2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷85

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Mr. Gore says the increasing（ ）of bush fires in Australia is an example of how quickly the climate is changing.问题1选项A.viciousnessB.ferocityC.maliciousnessD.malevolence【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项viciousness“邪恶，恶意”；B选项ferocity“凶猛，残忍”；C选项maliciousness“恶意”；D选项malevolence“怨恨

2、，狠毒”。句意：戈尔说，澳大利亚越发肆虐的丛林大火是气候变化速度之快的例证之一。这里是指火势很猛，所以选项B符合句意。2. 单选题I would do anything for her except（ ）what she cooks.问题1选项A.to eatB.eatC.eatingD.eaten【答案】B【解析】考查动词的形式。句意：我可以为她做任何事，就是不要吃她做的饭。Except在这里表示并列关系，前面是would do，后面同样也是用动词原形，所以选项B正确。3. 翻译题1. Translate the following into Chinese. (10%)Interest i

3、n basketball in the United States peaks around three big championship events in the spring: the college championships for men and women in late March or early April and the professional playoffs that climax in June. But that s only organized basketball. Informally, the game has been learned by gener

4、ations of American youths on city playgrounds and schoolyards, on lonely baskets put up in backyards of rural homes and on the driveway basketball courts of countless suburban homes.【答案】美国人对篮球的兴趣在春季三大锦标赛期间达到顶峰。这包括三月底或四月初举行的大学男篮锦标赛和大学女篮锦标赛，以及在六月份进入决赛高潮的职业篮球赛。上面说的只是有组织的正式比赛。在市内的运动场和学校的操场上，在农舍后院的简易篮球筐下

5、，或是在无数市郊住宅的自家车道上划出的篮球场上,一代代的美国青少年在学习打篮球。4. 单选题（ ）, I couldnt understand what is meant by that.问题1选项A.As I try hardB.Hard as I might tryC.I might try hardD.I tried hard【答案】B【解析】语法题。考查倒装。句意：尽管我很努力，我还是不明白那是什么意思。这里是as（尽管）引导的倒装句结构：adj./adv.+ as +主语+其他成份，因此B选项正确。5. 单选题The car engine may（ ）as we go up the

6、hill.问题1选项A.extinguishB.stallC.ceaseD.start【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish“熄灭，压制，消灭”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，结束”；start“开始”。句意：当我们上山时，汽车发动机可能会熄火。B项符合题意。6. 单选题Almost as a（ ）to the revival of Greek knowledge and values came the revival of interest in mathematics.问题1选项A.corollaryB.outcomeC.consequenceD.results

7、【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论，必然的结果”；B选项outcome“结局，成果”；C选项consequence“重要性，推论”；D选项results“后果”。句意：希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果，人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。7. 单选题He is totally（ ）to other peoples attitudes.问题1选项A.concernedB.carelessC.indifferentD.cold【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；B选项careless“粗心的；无忧无虑的”；C选项

8、indifferent“冷淡的；不关心的” D选项cold“冷淡的，不热情的”。句意：他对别人的态度漠不关心。be indifferent to是固定搭配，表示 “对漠不关心”，因此C项正确。8. 单选题One child per family has become the（ ）of family in most cities in China.问题1选项A.standardsB.criteriaC.normD.I tried hard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项standards“标准；规格”；B选项criteria“标准，条件”；C选项norm“标准，规范” D选项touchst

9、one“试金石；检验标准”。句意：一个家庭一个孩子已经成为中国大多数城市的家庭标准。A, B, C选项都有 “标准”的意思，它们的区别是：standard指法定的或一般公认的标准，用途比较广泛，criteria指有特殊的确实性,令人信服而用以判断，norm是一种社会习惯(标准)，指规范、基准、定额、分配之工作量、准则。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题One of the major pleasures（1）life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to（2）it. Appetite is the（3）of living: it

10、is one of the（4）that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous（5）and juices.（6）appetite, of course, I dont mean just the desire for food, but any condition of（7）desire, any burning in the bl

11、ood that proves you want more than youve got, and that you havent yet（8）your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their hearts desire, but sorrier（9）for those who did. I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and Ive always preferred wanting（10）since.For appetite, for me, is

12、this state of wanting, which keeps ones（11）alive. I remember learning this lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were（12）, and when I discovered that the（13）pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee, but in（14）it beforehand. True, the first bite was delicious, （15）once the

13、toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust.So, for me, one of the keenest（16）of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction. In this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly（17）, which is why I would carry the preservat

14、ion of appetite（18）of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is（19）to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned（20）insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.问题1选项A.forB.toC.inD.with问题2选项A.preserveB.deserveC.reserveD.serve问题3选项A.wantingB.interestC.keennessD.wishes问题4选项A.touchesB.hopesC

15、.sensesD.expectations问题5选项A.dishesB.mealsC.smellsD.flavors问题6选项A.ByB.WithC.ThroughD.Of问题7选项A.dissatisfiedB.unsatisfiedC.dissatisfyingD.unsatisfying问题8选项A.used upB.used allC.used overD.finished问题9选项A.moreB.the sameC.evenD.still问题10选项A.to havingB.than havingC.instead of havingD.but not having问题11选项A.w

16、antingB.desiringC.curiosityD.expectation问题12选项A.popularB.manyC.fewD.a few问题13选项A.biggestB.greatestC.mostD.largest问题14选项A.tastingB.imaginingC.bitingD.gazing at问题15选项A.butB.howeverC.andD.for问题16选项A.happinessB.delightsC.pleasuresD.well-being问题17选项A.goodB.bestC.perfectD.most问题18选项A.at a degreeB.to an ex

17、tentC.to some extentD.to the extent问题19选项A.too goodB.so goodC.too hardD.too easy问题20选项A.forB.intoC.inD.to【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:A第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:A第16题:C第17题:C第18题:D第19题:A第20题:B【解析】第1题:1.考查介词辨析。这里表示“渴望乃生活之一大乐事”，因此选介词in。2.考查动词辨析。A选项preserve“保存；保护；维持”；B选项dese

18、rve“应受，应得”；C选项reserve“ 预订” D选项serve“招待，供应”。句意：而心怀渴望则成为一项重要的任务。这里表示 “我们的主要职责之一就是保护好它”，因此A项符合句意。3.考查名词辨析。A选项wanting“缺少的；缺乏的”；B选项interest“兴趣，爱好”；C选项keenness“ 敏锐；锐利” D选项wishes“希望；祝福”。B选项放在空格处比较合适，表示 “渴望意味着对生活充满热情”。因此B项正确。4.考查名词辨析。A选项touches“绝技”；B选项hopes“希望”；C选项senses“感觉；意义” D选项expectations“期望；预期”。句意：这种表

19、明你依然希冀生活。根据句意可知C项正确。5.考查名词辨析。A选项dishes“菜肴”；B选项meals“膳食”；C选项smells“气味” D选项flavors“滋味”。D项放在这里比较合适，taste its multitudinous flavors and juices表示 “历尽世间百味百态”。句意：这种感觉表明你依然希冀生活，热衷梦想，向往探索世界，历尽世间百味百态。因此D项正确。6.考查介词辨析。这里用介词by比较合适，By appetite表示 “说到欲望/渴望”。句意：欲者，并非专指食欲，而乃渴望而不及之状态。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项dissatisfied “不满意的；不高

20、兴的”；B选项unsatisfied“未得到满足的”；C选项dissatisfying“使不满，使失望（dissatisfy 的现在分词）”； D选项unsatisfying“无法令人满足的”。句意：当然，我所说的“渴望”不单指对食物的欲望，而指所有欲求未满的状态。因此B项正确。8.考查短语辨析。A选项use up“用完，耗尽”；B选项use all 无此搭配；C选项use over 无此搭配； D选项finish“完成；结束”。句意：这炽热的激情证明你希望收获更多，你的生命力并未耗尽。因此A项符合句意。9.语义题。Still修饰形容词比较级，表示 “更加；.得多”。句意：王尔德曾说过，对未能

21、梦想成真者，他深表惋惜；而对心愿已遂者，他则倍感遗憾。因此D项正确。10.考查固定搭配。prefer doing to doing表示 “更喜欢，不喜欢”。句意：我梦想成真过一次，这几乎要了我的命，从那以后，比起拥有，我更喜欢向往的状态。因此A项正确。11.考查名词辨析。A选项wanting（want 的现在分词）“想要；需要”；B选项desiring“渴望（desire 的现在分词）”；C选项curiosity“ 好奇” D选项expectation“期待；预期；指望”。句意：对我来说，渴望就是这种想往的状态，它使希望永存。因此D项正确。12.语义题。句意：我记得懂得这一点是在很久以前，还是

22、个孩子的时候，那时有人款待和纵酒享乐的机会几乎没有。按上下文逻辑理解，这里表示 “有人款待和纵酒享乐的机会”在孩提时应是“几乎没有”的，因此C项正确。13.考查形容词最高级。句意：而我发觉最大的幸福不在于吃太妃糖，而在于吃前凝视它的那一段时间。这里表示 “最大程度的幸福”，因此用great的最高级greatest。因此B项正确。14.考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。A选项taste“品尝”；B选imagine“想象；猜想”；C选项bite“咬；刺痛”； D选项gaze at“盯住；凝视”。句意：而在于吃前凝视它的那一段时间。因此D项正确。15.考查连词辨析。句意：诚然，咬第一口时味

23、道不错，但一旦太妃糖吃完了，一切皆化为乌有，无论是太妃糖还是欲望全都没了。空格前后是转折关系，故选A。16.考查名词辨析。A选项happiness“幸福”；B选项delights“高兴”；C选项pleasures“愉快；乐事”； D选项well-being“幸福；康乐”。句意：所以对我而言，欲望的最大乐趣之一在于对之渴求，而非满足感。因此C项正确。17.考查形容词辨析。A选项good“好的；优良的”；B选项best“最好的”；C选项perfect“ 完美的；最好的”； D选项most“多数的；最多的”。句意：在这些情况下，我当然知道渴望的目的通常在于其无瑕疵的完美。因此C项正确。18.考查短语

24、辨析。A选项at a degree“在一定程度上”；B选项to an extent“在一定程度上”；C选项to some extent“ 在某种程度上”； D选项to the extent“到程度”。句意：这就是为什么我会刻意禁食来保持食欲。因此D项正确。19.考查固定搭配。句意：仅仅是因为我认为胃口太好了，不能失去，太珍贵了，不能因为饱足和过度进食而变得麻木。Tooto表示 “太而不能”，A项符合句意。20.考查固定搭配。be bludgeoned into在这里表示 “变得，成为状态”。句意：太珍贵了，不能因为饱足和过度进食而变得麻木。因此B项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:第6题:

25、第7题:第8题:第9题:第10题:第11题:第12题:第13题:第14题:第15题:第16题:第17题:第18题:第19题:第20题:10. 单选题Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing womens contribution to developm

26、ent is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them

27、 to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women

28、in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters a

29、re given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. Bu

30、t it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are j

31、ust the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.1.The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is（ ）.2.By saying “the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling .” (Para. 2), the author means that（ ）.3.The author believes that a

32、 vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when（ ）.4.What does the author say about womens education?5.This passage mainly discusses（ ）.问题1选项A.troublesomeB.labor-savingC.rewardingD.expensive.问题2选项A.girls will turn out to be less valuable than boysB.girls will be capable of realizing their own d

33、reamsC.girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachD.girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home问题3选项A.women care more about educationB.girls can gain equal access to educationC.a family has fewer but healthier childrenD.parents can afford their daughters education

34、问题4选项A.It deserves greater attention than other social issues.B.It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C.It will yield greater returns than other known investment.D.It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.问题5选项A.unequal treatment of boys and girls in developi

35、ng countriesB.the potential earning power of well-educated womenC.the major contributions of educated women to societyD.the economic and social benefits of educating women【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文首段第一句“Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other i

36、nvestment available in the developing world. 在发展中国家，为女孩提供教育保障的回报率很可能比其他任何投资都要高。”由此可知，C选项rewarding“有回报的”符合原文。A选项troublesome“麻烦的”；B选项labor-saving“节省劳力的”；D选项expensive“昂贵的”，均不正确。2.作者意图题。根据第二段最后一句话“the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect. 这种预言变成了自我实现，使女性陷入被忽视的恶

37、性循环。”这一预言即破折号前面所提到的“Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school因此，女孩被认为不如男孩有价值，她们被关在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容，作者通过列举一个受过教育的母亲的事例来阐述了恶性循环变成良性循环的情况。受过教育的母亲不会有很多孩子，能够顾及所有孩子的发展，确保她的女儿能够得到公平（接受教育）的机会。因

38、此，她女儿的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是说，只有当女孩能够获得平等接受教育的机会才能使恶性循环变成良性循环，所以选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段的第一、二句“Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. 几乎没有人会质疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社会效益。但它同样也有巨大的经济优势。”这一观点和首段第一句呼应，由此可知，作者认为女性接受教育会产生比其他投资更大的回报。所以选项C

39、符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容以及上一题可知，作者一直在强调女性接受教育所产生的回报，不仅具有巨大的社会效益，同样也有巨大的经济优势。所以本文主要讨论的是妇女接受教育所带来的经济和社会利益，选项D符合原文。11. 单选题He was confronted by a vision of burning vehicles and slashed bodied, strewn on a ground（ ）with abandoned clothes, shoes, passports and wrecked household goods.问题1选项A.crammedB.loadedC.pe

40、rmeatedD.littered【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。litter with意为“散落着，将乱扔在处”。句意：他看到的是燃烧的车辆和被砍伤的身体，地上散落着丢弃的衣服、鞋子、护照和毁坏的家用物品。选项D符合语境。12. 单选题To（ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查

41、形近词辨析。A选项conserve“保存，保护”；B选项conceive“构思，设想”；C选项convert“转变”；D选项contrive“谋划”。句意：保护就是保存和保护，把我们自己喜欢的东西留在如此好的条件下，别人也可以分享我们的乐趣。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题With price（ ）so much, its hard for the company to plan a budget.问题1选项A.fluctuatingB.wavingC.swingingD.vibrating【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fluctuate“使波动，使动摇，涨落”； wave“挥手，挥舞”；sw

42、ing“摇摆，旋转”；vibrate“使振动，使颤动”。句意：由于价格波动大，所以这家公司很难做出预算计划。A项符合题意。14. 单选题The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like Paleolithic Man, Neolithic Man, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twe

43、ntieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large bui

44、ldings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. Al

45、l the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world

46、or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great

47、motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. H is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? 1 saw the sea. The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says Ive been there. You mention the remot

48、est, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say Ive been there meaning, I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you sp

49、end most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on

50、the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical wear

51、iness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.1. Anthropologists label nowadays men Legless because（ ）.2.Traveling at high speed means（ ）.3. Why does the author say we are deprived of the use of our eyes?4.What is the purpose of the author in writing

52、 this passage?5.What does a birds-eye view mean?问题1选项A.people forget how to use his legs.B.people prefer cars, buses and trains.C.lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.D.there are a lot of transportation devices.问题2选项A.peoples focus on the future.B.a pleasure.C.satisfying drivers great th

53、rill.D.a necessity of life.问题3选项A.People wont use their eyes.B.In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.C.People cant see anything on his way of travel.D.People want to sleep during traveling.问题4选项A.Legs become weaker.B.Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.C.There is no

54、 need to use eyes.D.The best way to travel is on foot.问题5选项A.See view with birds eyes.B.A bird looks at a beautiful view.C.It is a general view from a high position looking down.D.A scenic place.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第三、四句“When the time comes for anthropologists to turn thei

55、r attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs.当人类学家将目光转向20世纪，他们肯定选择“无腿人”这个标签。这个时代的历史大概是这样的：在20世纪，人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿.”后面具体举例来论证这个观点，比如人们坐车，乘电梯，坐电缆车等，由此可知

56、，人类学家之所以给20世纪的人贴上“无腿人”这个标签是因为人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段的首句“When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. 当你高速旅行的时候，现在对于你来说毫无意义：你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间都在盼望到达另一个地方。”也就是说，

57、当人们高速旅行的时候，关注的是未来，所以选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的一、二句“The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. 未来的历史书可能还会记载，我们的眼睛被剥夺了使用权。在我们匆忙地从一个地方到另一个地方时，一路上我们什么也没看见。”作者之所以说人们被剥夺了眼睛的使用权，是因

58、为人们在匆忙的旅行路上什么也没看见，所以选项C符合原文。4.作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，文章先在首段提出了“无腿人”是当代人的标签；第二段则讲述了人们在匆忙的旅行过程中失去了眼睛的使用权利；最后在第三段呼吁人们徒步旅行。由此可知，作者的目的在于告诉人们：最好的旅行方式是徒步到达。所以选项D正确。选项A和选项C表达过于片面，选项B不符合文章主旨，所以均不正确。5.语义辨析题。根据关键词“a birds-eye view”定位到第二段的第三句“Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing o

59、f the aircraft happens to get in your way. 航空旅行可以让你鸟瞰世界如果机翼恰好挡住了你的视线，你就看得更少了。”由此可知，“a birds-eye view”不是指鸟的视线，而是鸟瞰，也就是从高处往下看。这里是坐在飞机上鸟瞰下面的世界，所以选项C正确。15. 单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in London recovered all the losses incurred

60、 since September 11. The advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushing share prices back below pre-attack

61、 levels.The FTSE 100 index of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 10 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the coming months, they remain cautiously optimistic that the FTSE 100 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediate economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six mon