2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷95

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1、2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Did you notice the （ ） on the doctors face when heard that Kino had found the pearl of the world?问题1选项A.appearanceB.expressionC.descriptionD.look【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：appearance “外貌，外观”；选项B：expression意为“脸色，表现， 表情，态度，腔调”；选项C：description “描述，描写，类型，说明书”；选项D：loo

2、k意为“样子，面容，看”。根据题意，本题选项B更符合题意，正确。句意：听说Kino找到了世界明珠之后，你注意到医生脸上的表情了吗?2. 单选题Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat beyond what is considered normal for a persons age, sex, and body type. In todays society obesity is considered a disease, not a moral failing. It occurs when energy intake e

3、xceeds the amount of energy expended over time. Only in a small minority of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism, or the result of taking medications such as steroids(类固醇),that can cause weight gain.The more a person weighs, the more blood vessels the body needs to circulate b

4、lood throughout the body. The heart takes on a heavy burden as has to pump harder to force the blood flow through so many vessels. As a result; the heart grows in size and blood pressure tends to rise. Obesity is also a factor in osteoarthritis (because of the extra weight placed on the joints), bon

5、e and joint diseases, respiratory ailments, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher accidental death rate.Obesity can alter hormone levels, affect immune function, and cause impotence in men and reproductive problems in women. Women who are 30% overweight are twi

6、ce as likely to die of endometrial cancer, and those who are 40% overweight have four times the risk. Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast, ovaries, and gallbladder. Obese men are more likely to develop cancers of the rectum, colon, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and prostate

7、.Obesity can also cause psychological problems. Sufferers are associated with laziness, failure, or inadequate willpower. As a result, overweight men and women blame themselves for being heavy, thus causing feelings of guilt and depression.Scientific evidence has found an association between BMI (bo

8、dy mass index) and higher death rates. However, the relative risk of being heavy declines with age. Some researchers have found that data linking overweight and death are inconclusive, while other researchers have found that losing weight may be riskier than dangers posed by extra pounds. Some resea

9、rchers counter that overweight indirectly contributes to over 300, 000 deaths a year.A poll by Shape Up America found that 78% of overweight or obese adults have abandoned dieting as a means of losing weight. Diets do not teach people how to eat properly. They merely restrict food intake temporarily

10、, so when the diet ends, weight gain resumes.1.Which of the following expresses the main idea of this passage?2.According to the passage, （ ）.3.According to the passage, why does dieting not result in permanent weight loss?4.Which of the following is implied in Paragraph 5?5.Which of the following c

11、an be concluded from this passage?问题1选项A.Obesity puts a burden on the heart.B.Many people are constantly dietingC.Obesity is considered to be a disease.D.Obesity can lead to many serious health problems问题2选项A.obesity is often related to medications such as steroidsB.obesity does not affect a persons

12、 chance of getting cancerC.a diagnosis of obesity is based on a normal weight for ones age, sex and body type.D.obesity is becoming less of a problem in todays society问题3选项A.Diets dont teach people good eating habits,B.Diets lead to peoples guilt and depressionC.There are too many diets and each has

13、 different requirements.D.Diets cause feeling of deprivation问题4选项A.Losing a lot of weight is not wise for older people.B.Some surgical methods for weight loss are better than dieting.C.All obese people need to shed their extra pounds.D.Obese people should consult their doctors about the pros and con

14、s of losing weight问题5选项A.Obesity is not a major health risk.B.Scientists agree on the connection between obesity and death.C.Obese people are likely to be biased against by othersD.Obese people often blame others for their conditions.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段主要说明了什么是肥胖及什么导致了肥胖，第

15、二段至第五段讨论了肥胖会导致的各种健康问题，最后一段说明了减肥失败的原因。因此D项 “肥胖会导致许多严重的健康问题”符合文章大意。第2题:细节事实题。A: 肥胖通常与类固醇等药物有关。第一段赞成：Only in a small minority of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism, or the result of taking medications such as steroids（类固醇）， that can cause weight gain （只有在少数情况下，肥胖是由甲状腺功能减退等疾病或服用

16、能导致体重增加的如类固醇药物造成的）。因此A项不符合原文所述。B: 肥胖不会影响一个人得癌症的几率。第三段指出：Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B项错误。C: 肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄、性别和体型的正常体重。第一段指出：Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat beyond what is considered normal for a persons ase, sex, and body typ

17、e（肥胖一般被定义为脂肪的积累超过了就一个人的年龄、性别和体型而言被认为是正常的水平）。因此C项正确。D: 在当今社会，肥胖已经不再是一个问题了。第一段指出：In todays society obesity is considered a disease（在当今社会，肥胖被认为是一种疾病）。因此D项不符合原文所述。本题选C。第3题:细节事实题。最后一段指出：Diets do not teach people how to eat properly. They merely restrict food intake temporarily, so when the diet ends, wei

18、ght gain resumes（节食并不能教会人们如何正确饮食。他们只是暂时限制食物摄入，所以当饮食结束时，体重又会恢复增长）。因此A项正确。第4题:判断推理题。A: 对老年人来说，减肥是不明智的。B: 有些手术减肥方法比节食减肥效果好。C: 所有的肥胖者都需要减掉多余的体重。D: 肥胖的人应该向医生咨询减肥的利与弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人员发现，减肥可能比超重带来的危险更大。一些研究人员反驳说，超重每年间接导致30多万人死亡。由此推断，是否应减肥还应向医生咨询，故选D。第5题:判断推理题。A: 肥胖不是一个主要的健康风险。文章提及很多肥胖导致的健康问题，因此A项并不能被推断出。B: 科

19、学家们一致认为肥胖和死亡之间存在联系。第五段有指出：关于肥胖与死亡的关系，有很多不同观点，因此B项也不能被推断出。C: 胖人有可能受到他人对自己的偏见。D: 肥胖的人经常把自己的状况归咎于别人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被与懒惰、失败或意志力不足联系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人责怪他们自己太重，从而导致内疚和沮丧的感觉。由此推断，C项正确，D项不正确。本题选C。3. 单选题It would be wrong （ ）that factor.问题1选项A.to not considerB.not to considerC.to consider notD.to be considering【答案】

20、B【解析】考查不定式的否定形式。由于不定式的否定形式为not+ to+动原，所以选项A、C、D均错误，B选项正确。句意：不考虑那个因素将是错误的。4. 单选题The detective story might not be （ ） interesting to keep the child awake.问题1选项A.enoughB.adequatelyC.amplyD.sufficiently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。选项A：enough “（侧重表示分量或数量的足够）足够地，充分地”；选项B: adequately意思是“（表示程度）足够地，适当地”；选项C：amply意思是“（侧

21、重表示是数量）充足地”；选项D:sufficiently意思是“（侧重表示是数量）充分地，足够地”。根据句意本题需要选择一个程度副词来修饰interesting这个形容词，而选项A、C、D均侧重于数量和分量，因此选项B正确答案。句意：这本侦探小说或许没有有趣到让孩不子愿入睡。5. 单选题In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, scie

22、nce and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific proble

23、ms, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War II, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, whi

24、ch seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc. to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedo

25、ms.In the America of our own lime, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines （science, technology, engineering, and math）. There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of t

26、he rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China. Japan and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities while still popular in elite colleges and universities have experienced a significant decline. Humanis

27、tic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because the

28、y provide no obvious credentials （资质）for most nonacademic careers.Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education which means preparatio

29、n for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished （贫困的）without humanistic knowledge as wel

30、l. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world a

31、s well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.1.In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could（ ）.2.Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World War II

32、?3.Why are American scholars worried about education today?4.What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?5.Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?问题1选项A.solve virtually all existing problemsB.help raise peoples living standardsC.quicken the pace

33、 of industrializationD.promote the nations social progress问题2选项A.They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.B.They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.C.They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic st

34、udies.D.They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.问题3选项A.The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.B.Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.C.America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.D.There are not enough schola

35、rs in humanistic studies.问题4选项A.Insufficient fundingB.Shortage of devoted facultyC.Shrinking enrollmentD.Dim prospects for graduates问题5选项A.They promote the development of science and technology.B.They help prepare students for their professional careers.C.Humanistic thinking helps define our culture

36、 and values.D.Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students creativity.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出: science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem (科学与技术似乎几乎为所有问题提供了解决方案)。由此可知，A项“解决几乎所有存在的问题”正确。第2题:判断推理题。第一段指出: Two world wars and a Great Depression rocke

37、d the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world (两次世界大战和一次大萧条动摇了许多人的信心，他们曾认为只有科学知识才能创造一个繁荣有序的世界)。以及:After World War II, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensur

38、e the survival of democracy (第二次世界大战后，学术界对人文主义研究产生了新的热情，这在许多学者看来是确保民主生存的最佳途径)。由此可知，D项“他们认识到仅有科学和技术不能保证一个更好的世界”正确。第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出: There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines (在这些基本学科方面，美国正

39、落后于许多其他发达国家，这个担忧是相当合理的)。因此C项“美国在STEM学科上正落后”正确。第4题:细节事实题。第三段指出: Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves (政府、基金会和学术机构本身为人文学科所提供的资金都严重不足)。因此A项“资金不足” 正确。第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出: But try to imagine our world as well

40、 without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values (然而，也试着去想象我们的世界没有定义我们文化和价值的引人注目的作品)。由此可知，作者认为人文主义研究重要是因为人文主义思想帮助定义了我们的文化和价值观。故选C。6. 单选题You must insist that students give a truthful answer（ ）with the reality of their world.问题1选项A.relevantB.simultaneousC.consistentD.practical【答案

41、】C【解析】句意:你必须要求学生给出真实的、与现实一致(符合现实)的答案。考查形容词辨析。relevant 相关的，有价值的，常与介词to搭配;simultaneous 同时发生的；consistent 一致的，常构成短语be consistent with 与一致，与共存的；practical 实际的。题干中的介词是with，因此C项符合句意跟搭配。7. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in t

42、he late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.2. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regular design and by the powerful Roman cement, the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive entity by physi

43、cal, organizational, and psychological controls.3. When this kind of damaging activity is carried out online, how can the offender ever be held accountable for their actions when they are almost entirely untraceable in a virtual world?4. The harmony of man and nature in the flow of the great stream

44、of rhythm makes the Chinese garden more than something merely secular. It is true that no one would look upon the Chinese garden as a religious structure.5. We anticipate a personal loss will be more painful than an identical gain will be pleasant, so the benefit of winning must be disproportionatel

45、y large for us to take a bet.【答案】1.人类学家在十九世纪末二十世纪初提出的最为广泛接受的理论认为戏剧是神话和仪式的产物。2.就像通过常规设计和强有力的罗马水泥而结合在一起的罗马城墙上的石头，罗马王国的各个部分通过身体的、组织的和心理的控制而被结合成一个巨大的实体。3.当这种破坏性活动在网上进行时，在虚拟世界中几乎完全无法追查的情况下，如何追究犯罪者的行为责任？4.在有韵律的极好的溪流的流动中人与自然的和谐让中国园林不只是一些世俗的东西。 确实没有人会将中国园林看成是一种宗教的建筑物。5.我们预料，相比一个完全相同的收获带来的愉快，一个人的损失带来的不快更多，因此

46、对我们去打赌而言，获胜的好处一定是不成比例地大的。8. 单选题Our species evolved on the move. Recent research on the effects of exercise and the consequences of sedentary living has shown that physical activity is crucial to the proper processing of foods that we eat. In fact, most of the chronic and often life-threatening ailme

47、nts that besiege Americans in epidemic proportions could be tempered by regular exercise. Among them are heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, and osteoporosis. But lets face it: most people are not motivated to exercise by what it may do for them 20 years down the pike. What gets

48、 people like me out moving every day is what exercise does for me right now, especially how it allows me to enjoy eating without gaining. I, along with millions of Americans, have discovered that exercise is the key to permanent and painless weight control.After hearing a description of my usual dai

49、ly exercise schedule -a morning run or bike ride and an evening swim, sometimes with an hour of tennis in between some people remark, “Wouldnt it be a lot easier to eat one less bagel a day and skip all that exercise?” My answer is, “Easier, yes, but not nearly as effective nor as much fun”. Heres w

50、hy exercise, not dieting, is the best route to a leaner, lighter you.Far better for your health and, your future to lose primarily fat is in the first place. The only way to do that is through exercise, which uses body fat as its main source of energy. You may not see that initial rapid (but false)

51、weight loss, but what you lose will be what you want to lose fat, not muscle or water. Your loss will be slow but steady, and, if you make exercise a regular part of your life, chances are your loss will be permanent, too. If its any consolation, studies have shown that in most cases, the faster peo

52、ple lose weight, the more likely they are to regain it. Slow loss, then, is the secret to lasting success.If you want to lose weight faster than you can with just exercise, simply combine exercise with a reduced-calorie diet. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, showed that exercise c

53、an counter the metabolism-lowering effect of a low-calorie diet in many people. It also seems to curb the adverse caloric effect of aging on body metabolism. Whereas ordinarily your metabolism would slow down as you get older (which is one reason people get fatter in middle age even though they dont

54、 eat more), if you continue to exercise regularly, you may keep your youthful metabolic rate by maintaining a muscle body instead of losing muscle and putting on pounds of fat.1.What can be inferred from the passage?2.Which of the following statements about weight control is NOT true?3.Most middle-a

55、ged people get fatter, mainly because（ ）.4.Which of the following would be a best title for the passage?5.The passage is mainly about（ ）.问题1选项A.The slower people lose weight, the less likely they are to achieve their goalsB.People who are on diet merely lose muscle and water.C.Regular exercises may

56、reduce the chance of getting certain chronic diseases.D.Physical activity use muscle tissue as its main source of energy问题2选项A.The exercise is the secret to permanent and successful weight controlB.Combining exercises with a reduced-calorie diet make it easier to lose weight.C.Healthy weight control

57、 means lose primary fat, not muscle or water.D.To eat less and skip the exercise is an easy and effective way of losing weight.问题3选项A.the chemical activity in their body that uses the food to produce energy slows downB.they made dietary changes when they grow oldC.of their sedentary livingD.they don

58、t exercise regularly问题4选项A.Eating Without GainingB.Exercise: an Effective Weight-loss ToolC.Metabolic Changes in Human BodyD.Ways of Weight Control问题5选项A.how to keep fitB.how to lose weightC.the benefits brought about by regular exercisesD.exercises and diet【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题

59、。第一段第三句指出:In fact, most of the chronic and often life-threatening ailments that besiege Americans in epidemic proportions could be tempered by regular exercise (事实上，困扰美国人的大多数慢性疾病与危及生命的疾病是可以通过规律性锻炼来调节的)。因此，C项 “规律性锻炼能够降低患慢性疾病的机率”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Easier, yes, but not nearly as effective nor as much f

60、un (的确是很容易减肥，但是远没有期望的那么有效果)。由此可知D项“少吃且少运动是最简单且有效的减肥方法”不符合原文所述。第3题:细节事实题。第四段第四句指出了中年人发胖的原因:your metabolism would slow down as you get older（which is one reason people get fatter in middle age even though they dont eat more）(随着年龄增长，新陈代谢速度减慢（这也是为什么人到了中年时期尽管吃得不多也很容易发胖 的原因）)。因此，A项“体内用以产生能量的化学分解活动速度减慢”正确。

61、第4题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了规律性锻炼对于健康以及减肥的作用，并且比较了其相对于通过饮食控制来减肥的好处。因此B项“运动是有效的减肥方法”比较适合做文章标题。第5题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了规律性锻炼对于健康以及减肥的作用，并且比较了其相对于通过饮食控制来减肥的好处。故答案为C项“规律运动带来很多益处”。9. 单选题To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor, you must be able to（1）the attention and interest of your students; you mu

62、st be a（2）speaker, with a good, strong,（3）voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to（4）what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear.（5）a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still（6）his class. He stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks abou

63、t, using his（7）, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feeling. Listen to him, and you will（8）the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always（9）according to what he is（10）about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor

64、 doesnt（11）that he will indeed be able to act（12）on the stage, for there are very important（13）between the teachers work and the actors. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the（14）words each time he plays a certain part;（15）his movements and the ways in which