2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷51

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Our son doesnt know what to （ ）at the university: he cant make up his mind about his future.问题1选项A.take inB.take overC.take afterD.take up【答案】D【解析】词组辨析。take in “理解，吸收”；take over “接管”；take after “与相像”；take up “占据，开始，从事”。句意：我们的儿子不知道在大学里该做什么：他对自己的未来拿不定主意。选项D符合题意。

2、2. 单选题The hotel could not （ ） a party of thirty because almost all its rooms were booked.问题1选项A.contemplateB.compensateC.accommodateD.articulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。contemplate “沉思，注视”；compensate “补偿”；accommodate “容纳，使适应”；articulate “清晰表达，使相互连贯”。句意：这家旅馆不能容纳30人，因为几乎所有的房间都订满了。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Some felt that t

3、hey were hurrying into an epoch of （ ）enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would ensure wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.sustainableB.credibleC.certifiedD.unprecedented【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。Sustainable “可支撑的，可持续的”；credible “可信任的”；certified “有保证的”；unprecedented “空前的”。句意：一些人认

4、为他们正在进入一个前所未有的启蒙时代，在这个时代，更好的教育和有益的技术将确保所有人的财富和闲暇。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题There is a confused notion in the minds of many persons, that are gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think,

5、return to the poor again. This fallacy has been again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for blackmail, or any other form of robbery. It might for the nation that the robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robb

6、ed should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every passenger the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas on my part that it was as advantageous t

7、o them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a turnpike, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover,

8、be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of England - for the poor of all countries - is wholly omitted in every treatise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its ef

9、fect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything; but is matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make. If his labor is so

10、ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and air will finally

11、not be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.1.We may infer that the author probably lived

12、in the （ ）.2.It can be inferred that the author probably favors （ ）.3.It can be inferred that in regard to the accumulation of wealth the author （ ）.4.According to the views expressed in the passage, people should be happiest doing which of the following?5.The author of the above passage would proba

13、bly react to an energy shortage by （ ）.问题1选项A.1960s in the United StatesB.Golden Age of GreeceC.early days of British industrializationD.England of King Arthur问题2选项A.capitalismB.totalitarianismC.socialismD.anarchism问题3选项A.equates the rich with the thiefB.says that the robber is a benefactorC.condone

14、s some dishonesty in business dealingsD.indicates that there are few honest businessmen问题4选项A.mining ore for the manufacture of weapons.B.cleaning sewage ponds at a treatment plant.C.waiting tables for a rich man.D.helping a poor man do his job.问题5选项A.blaming the rich for the problemB.supporting the

15、 search for more oilC.fomenting revolution by the doorD.urging that energy be used more efficiently and effectively【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推断题。根据文章 “And this main question for the poor of England - for the poor of all countries - is wholly omitted in every treatise on the subject of wealt

16、h.”，可知对于英国的穷人，对于所有国家的穷人，这一问题在所有关于财富的论述中都被完全忽略了。可推断出作者生活在英国。下文讨论了劳动者的生产问题，可推断出此时英国处于工业化初级阶段。选项C符合题意。2.作者态度题。根据文章 “Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind

17、and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything; but is matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make.”，可知资本主义生产带来了一系列的问题，提出劳动者生产任何东西的报酬多少无关紧要，问题在于他们被迫生产的东西是什么，并且能够用自己的财产干什么。可判断出作者认为应该对个人的生产和财产使用进行规定，可推断出作者对社会主义表示赞成。选项C符合题意。3

18、.推断题。根据文章， “If I were to put a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gateout of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity.”，可知作者举了一个例子说明了关于财富积累，作者暗示了诚实的商人其实很少。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章， “If his labor is so order

19、ed as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them.So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your po

20、cket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.”，可知对于劳动者来说，最大的问题不是有多少钱，而是能用钱买什么和做什么，如果是对生活有利的事，那人们会感到快乐。可推断出清洁污水处理厂的污水池是人们会喜欢的，因为可以带来好的环境，对生活有利。选项B符合题意。5.推断题。整篇文章主要提到了财富集中在富人手中会对带来许多问题，如果财富完全由富人来支配，那么会对生产和使用方式带来危害。可推断出作者会把资源短缺的问题归咎于富人。选项A符合题意。5. 翻译题吴歌是中国吴语地区民歌民谣的总称。吴语地区包括江苏南部、浙江北部和上海 市，大致是指长江下游的三

21、角洲地区。这里是同一种方言的文化圈，同属传统吴文化范畴。“吴”的概念随着历代区域划分而有所变化，如早期的“吴”指的是吴国领域，后来在 曾包括现在的南京和扬州等地，现在所说的“吴”是地域和方言区划的概念。苏州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名称，历史上采集吴歌， 也以它为中心，在中国文学史上占有一定地位。【答案】Wu Song is the general name title of folk song in Wu language area of China. Wu language area includes southern Jiangsu, Northern

22、 Zhejiang and Shanghai, referring to the delta area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This is a cultural circle of the same dialect belonging to traditional cultural of Wu areas. The concept of “Wu”has changed with the historical regional division, for example, “Wu”in early time refers to W

23、u area, later it included some present places, such as Nanjing and Yangzhou. “Wu”conrrently is a concept of division of region and dialect. Suzhou exactly is in the center of it, which is a historical cultural title famed as “paradise”. It was also the center of Wu Song collection and occupied its p

24、osition in the history of literature.6. 单选题Excellent films are those which （ ）_ national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。transcend “胜过，超越”； traverse “穿过，来回移动，反驳”；abolish “废除，废止”；suppress “抑制，镇压”。句意：优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题They gathered （

25、） information before designing the measuring equipment.问题1选项A.a great manyB.vast amounts ofC.a large number ofD.a number of【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。A great many, a large number of和a number of后都接可数名词，information为不可数名词，所以选用vast amount of，句意：他们在设计测量设备之前收集了大量的信息。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题If the old maxim that the customer is

26、always right still has meaning, then the airlines that ply the worlds busiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hands.The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its o

27、ne millionth passengers, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from t

28、here.From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to

29、the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.In the short term

30、, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-Particularly Air Fr

31、anceas having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.The airlines optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example,

32、points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying r

33、ecord numbers of passengers.41.British airlines confide in the fact that （ ）.42.The authors attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described as （ ）.43.In the passage, British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to （ ）.44.The railways Brussels route is brought forth to show that （ ）.45.The passage is

34、taken from the first of an essay, from which we may well predict that in the following part the author is going to （ ）.问题1选项A.they are more powerful than other European airlinesB.their total loss wont go beyond a drop of 5% passengersC.their traffic levels will return in 2-3 yearsD.traveling by rail

35、 can never catch up with traveling by air问题2选项A.worried.B.delightedC.puzzledD.unrivaled问题3选项A.provide a comparison with EurostarB.support the airlines optimismC.prove the inevitable drop of air passengersD.call for electrification and modernization of the railway问题4选项A.the Eurostar train service is

36、not doing good businessB.the airlines can well compete with the railwayC.the Eurostar train service only caused little damageD.only some airlines, such as Air France, are suffering问题5选项A.praise the airlines clear-mindednessB.warn the airlines of high-speed rail servicesC.propose a reduction of Londo

37、n/Paris flightsD.advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】41.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.”，可知航空公司相信，损失将是有限的，乘客数量将在两到三年内恢复到以

38、前的水平。可判断出英国航空公司坚信他们的交通水平将在2-3年内恢复。选项C符合题意。42.作者态度题。纵观全文，作者认为列车的开通对航空公司的影响力度是有限的，客人最后还是会重新选择航空运输，所以对乘客数目下降的现象还是持乐观态度的，但是从整篇文章的语气来看，作者还是心存担忧的。选项A符合题意。43.推断题。根据文章第四段， “the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.”，客户自航空公司坚信乘客最终还是会选择航空运输。又根据文章最后一段，

39、 “The airlines optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent.”，可知航空公司对恢复客流量水平的乐观态度是基于历史先例。可推断出作者下文提到British Rail的例子就是为了证明这一观点：航空公司对航空运输的水平持客观态度。选项B符合题意。44.推断题。根据文章第五段， “On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a

40、 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.”，可知在布鲁塞尔的航线上，铁路公司没有那么成功，航空公司的报告显示，只造成了5%左右的下降，并没有明显的影响。可推断出布鲁塞尔铁路的开通事例说明了欧洲之星列车只对航空运输造成了很小的损害。选项C符合题意。45.推断题。整篇文章都在说明和强调航空公司对列车开通带来的乘客流量下降并没有很重视，而是一直持乐观态度，相信乘客最终会选择航空运输，但是作者却对此表现出担忧，可推断出作者在接下来的文段中将会给予航空公司一些警告，以让他们能注重列车服务发展带来的冲击。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题They managed to

41、 （ ） the enemys secret telegram and thus were able to win the victory.问题1选项A.decomposeB.decodeC.enlightenD.enclose【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。Decompose “分解，腐烂”；decode “解密，破译”；enlighten “启示”；enclose “围绕，装入”。句意：他们设法破译了敌人的密电，从而赢得了胜利。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题The childs hysterical crying （ ） the doctor from completing his exa

42、mination.问题1选项A.fosteredB.spurredC.impededD.sustained【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。foster “培养，养育”；spur “激励，鞭策”；impede “阻碍”；sustain “维持”。句意：那孩子歇斯底里的哭声妨碍了医生完成检查。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there

43、 was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the ot

44、her dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed

45、 the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over i

46、n a large quantum jump - which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances - then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the

47、unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured. There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have lead some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the tans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficultie

48、s of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships fo

49、und in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a specia

50、l role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear - either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding - to be the same sort of dim

51、ension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass - that is to say, by the interaction of dif

52、ferent forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einsteins theories

53、, since the “faster” a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seem, consonant with this concept.1.The passage supports the inference that （ ）.2.The central idea of the pa

54、ssage can be best described as being which of the following?3.According to the author, it is too soon to （ ）.4.It can be inferred that the author sees Zuckerkandl as believing that mathematics is a (n) （ ）.5.In the first sentence, the author refers to “philosopher” as well as to “scientist” because

55、（ ）.问题1选项A.Einsteins theory of relatively is wrongB.time travel is clearly possibleC.tachyons do not have the same sort of mass as any other particlesD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light问题2选项A.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describ

56、ing the new theories.B.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.C.Zuckerkandls theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einsteins.D.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dim

57、ension.问题3选项A.call Beethoven a physicist.B.plan for time travel.C.adopt proposals such as ZuckerkandlsD.attempt to improve current notation.问题4选项A.difficult field of study.B.language.C.necessary evil.D.great hindrance to full understanding.问题5选项A.this is part of a larger work.B.the nature of time is

58、 a basic question in philosophy as well as physics.C.physicists get Doctor of Philosophy degrees.D.the study of the methods of any field is a philosophical question.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite

59、quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump - which seems highly unlikely”，可知超过光速的障碍显然是需要有一个无限大的质量以光速运动。如果这种情况可以通过一个巨大的量子跃迁来跨越这似乎极不可能的。可判断出以光速运动是不可能的。选项D符合题意。2.主旨题。文章第一段提到总是难以让时间符合科学家和哲学家的宇宙观，即使爱因斯坦的公式也不能完全解释其中的关系。如果存在超过光速的物质，它

60、可能会落后于时间。下文继续提到了新的理论提出如何解决其中的问题，并且与爱因斯坦的理论并不矛盾。可判断出本文的中心思想是新的观察需要发展新的理论和描述新理论的新方法。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段， “The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experien

61、cing this state cannot be conjectured.”，可知时间倒流的概念来自于一个负的时间矢量的存在，尽管我们无法推测这对我们的感官意味着什么，当我们经历这种状态的不太可能的情况的时候，可知人们现阶段难以实现时间旅行。可推断出计划时间旅行还为时过早。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to pl

62、ay, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.”， 可知他认为数学可能是一种更有用的语言，用来表达物理中的关系，在物理中，时间再次扮演着特殊的角色，而不能仅仅被视为另一个维度。可推断出Zuckerkandl认为数学是一种语言。选项B符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章第一句， “It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe.”，可知对哲学家或科学家来说，要把时间融入宇宙观中一直是困难

63、的。可推断出时间的本质是哲学和物理学中的一个基本问题。选项B符合题意。12. 翻译题我所提出的语言时空观确认：语言学并不仅仅在于认识语音、语法、词汇、语义、 语境等等一系列单一的现象或组合现象，而且更为重要的还在于认识包含时间要素和空 间要素在内的语言整体存在构件，研究它的组织以及因为这些组织而形成的语言生存状 态。实际上，时间和空间在语言的整体构建中是符合自然的、永恒而无以更替的实在。 我并不否认语言学界对时间和空间所予以的关注，但是，正如我上文中指出的那样，时 间和空间在语言存在重的含义还远远没有得到清晰的认识或明确的界定，他们在语言存在重的位置和价值还没有得到合理的指认。【答案】The time and space viewpoints of language that I proposed makes sure that: linguistics does not only recognize a series of single or combined phenomenon like pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, semantics and context and so on. The more