2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷58

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题We can allow a 0.5% discount on all orders of $1000; orders _ $2000 are subject to a 2%discount.问题1选项A.exceedingB.reducingC.proceedingD.promoting【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. exceeding 超过（数量） B. reducing 减少C. proceeding 开始；继续做 D. promoting 促进；提升【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意：对所有1000

2、美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。分号后面的折扣更大，应该指如果是更多美元的订单，我们给出的折扣更多。应该选A. exceeding超过，表示更多。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。超过2000美元的订单须加2%的折扣。2. 不定项选择题The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under ControlThe Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new l

3、aw limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.But the oil industry has a way of getting o

4、ver such problems, and few people believe that the government will be able to hold things back for long.As on Norwegian politician said last week “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of

5、the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole north

6、ern policy could be in ruins.The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smal

7、ler industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them man

8、y of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian.And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to _.2. The

9、Norwegian Government has tried to _.3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to _.4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be _.5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because _.问题1选项A.provide more jobs for foreig

10、n workersB.slow down the rate of its developmentC.sell the oil it is producing abroadD.develop more quickly than at present问题2选项A.encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sourcesB.prevent oil companies employing people from northern NorwayC.held the oil companies solve many of their problemsD

11、.keep the oil industry to something near its present size问题3选项A.the development of industryB.a growth in populationC.the failure of the development programmeD.the development of new towns问题4选项A.a large reduction on unemploymentB.a growth in the tourist industryC.a reduction in the number of existing

12、 industriesD.the development of a number of service industries问题5选项A.they form such a large part of Norwegian idealB.their lives and values represent the Norwegian idealC.their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian societyD.they regard off as a threat to the Norwegian way of life【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第

13、3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1. 【选项释义】The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to _. 挪威政府更倾向于石油工业_。A. provide more jobs for foreign workers. A. 为外国工人提供更多的工作机会B. slow down the rate of its development B. 减缓其发展速度C. sell the oil it is producing abroad C. 把它生产的石油卖到国外去D. develop more quickly than at pr

14、esent D. 比现在发展得更快【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词oil industry可定位到Para. 1第一句，该处讲到“挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业（under control）”，又提到“一项新法律（A new law limits）将勘探范围限制在长海岸线南端以南的地区；已经制定了生产限制；石油公司也不允许雇佣超过有限数量的外国工人”。可知政府限制石油工业的发展。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“为外国工人提供更多的工作机会”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇佣外国工人的数量不得超过限定数量，即减少雇佣工人数量。这里属

15、于反向干扰；C选项“把它生产的石油卖到国外去”，属于无中生有；D选项“比现在发展得更快”，文中说到要限制石油工业的发展，D选项与文章相反，属于反向干扰。2. 【选项释义】The Norwegian Government has tried to _. 挪威政府已努力去_。A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources A. 鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源B. prevent oil companies employing people from northern NorwayB. 禁止石油公司雇佣挪威北部人C. held th

16、e oil companies solve many of their problems C. 控制石油公司解决它们的许多问题D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size D. 使石油工业保持在接近目前规模的水平【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 2第一句，该处讲到“很少有人相信政府能够长期阻止事态发展”，结合第一段第一句“挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业”可知政府在控制石油工业发展，努力维持石油工业的现状。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“鼓励

17、石油公司发现新的石油资源”，而文中说新的法律限制人们只能在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探，也就是限制人们发现新资源，A选项属于反向干扰；B选项“禁止石油公司雇佣挪威北部人”，文中说到石油工业已经开始吸引人们前往南方但并没有说禁止雇佣北部人，B选项属于无中生有；C选项“控制石油公司解决它们的许多问题”，但文中提到的是石油工业解决问题，属于张冠李戴。3. 【选项释义】According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to _. 根据这篇文章，石油工业可能会导致挪威北部_。A. the development

18、 of industry A. 工业的发展B. a growth in population B. 人口的增长C. the failure of the development programme C. 发展计划的失败D. the development of new towns D. 新市镇的发展【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 4最后一句，该处讲到“不出几年，整个北方政策就可能毁于一旦”。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“工业的发展”，文中说到“一些小的工业甚至会消失（Some smaller industries

19、 might even disappear）”属于反向干扰；B选项“人口的增长”，文中说到“石油工业吸引人们前往南方（started to draw people south）”也就是说北部人口会减少。B选项属于反向干扰；D选项“新市镇的发展”，北部人口跑到南方北方应该不会有新城镇的发展，反而是南方可能有新城镇的发展，这属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be _. 在南方，石油工业的发展可能产生的影响是_。A. a large reduction on un

20、employment A. 失业率大幅下降B. a growth in the tourist industry B. 旅游业的发展C. a reduction in the number of existing industries C. 现有工业数量的减少D. the development of a number of service industries D. 发展一批服务业【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】倒数第三段第一句提到“然而，石油工业的影响不会局限于北方”即可知本段在描写石油工业的发展对南方带来的影响，根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段最后一句，该处讲到“一些较小的工业甚至可能完

21、全消失”。换言之，这些原本存在的小工业会减少。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“失业率大幅下降”，根据倒数第三段第二句“在就业率接近100%的情况下（With nearly 100 percent employment），每个人都可以看到服务行业和旅游业的大部分工人将会跑到石油工业去。”可知原文说到1. 就业率接近100%；2. 服务业和旅游业的从业人员会流向石油业，无法推断出失业率大幅下降，属于无中生有；B选项“旅游业的发展”，根据倒数第三段第二句“服务行业和旅游业的大部分工人将会跑到石油工业去。”可知旅游业不会发展，B选项反向干扰；D选项“发展一

22、批服务业”，也是根据原文中人们发展石油工业导致从事服务和旅游的人减少，不会发展一批服务业，D选项属于反向干扰。5. 【选项释义】Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because _. 挪威的农民和渔民有重要的影响，因为_。A. they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal A. 他们构成了挪威人理想的很大一部分B. their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal B. 他们的生活和价值观代表了挪威人的理想

23、C. their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society C. 他们的工作对挪威社会很有帮助D. they regard off as a threat to the Norwegian way of life D. 他们认为这是对挪威人生活方式的威胁【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干farmers 和 fishermen可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“挪威人在他们身上看到了许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人本质上的品质。”众所周知，挪威的农业和渔业发展历史悠久，农民和渔民是挪威的代表。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因

24、此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们构成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是说挪威人的理想是渔民和农民，而是说渔民和农民的生活和价值观代表了他们的理想，A选项属于偷换概念；C选项“他们的工作对挪威社会很有帮助”，文中只是说石油的发展阻碍了渔业农业发展，并没有说他们为什么重要，C选项属于无中生有；D选项“他们认为这是对挪威人生活方式的威胁”，但是文中说的是“关于石油的真正争论是它对挪威人生活方式的威胁”。对生活有威胁的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。这里属于张冠李戴。3. 单选题An airplane（ ）in the mountain.问题1选项A.crashedB.smas

25、hedC.clashedD.crushed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。crash“损毁，坠毁”；smash“粉碎，使破产”；clash“发出撞击声，碰撞”；crush“压坏，损坏”。句意：飞机在山区坠毁了。A项符合题意。4. 不定项选择题The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete

26、 destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war.While speaking ou

27、t against Hitlers atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discret

28、ion.American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelts “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitlers policies. Germanys seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people.T

29、he conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympa

30、thy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun.A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend A

31、ct (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisp

32、here. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereaf

33、ter, Germany declared war on the United States. 1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was _.2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to _.3. American policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being _.4. The

34、Neutrality Act of 1939 _.5. We entered the war against Germany _.问题1选项A.the burning of the ReichstagB.German plans for conquestC.Nazi barbarismD.the persecution of religious group问题2选项A.help the BritishB.strengthen the national defense of the United StatesC.promote the Atlantic CharterD.avenge Pearl

35、 Harbor问题3选项A.watchfulB.isolationistC.peacefulD.indifferent问题4选项A.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nationsB.antagonized JapanC.permitted the British to trade only with the AlliesD.led to the Lend-Lease Act问题5选项A.because Germany declared warB.because Japan was an ally of GermanyC.after Ge

36、rmany had signed the Nazi-Soviet PactD.after peaceful efforts had failed【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1. 【选项释义】One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was _. 有一件事发生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏远美国公众的行为清单中没有提到的是_。A. the burning o

37、f the Reichstag A. 国会大厦的焚毁B. German plans for conquest B. 德国征服计划C. Nazi barbarism C. 纳粹暴虐D. the persecution of religious group D. 宗教团体的迫害【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 1第二句，该处讲到“对犹太人的迫害（the persecution of Jews）”“纳粹的暴虐（barbarism of the Nazis）”以及“德国征服计划（the plans of Germany for world conquest）”。B、C、

38、D都有提到，只有A没有。因此选A。【干扰项排除】A选项国会大厦的焚毁，属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】The Lend-Lease Act was designed to _. 租借法案的目的是_。A. help the British A. 帮助英国B. strengthen the national defense of the United States B. 加强美国的国防C. promote the Atlantic Charter C. 促进大西洋宪章D. avenge Pearl Harbor D. 珍珠港报仇【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词Lend-Lease

39、Act可定位到倒数第二段第二句“租借法案（1941年）授权总统向他认为保卫美国（for the defense of the United States）所需的任何国家出售、交换或租借材料”。换言之，就是加强美国的国防。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“帮助英国”，这个法案颁布后确实给英国提供了帮助，但是这不是美国的根本目的。A选项属于本末倒置；C选项“促进大西洋宪章”，文中没有提到，C选项属于无中生有；D选项“珍珠港报仇”，文中没有提及两者的关系，D选项属于无中生有。3. 【选项释义】American policy during the years

40、 1935-1936 may be described as being _. 美国在1935-1936年间的政策可以被描述为_。A. watchful A. 注意的；警惕的B. isolationist B. 孤立主义的C. peaceful C. 和平的，爱好和平的D. indifferent D. 冷淡的，不关心的【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词1935-1936与题干信息词American policy可定位到Para. 3第一句，该处讲到“1935-1936的中立法案（The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936）”。还讲到“美国人民普遍支

41、持孤立政策”。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“警惕的”，属于无中生有；C选项“和平的”，属于无中生有；D选项“冷淡的”，属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The Neutrality Act of 1939_. 1939年中立法案_。A. permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations A. 允许向交战国家出售武器B. antagonized Japan B. 对抗日本C. permitted the British to trade only with the Allies C. 允许英国只

42、与协约国进行贸易D. led to the Lend-Lease Act D. 导致了租借法案的出台【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词The Neutrality Act of 1939可定位到倒数第三段第二句，该处讲到“废弃了武器禁运，允许向交战国家现购自运出口武器”。换言之，允许对交战国家出口武器。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“对抗日本”，属于无中生有；C选项“允许英国只与协约国进行贸易”，属于无中生有；D选项“导致了租借法案的出台”，文中没有提及两者关系，D选项属于过度推断。5. 【选项释义】We entered the wa

43、r against Germany _. 我们参加了对德战争_。A. because Germany declared war A. 因为德国宣战了B. because Japan was an ally of Germany B. 因为日本是德国的盟友C. after Germany had signed the Nazi-SovietC. 在德国签署了纳粹苏联条约之后D. after peaceful efforts had failed D. 在和平努力失败之后【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段，该处讲到“紧接着，德国向美国宣战”。因为前文一直讲到美国处于中立

44、状态，所以德国宣战后美国才参加了对德战争。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“因为日本是德国的盟友”，属于无中生有；C选项“在德国签署了纳粹-苏联条约之后”，文中没有提过，属于无中生有；D选项“在和平努力失败之后”，文中美国一直处于中立状态，没有进行和平努力，属于无中生有。5. 不定项选择题The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war betw

45、een Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought

46、on fear of another world war.While speaking out against Hitlers atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms

47、embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelts “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitlers policies. Germanys seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslov

48、akia (1938) also aroused the American people.The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.The United States atte

49、mpted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun.A draft act was passed (1940)

50、 to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American ba

51、ses in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the Unit

52、ed States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States. 1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was_.2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to_.3. American policy during the years 1

53、935-1936 may be described as being _.4. The Neutrality Act of 1939 _.5. We entered the war against Germany_.问题1选项A.the burning of the ReichstagB.German plans for conquestC.Nazi barbarismD.the persecution of religious group问题2选项A.help the BritishB.strengthen the national defense of the United StatesC

54、.promote the Atlantic CharterD.avenge Pearl Harbor问题3选项A.watchfulB.isolationistC.peacefulD.indifferent问题4选项A.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nationsB.antagonized JapanC.permitted the British to trade only with the AlliesD.led to the Lend-Lease Act问题5选项A.because Germany declared warB.bec

55、ause Japan was an ally of GermanyC.after Germany had signed the Nazi-Soviet PactD.after peaceful efforts had failed【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was _. 有一件事发生在1937年之前，

56、但作者在他的疏远美国公众的行为清单中没有提到的是 _。A. the burning of the Reichstag A. 国会大厦的焚毁B. German plans for conquest B. 德国征服计划C. Nazi barbarism C. 纳粹暴虐D. the persecution of religious group D. 宗教团体的迫害【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，该处讲到“对犹太人的迫害（the persecution of Jews）”“纳粹的暴虐（barbarism of the Nazis）”以及“德国征服计划（the

57、plans of Germany for world conquest）”。B、C、D都有提到，只有A没有。因此选A。【干扰项排除】A选项国会大厦的焚毁，属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】The Lend-Lease Act was designed to _. 租借法案的目的是 _。A. help the British A. 帮助英国B. strengthen the national defense of the United States B. 加强美国的国防C. promote the Atlantic Charter C. 促进大西洋宪章D. avenge Pearl Harbor D

58、. 珍珠港报仇【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词Lend-Lease Act可定位到倒数第二段1941处，该处讲到“这项法案的目的是为了保卫美国（for the defense of the United States）”。换言之，就是加强美国的国防。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“帮助英国”，这个法案颁布后确实给英国提供了帮助，但是这不是美国的根本目的。A选项属于本末倒置；C选项“促进大西洋宪章”，文中没有提到，C选项属于无中生有；D选项“珍珠港报仇”，文中没有提及两者的关系，D选项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】American p

59、olicy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being _. 美国在1935-1936年间的政策可以被描述为 _。A. watchful A. 注意的；警惕的B. isolationist B. 孤立主义的C. peaceful C. 和平的，爱好和平的D. indifferent D. 冷淡的，不关心的【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词1935-1936与题干信息词American policy可定位到Para.3第一句，该处讲到“1935-1936的中立法案（The Neutrality Acts of 1935

60、and 1936）”。还讲到“美国人民普遍支持孤立政策（the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality）”。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“注意的”，属于无中生有；C选项“和平的”，属于无中生有；D选项“冷淡的”，属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】The Neutrality Act of 1939_. 1939年中立法案_。A. permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations A. 允许向交战

61、国家出售武器B. antagonized Japan B. 对抗日本C. permitted the British to trade only with the Allies C. 允许英国只与协约国进行贸易D. led to the Lend-Lease Act D. 导致了租借法案的出台【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词The Neutrality Act of 1939可定位到倒数第三段第二句，该处讲到“废弃了武器禁运，允许向交战国家现购自运出口武器”。换言之，允许对交战国家出口武器。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“对抗日本”

62、，属于无中生有；C选项“允许英国只与协约国进行贸易”，属于无中生有；D选项“导致了租借法案的出台”，文中没有提及两者关系，D选项属于过度推断。5.【选项释义】We entered the war against Germany _. 我们参加了对德战争_。A. because Germany declared war A. 因为德国宣战了B. because Japan was an ally of Germany B. 因为日本是德国的盟友C. after Germany had signed the Nazi-SovietC. 在德国签署了纳粹苏联条约之后D. after peaceful efforts had failed D. 在和平努力失败之后【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段，该处讲到“Germany declared war on the United States.”。因为前文一直讲到美国处于中立状态，所以德国宣战后美国才参加了对德战争。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“因为日本是德国的盟友”，属于无中生有；C选项“在德国签署了纳粹-苏联条约之后”，文中