2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷40

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Not having a good command of English can be a serious（ ）to preventing you fromachieving your goals.问题1选项A.impedimentB.faultC.offenseD.distress【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。impediment意为“妨碍，阻止”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；offense意为“犯罪，进攻”；distress意为“悲痛”。句意：不能很好地掌握英语可能妨碍你实现你的目标。2. 单选题At

2、present rates of demand, the world has enough oil in known and economically viable reserves to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years. Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall

3、. Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold. One distant day a difficult situation will come, but as it approaches, fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive. That is no reason t

4、o spend on nuclear right now.All oil shock is a more worrying prospect despite todays low oil price and OPECs present inability to budge it upwards. However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it. A higher oil price would have a relatively sma

5、ll effect on the supply of electricity-the only sort of energy that nuclear power can now provide. Just over a tenth of the worlds electricity is generated from oil, and the proportion has steadily fallen since 1970. Transport, by contrast, relies almost entirely upon oil, already swallowing half th

6、e worlds oil supply and likely to take an even larger chunk in the future. If the supply of oil were cut off tomorrow, billions of people would find themselves immobile. Relatively few would be without electricity.The congestion and pollution are serious problems, and they could try to restrict the

7、growth of car use, or promote cars which use less fuel. For governments keen to reduce electricitys dependence on oil still further, there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power.Climate change is a legitimate worry. Although still riddled with uncertainties, the sci

8、ence of climate change is becoming firmer: put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possible catastrophic results. But here again switching immediately to nuclear power is not the best response. Cutting the larger subsidies that go to the worlds coal produce

9、rs would help tilt the worlds energy balance towards natural gas, which gives off much less carbon dioxide. Developing countries subsidize electricity prices up to $120 billion a year, according to World Bank estimates. If price reflected the true costs of generation, electricity demand would fall,

10、thus, cutting greenhouse emissions.1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?2.Which of the following would NOT be true if an oil shock came soon?3.What is NOT mentioned as a way to prepare for an oil shock?4.What is meant by “cooking the earth”?5.What is the main aim of the passage?问题1选项A.Oil,

11、 gas and coal play an important role in energy supply.B.The more reserves, the greater demand there is for energy.C.There is no point in bothering about nuclear power at present.D.Some other forms of energy will replace fossil fuels someday.问题2选项A.It wouldnt affect much of the supply of electricity.

12、B.It would have great impact on transport.C.The world would be badly in need of nuclear plants.D.Oil price would go upwards.问题3选项A.Exploiting nuclear energy instead.B.Promoting cars which consume less fuel.C.Building up stock of oil for future consumption.D.Using coal or hydro power.问题4选项A.The earth

13、 is getting wanner as if fueled by carbon dioxide dischargers.B.Owing to the change of climate, there will be less oil reservesC.The power plant emits too much smoke and fume.D.Automobile exhausts give off too much carbon dioxide.问题5选项A.To reject the idea of turning to nuclear reactors for energy.B.

14、To demonstrate that there are alternative forms of energy.C.To defend oil consumption from the blame for greenhouse effect.D.To warn people of the inevitable exhaustion of fossil fuels.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companie

15、s explore more widely and costs fall.可知需求增多，储存随着增多，与B选项表达表述相反；C、D选项在第一段中虽有提及，但都只是一笔带过，因此A选项“石油、天然气和煤炭在能源供应中发挥着重要作用”是本段的主旨。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it.（然而，即使石油冲击是真正的危险，建造核反应堆并不是避免它的好方法）可知选C。第3题:由文章第二段中buildin

16、g nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it可知与A选项相符（虽然不是一种好的方法，但也属于一种方法）；第三段中promote cars which use less fuel可知B选项相符；第三段中there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power与D选项相符。通过排除法，选C，只有C选项没有在文章中提及。第4题:词义题。由文章第四段中put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might

17、 end up cooking the earth, with possible catastrophic results（在大气中放太多的碳，你可能最终会可能会造成灾难性的后果）的句意，可知A选项“地球变得越来越暖，好像被二氧化碳排放的燃料点燃”最为恰当。第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了石油、天然气和煤炭在能源供应中发挥着重要作用；第二段主要讲了石油的重要性及影响，提出了建造核反应堆应对石油危机的想法，因此排除A；第三段主要讲了减少拥堵和污染的方法，以及更便宜的核能替代品；最后一段主要讲了应对气候变化最好的方式是向天然气转变，因此B选项符合题意。3. 单选题Access to affo

18、rdable and reliable energy supplies is a necessary （ ）to economic development and poverty reduction.问题1选项A.facilityB.premiumC.prerequisiteD.feasibility【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。facility意为“设备”；premium意为“额外费用”；prerequisite意为“先决条件，前提，必要条件”；feasibility意为“可行性”。句意：获得负担得起、可靠的能源供应是经济发展和贫困减少的必要先决条件。4. 单选题To be rooted

19、is perhaps the most important and least recognized need of the human soul. Simone Weil argued in the mid-twentieth century. Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends; Second Life mimics real-life places with it

20、s homes, offices, and restaurants. What is different about mobile playgrounds is that mobile devices force real life and virtual life (and real places and virtual places) to try to coexist in a way they never have before.We want to see this as a good, enabling thingI can fire off that e-mail to the

21、office and then get back to relaxing on my vacation!but it is instructive to go to a playground today: even on a weekend, you will see parents engrossed in their iPhones and BlackBerrys while their children make increasingly loud bids for their attention. The November 2, 2009 cover of The New Yorker

22、 sadly and beautifully satirized this trend: it shows an illustration of children out trick-or-treating, basked in the glow of houselights, while their parents bask in the glow of the smart-phone in which they are rapt. Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connecte

23、d and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.And when we decide to leave home entirely, we find it difficult to leave the demands of work behind. Consider the cruise ship industry: every year, more than th

24、ree million people board a Carnival Cruise ship to take a vacation. They spend a great deal of time eating and gambling, and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another one that see

25、ms counterintuitive in vacationers eager to get away from it all: staying connected. With their twenty-four-hour Internet cafes, onboard WiFi, and an advertising campaign that features bikini-clad patrons lounging on deck chairs with laptop computers, Carnival Cruise Lines has enthusiastically respo

26、nded to the demands of patrons who seek an ideal of maritime escape but still want to check their e-mail several times a day.This, too, is the strange new world of leisure: never disconnected, and never really free from the demands of daily life. Notwithstanding all the talk of mobility, we find our

27、selves tethered in novel waysnot to a hometown, or to a particular social background, but to our devices themselves and the feeling of connection they provide, which we seemingly cannot sit still without.1.According to the first paragraph, what can we learn about MySpace and Second Life?2.When sayin

28、g it is instructive to go to a playground today, the author means that （ ）.3.The following statements are TRUE except（ ）.4.The word tethered in the last paragraph probably means（ ）.5.This passage is intended to （ ）.问题1选项A.They function as real life venues for entertainment.B.They deserve credit for

29、reflecting the human soul.C.As virtual playgrounds, they resemble reality in terms of place.D.Through mobile devices, they represent engagement with society.问题2选项A.smart phones are the culprit for the poor relations between parents and childrenB.responsible parents are supposed to engage their child

30、ren with outdoor activitiesC.playgrounds are the places for parents and children to spend time togetherD.peoples indulgence in staying connected can be witnessed there问题3选项A.people vacationing on Carnival Cruise ships have access to the Internet todayB.eating and gambling are the exclusive things pe

31、ople can enjoy on cruise shipsC.Carnival Cruise Lines cater to vacationers demands to stay in contact with othersD.peoples desire to remain connected makes it difficult for them to escape from work问题4选项A.confinedB.disconnectedC.immuneD.indifferent问题5选项A.analyze the various reasons for humans to sett

32、le downB.advocate the necessity of virtual connection in leisure timeC.enumerate the enormous benefits of mobile devices for work and lifeD.highlight the transformation of mobility through ubiquitous connection【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage

33、to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends”; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants.（即使是我们的虚拟游戏场地，也会对对位置的深刻需求表示敬意：MySpace直到最近才被称为“朋友的地方”；Second Life模仿现实生活中的地方，有它自己的家、办公室和餐馆）可知选C。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段Even our leisure ti

34、me, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connected and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.（就连我们的闲暇时间，似乎也被我们保持联系的需要所占据，这是一个不断的斗争，以限制我们与虚拟世界的接触，以便我们能够处理我们面前的真实世界）可推测作者认为人们太沉溺于虚拟世界，而忽略现实世界，因此提

35、出如今去操场是很有教育意义的，故选D。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中They spend a great deal of time eating and gambling, and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another one that seems counterintuitive in vacatione

36、rs eager to get away from it all: staying connected. 可知B选项是人们过去在游轮上的主要消遣方式，不再适合如今的需求。第4题:词义题。confine意为“限制”；disconnect意为“切断”；immune意为“免疫的”；indifferent意为“漠不关心的”。由we find ourselves tethered in novel ways（我们发现自己被新的方式束缚住了）可知选A。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了移动设备让人们时刻保持联系以及对生活的影响，强调无处不在的联系带来的影响，因此选D。5. 单选题In spite of t

37、he（ ） economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。gloomy意为“黑暗的，沮丧的，前景黯淡的”；miserable意为“痛苦的，可怜的”；shadowy意为“朦胧的，模糊的”；obscure意为“昏暗的，朦胧的”。句意：尽管经济预测不景气，制造业产出略有上升。6. 单选题As educational system become universal, more and more people we

38、re exposed to abstract learning rather than to the practical（ ）of specific skills.问题1选项A.transportationB.transactionC.transmissionD.translation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。transportation意为“运送，运输”；transaction意为“交易，业务”；transmission意为“传播，传递”；translation意为“翻译”。句意：随着教育体系的普及，越来越多的人接触到抽象的学习，而不是具体技能的实际传授。7. 单选题What you

39、overheard that day did have something to do with Martin （ ）.问题1选项A.in a wayB.in the wayC.on the wayD.out of the way【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。in a way意为“在某种程度上”；in the way意为“妨碍”；on the way意为“在途中，接近”；out of the way意为“偏远”。句意：你那天无意中听到的事确实与马丁在某种程度上有关。8. 单选题He （ ）his head, wondering how to solve the problem.问题1选项A.

40、scrappedB.screwedC.scrapedD.scratched【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。scrap意为“废弃，报废”；screw意为“旋紧，拧紧”；scrape意为“刮，擦”；scratch意为“挠，搔，抓”。句意：他挠他的头，不知如何解决这个问题。9. 单选题The medicine（ ）his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.activatedB.mediatedC.alleviatedD.deteriorated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。activate意为“使活动，触发”；mediate意为“调解，调停”；all

41、eviate意为“减轻，缓和”；deteriorate意为“使恶化”。句意：药物缓解了他的疼痛，但并没有治愈他的疾病。10. 单选题Which of the following sentences expresses probability?问题1选项A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight oclock.D.You must complete reading assignment on time.【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。题干：下面哪个句子表达“

42、可能性”？must作情态动词，可以表示命令或推测。B选项表示推测，其他选项表示命令。11. 单选题By （ ）all of the more difficult questions by the press, the mayor aroused suspicion that he was not well informed in the issues.问题1选项A.avoidingB.consideringC.answeringD.requesting【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。avoid意为“避免”；consider意为“考虑”；answer意为“答复”；request意为“要求”。句意

43、：通过回避媒体提出的所有更棘手的问题，市长引起了人们的怀疑，人们认为他不了解这个问题。12. 单选题Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were

44、 the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just mental noise the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat

45、 regulating moods while the brain is off-line And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, its your dream says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos

46、Medical Center. If you dont like it, change it.Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric NofZinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain

47、are equally involved, the limbic system (the emotional brain) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet, We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. Willi

48、am Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Becaus

49、e our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As so

50、on as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream, visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, theres probably litt

51、le reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of we wake up in a panic”. Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapi

52、st. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings, sleep-or rather dream-on it and youll feel better in the morning.1.Researchers have come to believe that dreams（ ）.2.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show（ ）.3.The negative feelings generated duri

53、ng the day tend to（ ）.4.Cartwright seems to suggest that（ ）.5.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?问题1选项A.can be modified in their coursesB.are susceptible to emotional changesC.reflect our innermost desires and fearsD.are a random outcome of neural repairs问题2选项A.

54、its function in our dreamsB.the mechanism of REM sleepC.the relation of dreams to emotionsD.its difference from the prefrontal cortex问题3选项A.aggravate in our unconscious mind.B.develop into happy dreams.C.persist till the time we fall asleep.D.show up in dreams early at night.问题4选项A.waking up in time

55、 is essential to the ridding of bad dreamsB.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con trollC.dreams should be left to their natural progressionD.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious问题5选项A.Lead your life as usual.B.Seek professional help.C.Exercise conscious control.D.Avoid anx

56、iety in the daytime.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.（一位权威人士说，这些强大的精神事件不仅可以被利用，而且实际上可以在有意识的控制下，帮助我们睡眠和感

57、觉更好）its your dream says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center. If you dont like it, change it.可知选A。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中the limbic system (the emotional brain) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex is relatively quiet, We wake up from dreams happy of depressed,

58、and those feelings can stay with us all day 可知边缘系统（“情感大脑”）特别活跃，梦里的感觉会影响一天的情绪，因此选C，作者是为了说明梦与情绪的关系。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during

59、 the day.（大多数人在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，在快醒来之前，会逐渐做一些更开心的梦，这意味着他们在克服白天产生的负面情绪）因此选D。第4题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.（而该过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们练习有意识地控制反复出现的恶梦）可知D选项“做梦可能并不完全属于无意识”符合题意。第5题:

60、细节事实题。由文章最后一段中theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of we wake up in a panic”可知只要梦不使我们无法入睡或从梦中惊醒，就几乎没有理由关注我们做的梦，因此对有时做梦的人来说，像以往正常的生活就行，故选A。13. 单选题Glass （ ）provide a useful function in sectioning off and enclosing an area when the desire

61、d effect is to maintain visual transparency.问题1选项A.separationsB.segregationsC.partitionsD.isolations【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。separation意为“分离，分开”；segregation意为“隔离”；partition意为“划分”；isolation意为“隔离”。句意：玻璃分割提供一个有用的功能，在切断和包围某一区域时，所预期的效果是保持视觉的透明度。14. 单选题Those figures are not consistent （ ）the results obtained in pr

62、evious experiments.问题1选项A.toB.withC.forD.in【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。be consistent with意为“与一致，与符合”。句意：数据与之前的实验结果不一致。15. 单选题Early in the 1900s, the use of trucks to hand commercial（ ）developed almost simultaneously with the first widespread use of the automobile.问题1选项A.vehiclesB.equipmentC.workersD.merchandise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。vehicle意为“车辆”；equipment意为“设备，装备”；worker意为“工 人，员工”；merchandise意为“商品，货品”。句意：20世纪初，运送商品的卡车基本上是和广泛使用的汽车一同发展的。16. 单选题Hurricanes are killer winds, and their （ ）power l