2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷24

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground （ ） with papers, bottles and cans.问题1选项A.scrubbedB.usedC.litteredD.dispersed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项scrubbed“擦洗；废止；揉搓”；B选项used“用”；C选项littered“乱丢；给垫褥草；把弄得乱七八糟；乱扔废弃物”；D选项dispersed“分散；传播”。句意：音乐会结束后，清扫人员发现地上布满包装纸和瓶瓶罐罐

2、。本句表示“包装纸和瓶瓶罐罐被乱扔在地上”，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Mario was awarded the medal for displaying professional（ ）of the highest order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago.问题1选项A.supervisionB.intelligenceC.solutionD.competence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。supervision “监督”； intelligence “智力；才智”solution “解决办法”； competence “能力，胜任”。根据

3、关键词professional “专业的”及rescue attempts “救援努力”可推断此处讲的是“专业能力”，因此选项D符合题意。3. 不定项选择题Before 1945, hardly anyone outside of New Mexico had ever heard of Alamogordo. In 1960 its population numbered 21,723. Ever since 1898, when the town had been built by the Southern Pacific Railroad, Alamogordo had been a l

4、onely town. The land around it was largely desert, and largely empty.Because it was isolated and because the weather was almost always clear and peaceful, a spot of desert near Alamogordo was chosen as the last site for the first atomic bomb ever exploded.At dawn on July 16, 1945, the atomic bomb wa

5、s set off. Observers agreed that they had witnessed something unlike anything ever seen by men before, a huge, colorful fireball, more brilliant than the sun flashing as it rose for miles into the air. Never before had men released so much power at one time, nor had any nation ever possessed weapon

6、as terrible and destructive as the atomic bomb.For several weeks, the test was kept secret. When an atomic bomb was dropped from an American plane on Hiroshima, Japan, newspapers and radio stations all over America told of the test of the bomb in New Mexico. Almost everybody was amazed to learn wher

7、e the bomb had been made and tested; the deserts of the Southwest had hidden the secret well.When news of the atomic bomb and its destructiveness was announced, people all over the world wondered what other new weapons were being prepared in the New Mexico desert. Some people doubted that the secret

8、 of making atomic bombs could be kept from other countries. Some even doubted the wisdom of using so powerful a weapon. But no one doubted that a new kind of warand a new kind of worldhad begun at Alamogordo, one summer morning in 1945.1. Alamogordo was chosen as the test site mainly because（ ）.2. W

9、hich of the following is the tone of this passage?3. This passage is mainly about（ ）.4. After the first atomic bomb explosion, everybody agreed that（ ）.5. When was the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima?问题1选项A.its location would hide the secret wellB.it always had an enjoyable climateC.it was situated

10、 in southwestern New MexicoD.it was connected to other cities by a railway问题2选项A.Encouragement.B.Fear.C.Anxiety.D.None of the above.问题3选项A.the selection of the test site for the first atomic bombB.the destructive force of the first atomic bombC.the secret of AlamogordoD.nuclear war问题4选项A.it was not

11、wise to use such a powerful weaponB.it was wise to choose Alamogordo as the test siteC.man had entered the age of nuclearD.it was not possible to keep the technology of making atomic bombs secret问题5选项A.At dawn on July 16, 1945.B.Several weeks after the test.C.As soon as the secret was revealed.D.Imm

12、ediately after the test.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“chosen as the test site”可以定位到文章第二段Because it was isolated and because the weather was almost always clear and peaceful, a spot of desert near Alamogordo was chosen as the last site for the first atomic bomb ever exploded.（由于地处

13、偏僻，而且天气几乎总是晴朗平和，阿拉莫戈多附近的一处沙漠被选为有史以来第一颗原子弹爆炸的最后地点。），说明选择阿拉莫戈多作为试验地点的原因是它地处偏僻，同时第四段最后一句也说到Almost everybody was amazed to learn where the bomb had been made and tested; the deserts of the Southwest had hidden the secret well.（几乎每个人都惊讶地得知炸弹是在哪里制造和测试的；西南部的沙漠很好地隐藏了这个秘密。），说明偏僻的沙漠能很好地隐藏秘密，是选择其作为试验地点的原因。因此A选

14、项“它的位置能很好地隐藏秘密”正确。B选项“它总是气候宜人”，根据原文可知，天气好是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因，所以B错误。C选项“它位于新墨西哥州西南部”只是介绍了阿拉莫戈多的位置，没有说明选择它作为试验地点的原因，所以C错误。D选项“它通过铁路与其他城市相连”，原文只说它是由南太平洋铁路公司建成的，没有说它和其他城市相连，所以D错误。第2题:观点态度题。文章首先介绍了阿拉莫戈多的背景，然后描述了原子弹爆炸事件和人们对其的反应，整体是站在一个比较客观的态度来讲述事件经过的，没有加入个人的情感。A选项“鼓励”，B选项“恐惧”，C选项“焦虑”均不符合文章基调，因此D选项“以上都不是”正确。第3

15、题:主旨大意题。文章主要围绕阿拉莫戈多这个地点展开叙述，首先介绍了它的位置和地理环境，引出下文它作为原子弹爆炸秘密试验地点，这个秘密公开时所有人都感到很惊讶，因此C选项“阿拉莫戈多的秘密”符合文章主旨。A选项“第一颗原子弹试验地点的选定”，B选项“第一颗原子弹的破坏力”，D选项“核战争”都只说明了文章的一部分，不能代表全文的主旨，所以A，B，D错误。第4题:推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句But no one doubted that a new kind of warand a new kind of worldhad begun at Alamogordo, one sum

16、mer morning in 1945.（但没有人怀疑，一场新的战争一个新的世界在1945年夏天的一个早晨，从阿拉莫戈多开始了。），1945年夏天的早晨说明是第一颗原子弹爆炸的时间，新的战争和世界开始了说明人类开始使用原子弹等核武器，进入了核武器时代。因此C选项“人类已经进入了核时代”正确。A选项“使用如此强大的武器是不明智的”只是部分人的想法，所以A错误。B选项“选择阿拉莫戈多作为试验地点是明智之举”，D选项“制造原子弹的技术不可能保密”在文中没有提及，所以B，D错误。第5题:客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句For several weeks, the test was ke

17、pt secret. When an atomic bomb was dropped from an American plane on Hiroshima, Japan, newspapers and radio stations all over America told of the test of the bomb in New Mexico.（几个星期以来，试验一直保密。当一颗原子弹从美国飞机投到日本广岛时，美国各地的报纸和广播电台都在报道新墨西哥州的原子弹试验。），说明在试验之后过了几周才正式投放原子弹。因此B选项“试验过后几周”正确。A选项“1945年7月16日黎明时分”，由原文

18、可知这是试验的时间，不是在广岛投下原子弹的时间，所以A错误。C选项“秘密一经披露后”，当在广岛投下原子弹之后，试验的秘密才被揭露，所以C错误。D选项“试验后立即投放”，由原文可知是过了几周后才投放的，所以D错误。4. 翻译题Translate the following part into English.需要强调指出的是，国际金融危机没有改变中国经济发展的基本面和长期向好的趋势。回顾去年，我们坚定信心、迎难而上，保持了中国经济平稳较快发展。筹划今年，我们有能力处理复杂局面，继续保持中国经济平稳较快发展。展望未来，我们有条件实 现中国经济长期平稳较快发展。【答案】It should be st

19、ressed that, despite the international financial crisis, the fundamentals and long-term positive trend of Chinas economic development remains unchanged. Last year, we acted with resolve and confronted challenges head-on, and succeeded in ensuring steady and fast economic growth. As we draw plans for

20、 this year, we are confident that we can stay on top of the complicated situation and maintain the steady and fast growth of the Chinese economy. Looking ahead, we are well positioned to achieve long term, fast and steady economic growth.5. 单选题He was given a present in（ ）of his work for the business

21、.问题1选项A.honorB.realizationC.acknowledgementD.encouragement【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项honor“荣誉”；B选项realization“实现，认识”；C选项acknowledgement“承认，感谢”；D选项encouragement“鼓励”。句意：他得到一份礼物，以感谢他为公司所做的工作。本句表示感谢他做的工作。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Fundamentally, income disparity describes two disparate groups: rich and poor. It is hardly ne

22、ws that the rich are getting richer. The underlying story is a familiar one: the wealthiest households own the most assets, namely stocks, and asset prices have risen at a ferocious pace in recent years. Beyond the standard explanation, it is also the case that the emergence of technology, rising pr

23、oductivity, and an expanding global market have brought forth a new upper class among corporations. These newly wealthy firms pay skilled employees well and in an ever-tighter labor market, they are forced to constantly sweeten their employees compensation.Then there are the poor, where conditions a

24、re a little murky. Falling unemployment, anecdotal evidence of rising starting wages for low-level service jobs, and the relative non-event of welfare reform so far suggest that conditions at the low end are improving. Yet at the same time, whole communities under siege by crime and hopelessness can

25、not be ignored.That said, income inequality as a blanket indictment on our economic system does not fly. Income disparity is the gas that runs our economic engine. The ability to someday earn more, to live at a higher standard, is what gets people out of bed in the morning, particularly in our consu

26、mer-oriented economy. Income disparity only becomes a problem if it widens to the extent that the labor force believes that greater wealth can only be achieved by the already wealthy.Indeed, it is unreasonable to state that income disparity is eroding the labor forces will to improve productivity an

27、d move ahead. Increasing labor force participation, record homeownership, surging consumer confidence and spending, near-record levels of immigration, and urban renewal are all anecdotal evidence that hopes are high. All types of people are flourishing in the New Economy and there is sufficient evid

28、ence to suggest that most still want their shot at the brass ring.So why are there still very poor households in this country? There are many reasons. Our economy is shifting towards the production of higher value goods and services. Unskilled labor is not valued to the degree that it once was, and

29、unskilled workers are paid accordingly. There has also been a recent surge of immigration into the U.S. Many migrants to this country, particularly those who are unskilled or language challenged, require time to be absorbed into our economy. If skills are lacking, it may take a generation or two to

30、move ahead.It is also important to remember that it is not the ultimate goal of every person to be fabulously rich. One of the fundamentals of economics is that one decides how hard to work, where to work, and what risks to take. Monetary wealth is not the sole means of maximizing utility. Each pers

31、on has a finite life span and finite abilities; it is up to the individual to apply those as they see fit. The wealthy getting wealthier is not always evidence to others that they themselves are falling behind.1. In the authors country,（ ）may benefit from the development of its economy.2. Which of t

32、he following statements is TRUE?3. The author believes that income disparity will（ ）.4. The main idea presented in the last paragraph is that（ ）.问题1选项A.the wealthy rather than the poorB.all the immigrantsC.only skilled employeesD.all the people问题2选项A.Every person wants to become rich.B.Unskilled peo

33、ple tend to be poor.C.Most immigrants are very poor.D.The wealthy is getting wealthier问题3选项A.be gradually narrowedB.disappear sooner or laterC.persist as ever beforeD.be more and more widened问题4选项A.not every person is willing to become as wealthy as possibleB.what a person pursues in the world is no

34、t monetary wealthC.each individual knows exactly what his ultimate goal isD.it is understandable for the wealthy to get wealthier【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者的国家，哪类人受益于经济的发展？”文章第四段最后一句话提到“所有人都在新经济中发展”(All types of people are flourishing in the New Economy)，因此选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪

35、个表述是正确的？”文章第五段提到“非技术劳动力的偿付水平与以前不同了”（Unskilled labor is not valued to the degree that it once was, and unskilled workers are paid accordingly），选项B“非技术人员倾向贫穷”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为收入差距将”。文章第三段第一句话提到“收入差距是驱动经济引擎的汽油”（Income disparity is the gas that runs our economic engine），因此它不可能消失，所以选项C“一直存在”符合题意。4.

36、主旨大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到变得富有并不是每个人的最终目标（It is also important to remember that it is not the ultimate goal of every person to be fabulously rich），因此选项A符合题意。7. 单选题The depth of the novel and the value of its artistic and ideological feature do not depend on the theme either（ ）or significan

37、t.问题1选项A.preliminaryB.versatileC.trivialD.alternate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。preliminary “初步的”； versatile “多才多艺的”；trivial “不重要的”； alternate “交替的”。根据or significant可知空格处词语的意思应该与significant相反，因此选项C符合题意。8. 单选题It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are impossible t

38、o reverse.问题1选项A.sensationalB.emotionalC.horribleD.striking【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sensational“轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的”；B选项emotional“情绪的；易激动的；感动人的”；C选项horrible“可怕的；极讨厌的”；D选项striking“显著的，突出的，惊人的；打击的；罢工的”。句意：人们现在认为，家庭结构的显著变化虽然令人遗憾，但是不可能逆转的。本句关键词dramatic表示“巨大的；急剧的；引人注目的；令人激动的；戏剧的”，在句中可和striking（显著的）做同义替换；因此D选

39、项正确。9. 单选题Weve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes, two conditions affecting millions of Americans. What we are finding out now is those same lifestyle factors also play an important role in cancer.

40、 Thats the bad news. The good news is you can do something about your lifestyle. If we grew thinner, exercised regularly, avoided diets rich in red meat and ate diets rich in fruits and vegetables, and stopped using tobacco, we would prevent 70 percent of all cancers.The strongest evidence of the im

41、portance of lifestyle in cancer is most common cancers arise at dramatically different rates in different parts of the globe. Several cancers that are extremely common in the United States colon, prostate and breast cancer are relatively rare in other parts of the world, occurring only 1/10 or 1/20

42、as often. Equally striking, when people migrate from other parts of the world to the United States, within a generation their cancer rates approach those of us whose families have lived in this country for a long time. Even if people in other parts of the world live in their own countries, but adopt

43、 a U.S. lifestyle, their risk of cancer rises; as Japanese have embraced Western habits, their rates of colon, breast and prostate cancer have skyrocketed.What is it about our lifestyle that raises the risk of many types of cancer? The main culprits seem to be the Western diet, obesity and physical

44、inactivity. While weve known about the importance of tobacco and cancer for more than 50 years, we are just beginning to understand how diet, a healthy body weight and regular exercise can protect us against cancer.A striking example of the profound influence of diet was reported last summer in The

45、Journal of the American Medical Association. Doctors determined the eating habits of patients with colon cancer in the years following surgical removal of the cancer. Over the next five years, those who ate a traditional Western diet had a threefold greater likelihood of developing a recurrence of t

46、he disease than did those who ate a “prudent” diet rich in fruits and vegetables and including only small amounts of red meat. How had diet affected these patients? The surgery clearly had not removed all their colon-cancer cells: prior to the surgery, some cells had already spread from the primary

47、tumor. The Western diet had somehow stimulated the growth of these small deposits of residual cancer cells.Obesity is the second most important factor in causing cancer in Western populations after tobacco. There is evidence that maintaining a healthy weight is protective against the disease. A stud

48、y by the American Cancer Society in 2003 found the heaviest people, in comparison with the leanest, had a significantly increased risk of death from 10 different kinds of cancer in men, and 12 different kinds in women. The most extreme examples were liver cancer in men and uterine cancer in women.1.

49、 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is true?2. The striking example in The Journal of the American Medical Association aims to prove（ ）.3. Which of the following statement is true as to paragraph 5?4. According to the passage, which one has the highest probability in resulti

50、ng in cancer?5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.The rate of several extremely common cancers in the U.S is higher by 1/10 or 1/20.B.Different rates of most common cancers in different regions result from different lifestyles.C.People who migrate to the United States h

51、ave high cancer rates after a generation.D.If people out of the western world stay at home their risk or cancer wont rise.问题2选项A.surgical removal is not reliable because it could not eliminate all cancer cells of colon cancer.B.the five years following surgeiy is dangerous in that there is much like

52、 hood to have recurrence.C.The Journal of the American Medical Association often reports the latest discovery in science.D.Western diet, in some uncertain way, excites the growth of cancer cells after the surgery.问题3选项A.According to a study, the heaviest people are most likely to die of liver cancer

53、.B.The heaviest men are likely to die of more kinds of cancers than the heaviest women.C.Scientists predict that the heaviest people are more likely to die of cancers.D.Tobacco is the most important factor in causing cancer in Western populations.问题4选项A.Obesity, western diet and habitat.B.Obesity, l

54、ack of exercises and western diet.C.Obesity, lack of exercises and type 2 diabetes.D.Western diet, lack of exercises and heart disease.问题5选项A.How to Cure CancerB.Obesity and CancerC.Diet and CancerD.Lifestyle and Cancer【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第二段可知下面哪个表述是正确的？”文章第二段第一句话提到“生活方

55、式在癌症形成方面的重要性的最有力的证据是：大多数常见癌症在全球不同地区的发病率存在显著差异”（The strongest evidence of the importance of lifestyle in cancer is most common cancers arise at dramatically different rates in different parts of the globe），由此可知选项B“不同地区最常见癌症的不同发病率是由不同的生活方式引起的”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“美国医学会杂志上刊登的这个引人注目的例子是为了证明”。文章第四段最后一句话提到“

56、西方饮食以某种方式刺激了这些残留癌细胞的生长”（The Western diet had somehow stimulated the growth of these small deposits of residual cancer cells），因此选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项表述是正确的？”文章第五段第一句话提到“在西方国家，肥胖是导致癌症的第二大因素，仅次于烟草”（The Western diet had somehow stimulated the growth of these small deposits of residual cancer cells）

57、，因此可知烟草是致癌的最重要因素，选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据这篇文章，哪一个最有可能导致癌症？”文章第一段提到“我们现在发现同样的生活方式因素在癌症中也起着重要的作用”（What we are finding out now is those same lifestyle factors also play an important role in cancer），这些生活方式指得是a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise，因此选项B符合题意。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合文章的标题是哪一项？”文章第一段提到高脂肪饮食

58、、肥胖和缺乏锻炼这些生活方式在癌症的形成方面扮演一个重要的角色，随后的内容都是对此进行论述，由此可知整篇文章都是在讲述生活方式与癌症的关系，因此选项D符合题意。10. 单选题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, politica

59、l and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it because building new educational systems there

60、and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically h

61、igher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S. economic perform

62、ance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counter parts a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the

63、 job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, th