2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷2

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1、2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As we move into the 21st century the concept of reading was recognized by most as involving a much more complex set of skills than had been understood in the past. Todays culture requires readers to be able not only to read for pleasure and information but to

2、ask questions of the text, to recognize how the writer tries to position the reader, and to become what is called a “critical” reader.The simple Venn diagram that had been used to depict the language cueing systems in the age of making meaning (Figure below) has evolved to a more complex diagram tha

3、t includes the impact of culture and context on a reader as well as the roles that the reader must take on in order to be effective.Reading and the teaching of reading have become more complex and reach out across a wider and wider audience, so that we now accept that we are lifelong learners of rea

4、dingor, to be more precise, of literacy. We accept that we will learn new skills in new contexts. It is a K-adult curriculum now.However, it is an age when politics and politicians have taken control of the literacy agenda. This is not surprising, as those who dont have high levels of literacy are m

5、ore likely to end up on some sort of social support and thus are viewed as a “burden” to society. So, in order to save money in the long-term, ”it seems politicians have agreed that literacy begins in the early years. And they are finally prepared to support this concept.1.According to the passage,

6、a critical reader should be able to （ ）.2.From the context of the passage we can infer the possible meaning of “K-adult curriculum (Paragraph 3)” as（ ）.3.In the diagram we can infer that the features of text analyst practices mainly involves（ ）.问题1选项A.appreciate and interpret the readings holistical

7、ly in various dimensions and approachesB.evaluate the passage with cultural background and contextC.read and apprehend the information of the passages with various and comprehensive techniques of readingD.deduct the theme of passage with neutral and critical view问题2选项A.a curriculum of reading course

8、 with comprehensive skills for adult learnersB.a course plan with combination skills of both culture and context interpretation in readingC.a lifelong reading teaching schedule from childhood (Kindergarten) to adulthoodD.a reading course plan with various knowledge for adult reader问题3选项A.clear separ

9、ation from code breaker practices but close relation with text user practicesB.the graphophonic, semantic and syntactic cues and related to the text user practices and other reading practices at foundation portionsC.the study of semantic and syntactic characters but less of graphic and phonetic elem

10、ents about the passagesD.mainly syntactic cues which seems not to be related to code breaker practices【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段：“Todays culture requires readers to be able not only to read for pleasure and information but to ask questions of the text, to recognize how the writer tries to po

11、sition the reader, and to become what is called a “critical” reader.今天的文化要求读者不仅能够阅读快乐和信息，而且能够对文本提出问题，认识到作者试图给读者定位的方式，并成为所谓的“批判性”读者。”可知C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息”正确，A项“从不同的角度和方法全面理解阅读材料”；B项“用文化背景和语境来评价文章；C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息” ；D项“以中立和批判的观点演绎文章的主题”。2.判断推理题。定位到第三段: we now accept that we are l

12、ifelong learners of readingor, to be more precise, of literacy我们现在承认，我们是阅读的终生学习者，或者更准确地说，是读写能力的终生学习者。可知C项“从儿童(幼儿园)到成人的终身阅读教学计划”正确。3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“The simple Venn diagram that had been used to depict the language cueing systems in the age of making meaning (Figure below) has evolved to a more complex

13、diagram that includes the impact of culture and context on a reader as well as the roles that the reader must take on in order to be effective. 简单的维恩图被用来描述语言提示系统（下图）制造时代的含义已经进化到更复杂的图,包括文化和语境的影响读者以及读者的角色必须是有效的。”可知B项“在基础部分，与文本用户实践和其他阅读实践相关的书面、语义和语法线索”正确。2. 单选题（ ） at a music store was one of Lil Armstr

14、ongs first professional jobs as a young pianist when she came to Chicago in 1917.问题1选项A.Demonstration tunesB.Demonstrating tunesC.Demonstrate tunesD.Tunes that demonstrated【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：Lil Armstrong 1917年来到芝加哥时，作为年轻的钢琴家的第一份专业工作是在音乐商店里演奏曲调。空格处所填单词与后面部分一起构成名词短语做整个句子的主语。C项demonstrate是动词，不能做主语。 A、

15、D两项中tunes是复数,而谓语动词是was,故排除。3. 单选题Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspective on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm o

16、f single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it sho

17、uld extend human perception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940s,electron microscopes rout

18、inely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illum

19、ination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays.The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map

20、 the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means

21、that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells i

22、n many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instrum

23、ents.1.What is the theme does the passage mainly discuss?2.Why does the author mention the visible-light microscope in the first paragraph?3.Why did it take so long to develop the X-ray microscope?4.Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about X-ray microscopes in the future?问

24、题1选项A.The detail seen through a microscope.B.Outdated microscopic techniques.C.Sources of illumination for microscopes.D.A new kind of microscope问题2选项A.To put the X-ray microscope in a historical perspective.B.To begin a discussion of sixteenth-century discoveries.C.To show how limited its uses are.

25、D.To explain how it functioned.问题3选项A.Funds for research were insufficient.B.The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently.C.Materials used to manufacture X-ray tubes were difficult to obtain.D.X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.问题4选项A.They will probably replace elec

26、tron microscope altogether.B.They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.C.They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes.D.They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“Now another typ

27、e of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. 现在，另一种显微镜，利用x射线而不是光或电子，提供了一种观察微小细节的不同方法;它应该把人类的感知能力进一步扩展到自然界。”及第二段“The dream of building an X-ray micros

28、cope dates to 1895; 制造x射线显微镜的梦想可以追溯到1895年”可知本文讲的是一种新的显微镜，故D项正确。2.判断推理题。定位第一段中“Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspective on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. 显微技术的每一个进步都给科学家提供了新视角对生物体的功能和物质本身的性质。”及“The invention of the visible-l

29、ight microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. 16世纪晚期可视光学显微镜的发明引入了单细胞植物和动物的未知领域。在二十世纪，电子显微镜提供了对病毒和微小表面结构的直接

30、观察。”可知提及可见光显微镜的目的是 “从历史的角度来看待x射线显微镜”故A项正确。3.细节事实题。定位第二段中“In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes

31、, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays. 然而，近年来，人们对x射线显微镜的兴趣又复活了，这在很大程度上是由于x射线照明新光源等技术的发展。结果，今天可用的亮度是x射线管的数百万倍，在本世纪的大部分时间里，x射线管是唯一可用的软x射线源。可知B项“直到最近，光源才足够明亮。”正确，ACD三项都没有提及。答案B。4.判断推理题。定位最后一段中 “Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations

32、 that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments. 相反，它们的特殊性质将使研究成为可能，这将补充那些用光和电子仪器进行的研究。可知C项“X射线将提供其他种类的显微镜无法提供的信息。”正确。4. 单选题During periods of social stability, many art academies are so firmly controlled by dogmatists that all real creative work must be done by the （

33、）.问题1选项A.eliteB.disenfranchisedC.reactionariesD.dissatisfied【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及名词辨析。elite “精英；精华”；disenfranchised “被剥夺权利的”，the disenfranchised “被剥夺权利的人”； reactionaries “反动派”；dissatisfied “不满意的；不高兴的” 。句意： 在社会稳定时期，很多艺术学院被教条主义者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有创意的作品必须由那些被剥夺了权利的人完成。由“controlled by dogmatists被教条主义者控制”及“real crea

34、tive work真正有创意的作品”的对应知“真正有创意的作品都是由艺术学院里被剥夺了权利的人来完成。被教条主义控制意味着被剥夺了权利。5. 单选题Despite a tendency to be overtly （ ）, the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment, as well as pious sentiments.问题1选项A.divertingB.whimsicalC.didacticD.deceitful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。d

35、iverting有趣的，令人快乐的；whimsical古怪的，异想天开的；didactic 说教的，教诲的；deceitful欺诈的。 句意：尽管趋势是明显的说教，但是中世纪的诗歌经常激发人们想象力，提供生动的乐趣以及虔诚的感情。由despite及下文可知空格处所填的单词与后文意思相反。6. 单选题Whenever I worried that our connection might be fading, I opened the drawer and felt his energy （ ）around me like a freed canary.问题1选项A.flutter upB.ad

36、here toC.flash backD.queue up【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。flutter up “扑闪起来”；adhere to “坚持；粘附”；flash back“；反射”；queue up“排队等候”。句意：每当我担心我们之间的联系会逐渐淡去时，我就打开抽屉，感受他的活力就像一只放飞自由的金丝雀围绕着我。由 like a freed canary可知A项符合语境，答案A7. 单选题Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation to be a product of

37、 selection at the level of populations; recent studies of evolution, however, have found no basis for this （ ）view of selection.问题1选项A.controversialB.pervasiveC.unchallengedD.renowned【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controversial“有争议的”；B选项pervasive“普遍的；到处渗透的”；C选项unchallenged“不成问题的；未引起争论的”；D选项renowned“著名的；有声望的”。句

38、意：大约在1960年以前，几乎所有的进化理论都认为适应性是种群水平上的选择的结果；然而，对于这种 的选择观点，进化论的最新研究却没有找到任何依据。前部分提到“几乎所有进化理论都认为 ”，可知这种观点是“普遍的”，B选项正确。8. 单选题For people with disabilities recent improvements have made the theatre fully （ ）by wheel-chair.问题1选项A.accessibleB.availableC.pertinentD.transparent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项accessible“易接近的

39、；可进入的”；B选项available“可获得的；有空的”；C选项pertinent“恰当的；切题的”；D选项transparent“透明的；显然的”。句意：对于残疾人来说，最近的改进使剧院完全可以由轮椅 。此处涉及“剧院”和“轮椅”，显然A选项符合逻辑。9. 单选题The French and the Americans have a very different relationship to money, （ ）and ostentation.问题1选项A.obnoxiousB.obfuscateC.optimumD.opulence【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。 obnoxious

40、讨厌的； obfuscate使模糊； optimum最佳效果； opulence富裕。句意：法国人和美国人在对待金钱，奢华，以及炫富的关系上大不相同。空格处应填入一个和money并列的名词。10. 写作题Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic “Cultural Difference and Integration according to the idea given below in Chinese.不同文化是各民族社会生活存在和发展的外在表现形式，其差异性表现有适应于其文化个性发展的环境、条件和进程，但是国际化的发展使得

41、文化的融合和整合成为必然的趋势，在这一潮流中文化的融合和民族文化的传承和个性发扬似乎是矛盾的存 在，谈谈你的看法和主张。【答案】范文：Cultural Difference and Integration11. 单选题When my doctor told me the results of all the tests, I was sure my illness was fatal and certain that I was going to die. One of my first （1）was that I would be leaving（2） me so much that was

42、 unfinished. I told my friends that the（3）on my tombstone should read:“Grade of Incomplete.” That（4） 一 my life, and I regretted my delays and（5）. I wished that I had more time to do it all over again the（6） way. But deep inside I felt such a wish was useless. I（7） no recourse but to spend my remaini

43、ng months in a gradual state of（8）,too weak, too sick and too（9） in my dying to do much else, I cried a lot and felt very sorry（10）myself.After the operation to remove the tumor, my（11） told me that I was cured. At first, I didnt（12）him. I thought he was humoring me, stringing me（13）because he wante

44、d me to be happy in my final months.（14）,though, I began to believe that he was telling me the truth and that I did indeed have a life（15） of me. Because I didnt want my（16）simply to become a bad memory, I started to change the way I ran my life. I finished the photography project that summer. Then

45、I applied for（17）at my local college in the fall. Within a year I had chosen（18）.Im still working on getting that degree. Most important of all, my children and I took that（19）wed always talked about. We took another one in the winter, too. At the end of five years I realized that I had rebuilt my l

46、ifes patterns. And now each day is more fulfilling than（20） . Thats something I couldnt say before the day that cancer struck.问题1选项A.rehabilitationsB.realizationsC.inspirationsD.experiences问题2选项A.behindB.forC.beforeD.confront问题3选项A.descriptionB.prescriptionC.inscriptionD.inspiration问题4选项A.summed upB

47、.concludedC.ended upD.shortened问题5选项A.conditionB.excusesC.exceedsD.exemplar问题6选项A.correctB.dorsalC.erraticD.right问题7选项A.inferredB.imaginedC.intendedD.imitated问题8选项A.corrosionB.permeationC.interventionD.deterioration问题9选项A.absorbedB.sobbedC.sortedD.sophisticated问题10选项A.withB.forC.aboutD.onto问题11选项A.p

48、hysicianB.assistantC.surgeonD.clinician问题12选项A.believe inB.believeC.entrustD.deprive问题13选项A.alongB.abreastC.aloneD.afresh问题14选项A.GraduallyB.By and largeC.IncidentallyD.By accident问题15选项A.beforehandB.aheadC.forecastD.underneath问题16选项A.experience of cancerB.brush with deathC.regretsD.hospitalization问题

49、17选项A.testB.quizC.examinationD.matriculation问题18选项A.an abilityB.a disciplineC.a professionD.a major问题19选项A.vacationB.leaveC.turnD.spare time问题20选项A.the latterB.the pastC.yesterdayD.the last【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:D第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:D第18题:D第19题:A第2

50、0题:B【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。rehabilitation“复原”；realization“实现；领悟”；inspiration “灵感；鼓舞” ;experience “经验”。由空格后“so much that was unfinished可知空格处的意思为我最初的认识之一，答案B（2）考查介词词义辨析。behind “在 之后，”；for “为了；因为” before “在 之前”；confront “面对；遭遇”。由空格后“so much that was unfinished”可知这里指“我还剩下很多事情没做完”，答案A。（3）考查名词词义辨析。description“描述

51、”；prescription“药方；惯例”；inscription“题词”；inspiration“灵感；鼓舞”。由空格后“on my tombstone可知C项符合语义，答案C（4）考查动词词组及词义辨析。sum up “总结”；conclude “推断；作结论”；end up “结束；死亡”；shorten “缩短；变短”。由Grade of Incomplete可知 “总结”符合语境，故 A项正确。答案A（5）动词及名词词义辨析。condition “条件；环境”；excuse “借口；理由”；exceed “v.超过；胜过”；exemplar “模范，标本”。由 I regretted

52、 my delays可知空格处所填单词与delay意思接近，答案B（6）考查固定搭配。由I wished that I had more time to do it all over again可知作者有些遗憾，他希望自己有时间把之前的事情再以正确的方式做一遍，故答案D（7）考查动词词义辨析。infer “推断；推论”；imagine “想象；臆断”；intend “打算；意指”；imitate “模仿”。由But deep inside I felt such a wish was useless”与no recourse but to spend my remaining months可知

53、作者不打算求助。故C项正确，答案C。（8）考查名词词义辨析。corrosion “腐蚀”；permeation “渗透”；intervention“调停”；deterioration “恶化；堕落”。由上一题的分析“我不打算求助”与空格后“too weak, too sick”可知这里作者打算在病情逐渐恶化过程中度过。答案D。（9）考查形容词词义辨析。absorbed “专注的”；sobbed “想引人伤心的”；sorted “分类的；挑选的”；sophisticated “复杂的”。由 “too.to.”及 “in my dying”可知 作者专注于死亡，答案A。（10）考查固定搭配。fee

54、l sorry for oneself是固定搭配，答案B。（11）考查名词词义辨析。physician “内科医生”；assistant “助手”；surgeon “外科医生”；clinician “临床医生”。由After the operation to remove the tumor可知这里指代 “外科医生” 答案C。（12）考查动词及词组辨析。believe in “信任”；believe “相信；信任”；entrust “委托；信托”；deprive “使丧失，剥夺”。由“I thought he was humoring me可知作者以为医生在迎合他，因此不相信医生。（13）考查

55、固定搭配。由上题可知作者以为医生在迎合他，于是认为医生在欺骗他以让他在人生的最后几个月开心点。string along “欺骗，哄骗”所以A项正确，答案A。（14）考查副词及词组辨析。gradually “渐渐地”；by and large “大体上，总的来说”；incidentally “顺便”；by accident “偶然；意外地”。由I began to believe that he was telling me the truth 可知A项符合语义。答案A。（15）考查介词词义辨析。 Ahead of 在 面前beforehand “事先；预先”；forecast “预报；预示”；

56、underneath “在 的下面；在 的支配下”。I did indeed have a life可知作者相信在他面前可能确实还有一个人生，答案B。（16）考查名词词义辨析。由I started to 可知作者不想让与死亡擦肩而过成为一种不好的记忆，于是作者有了新的行动。experience of cancer “遭受癌症的经历”；brush with death 险些丧命；regrets “后悔；遗憾”；hospitalization “住院治疗；医院收容”。答案B。（17）考查近义词词义辨析。test “试验”；quiz “考查”;examination “考试；检查”；matricul

57、ation “入学考试”。由at my local college可知作者申请了当地大学的入学考试，答案D。（18）考查名词词义辨析。an ability “一种能力”；a discipline “一个学科”；a profession “一种职业”；a major “ 一个专业”。由“ Im still working on getting that degree 可知作者想获得该专业的学位， 答案D。（19）考查名词词义辨析。vacation “休假”；leave “离开”；turn “转弯；变化”；spare time“空闲时间”。 take vacation 度假， 从we took a

58、nother one in the winter, too. 可知答案为A。（20）考查词组辨析。the latter “后者”；the past “过去”；yesterday “昨天”；the last “最后的”。 由And now each day is more fulfilling than可知作者是将现在充实的生活与过去对比。答案B。12. 单选题Take the time to （ ）with your child, to read with her, to play with her, to have good conversations with her, to take w

59、alks with her.问题1选项A.cuddleB.cumberC.rrodeD.canvass【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。cuddle搂抱，拥抱；cumber拖累，妨害；corrode侵蚀，损害；canvass 细究。句意：花时间拥抱你的孩子，读书给她听，和她玩耍，语重心长地和她交谈，和她一起散步。根据句意可知A项符合题意。13. 单选题I was glad when somebody told me,“You may go and collect Negro folklore.”In a way, it would not be a new（1）for me. When I pi

60、tched head foremost into the（2）I landed in the crib of Negroism. It was（3）me like a tight chemise. I couldnt see it for（4） it. It was only when I was off in college, away from my native surroundings that I could（5）off and look at my garment. Then I had to have the spy-glass of anthropology to（6） .I

61、was asked where I（7） to work and I said,“lorida. Its a place that（8） people Negroes from（9） Southern state and some from the North and West.”（10） I knew that it was possible for me to get a（11）section of the Negro South in one state. And then I（12）that I felt new myself, so it looked（13） for me to choose familiar ground.I started in Eatonville, Florida,（14） I knew that the town was full of（15） and that I could get it without causing any hurt or harm. As early as I could remember, it was the habit of the men particularly to（16） on the store porch in the evening