2022年考博英语-山东大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷35

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy _ at any price.问题1选项A.orderB.emancipationC.hopeD.liberty【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。order “命令，顺序”；emancipation “解放，释放”；hope “希望”；liberty “自由”。句意：被二十年实质无政府状态所动摇，大多数人们将不惜一切代价购买规则。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题

2、The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name （1）, it combines biology and modem technology through such （2 ） as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, （3 ） in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to p

3、atent （取得专利）seeds that give a high yield （产量），that （4 ） disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. （5 ）such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised （6 ） about genetically engineered crops. “In nature, genetic diversity （多样性）is cre

4、ated within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed （杂交）with a different kind of rose, but a rose will （7 ）cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into

5、another in an attempt to （8 ） a desired property or character. This could mean, （9 ）, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to b

6、e engineered with genes（10 ） from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. （11 ）, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that（12 ） species. Like the green revolution, （13 ） some call the gene revolution（14 ） to the problem of genetic uniformity （千篇一律）- some say even

7、more so （15 ） geneticists can employ techniques such （16 ）cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly（17） copies, or clones. Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new（18 ）, such as the effects that they may have on us and the e

8、nvironment. “We are flying blindly into a new （19 ） of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential（20）,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin. 问题1选项A.suggestsB.recallsC.concernsD.advises问题2选项A.conceptsB.viewsC.techniquesD.courses问题3选项A.participateB.focu

9、sC.specializeD.involve问题4选项A.treatB.avoidC.opposeD.resist问题5选项A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.As问题6选项A.demandsB.topicsC.concernsD.lessons问题7选项A.sometimesB.neverC.frequentlyD.eventually问题8选项A.conveyB.transferC.selectD.collect问题9选项A.for exampleB.for one thingC.on one handD.in any case问题10选项A.resultedB.evolvedC.i

10、njectedD.taken问题11选项A.In contrastB.In thatC.In caseD.In essence问题12选项A.separateB.formC.createD.vary问题13选项A.whatB.whereC.asD.so问题14选项A.combinesB.contributesC.commandsD.breaks问题15选项A.thatB.becauseC.ifD.when问题16选项A.likeB.for exampleC.asD.is问题17选项A.resemblingB.alikeC.similarD.identical问题18选项A.issuesB.he

11、ightC.difficultiesD.goals问题19选项A.spotB.eraC.deadlineD.scheme问题20选项A.navigationsB.mysteryC.outcomesD.destinations【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:B第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:A第13题:A第14题:B第15题:B第16题:C第17题:D第18题:A第19题:B第20题:C【解析】（1）动词词义辨析。根据文章第一句，可知the name 指代第一句中的biotechnology，所以这个名字暗示了它是生物和现代技术的

12、结合，选项A符合题意。（2）查上下文语义。根据上文，such指代前面提到的生物和现代技术，所以只有technique技术能概括前面的信息，选项C符合题意。（3）动词词组辨析。participate in “参加，分享”；focus on “集中于”；specialize in “专门研究 ”；involve in “参与，涉及”。句意：一些新的生物科技公司，专门研究农业方面的问题。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Treat “治疗，对待”；avoid “避免”；oppose “反对，对抗”；resist “抵抗”。句意：能够抵抗干旱、疾病和霜冻，并且减少对化学用品需求的种子。选项D符合题意

13、。（5）逻辑关系。空格的这句和下一句应该是假设关系，if引导条件状语从句，句意：如果这些目标能够实现，那么将会是最大的好处。选项A符合题意。（6）固定搭配。concern about “对担心”，句意：一些人对转基因农作物越来越担心。选项C符合题意。（7）考查上下文语义。上文提到基因多样性是在特定范围内创建的，“A rose can be crossed （杂交）with a different kind of rose”，玫瑰可以和其他不同种类的玫瑰杂交，后面空格应该是表示转折，句意：但是玫瑰不能和土豆杂交。选项B符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。convey “运达，传输”； transfer

14、 “转移”；select “选择”； collect “收集”。句意：从一种物种上获取基因，然后将其植入到另一物种中，尝试转移一种希望得到的特性。选项B符合题意。（9）考查上下文语义。根据上下文，用北极鱼防冻基因植入草莓土豆，使其也具有防冻特性的例子来说明了基因转移的过程。选项A符合题意。（10）动词词组辨析。resulted from “起因于”；evolved from “演变而来”；injected from “从注射”；taken from “从取出”。句意：现在用从病毒、细菌、昆虫、动物乃至人体中提取的基因来改造植物是可能的。选项D符合题意。（11）词组辨析。in contrast

15、“与此相反”；in that “因为，由于”；in case “万一，假使”；in essence “本质上”。句意：假使生物技术允许人类打破基因墙。选项C符合题意。（12）动词词义辨析。separate “分离，分开” ；form “构成，形成” ；create “创造，造成” ；vary “改变，使多样化”。句意：生物技术使人们打破分隔物种的基因壁垒。选项A符合题意。（13）考查语法。空格应该是主语从句的引导词，句意：如同绿色革命一般，我们所说的基因革命有助于解决基因千篇一律的问题。有what引导主语从句。选项A符合题意。（14）固定搭配。contribute to “有助于”，句意：基因

16、革命有助于解决基因千篇一律的问题。选项B符合题意。（15）逻辑关系。空格前后构成了因果关系。句意：因为遗传学者能采用技术，所以有助于解决基因千篇一律的问题选项B符合题意。（16）固定搭配。空格后面是举了克隆和器官培养的例子，所以用such as “比如”，选项C符合题意。（17）形容词词义辨析。resembling “像”，不是形容词，可排除 ；alike “相同的” ；similar “相似的”；identical “同一的，完全相同的”。文中是指完全相同的基因复制和克隆。选项D符合题意。（18）名词词义辨析。issues “问题”； height “高度”； difficulties “困

17、难”；goals “目标”。句意：转基因植物可能带来新的问题。选项A符合题意。（19）名词词义辨析。spot “地点”；era “时代，年代”；deadline “最后期限”；scheme “计划”。句意：我们正盲目地飞向农业生物科学技术的新时代。选项B符合题意。（20）名词词义辨析。navigations “航海”；mystery “神秘”；outcomes “结果”；destinations “目的地”。句意：不知道会带来什么样的潜在结果。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the cat

18、alogues showing various products handled by us with detailed _ and means of packing.问题1选项A.specimensB.inspectionsC.samplesD.specifications【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。specification “规格，规范”；specimen “范例；样品，样本”；inspection “检查”；sample “样品，例子”。句意：为了使你对我们的产品有个大致的了解，随函寄上我们各种产品的目录，包括详细的规格介绍和包装方式。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Some peop

19、le would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _ wonderful bargains in the market.问题1选项A.pick upB.bump intoC.pile upD.bring back【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。pick up“买到，获得”；bump into “无意中遇到，碰到”；pile up “积累，堆放起来”；bring back “拿回来”。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们期待买到市场上物美价廉的便宜货。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题（ ）what has been said，

20、it is unlike that population growth will be halted，either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.问题1选项A.In view ofB.On behalf ofC.For the sake ofD.With the exception of【答案】A【解析】介词词组解析。in view of “ 鉴于，考虑到”；on behalf of “ 代表，为了”；for the sake of “由于，因为”；with the exception of “除了以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是

21、在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。6. 翻译题Consider the survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, theyll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of the latter.【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。7. 单选题

22、The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable _, when weight loss _ if not stops.问题1选项A.moods. acceleratesB.feasts. haltsC.holidays. contractsD.plateaus. slows【答案】D【解析】名词和动词词义辨析。mood “情绪，语气”；feast “筵席，宴会”；holiday “度假”；plateaus “高原，停滞时期”。accelerate “加速，促进”；halt “停止”；contract “感染，订约”；slo

23、w “放慢，阻碍”。句意：任何节食中最令人沮丧的时期是不可避免的停滞时期，如果不停止，体重下降会放慢。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is_（ ）_.问题1选项A.overwhelmingB.appallingC.dominantD.appealing【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。overwhelming “势不可挡的”；

24、appalling “令人震惊的”；dominant “主导的”；appealing “吸引力的”。句意：仅国家公园系统就拥有价值300亿到500亿美元的设施和9000英里的道路，维修花费是令人吃惊的。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题A few common misconceptions: Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.O

25、ver the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1, 000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more

26、 likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties（虔诚）while acting just t

27、he contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thi

28、ng the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be pro

29、moted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper t

30、han for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get

31、 jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire （追求）to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.1.According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in p

32、ursuing a career as a manager_.2.The result of research carried out by social scientists show that_ .3.Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes_.4.“Good looks cut both ways for women” （Line 1，Para. 5） means that_ .5.It can be inferred from the

33、passage that in the business world_.问题1选项A.a persons property or debts do not matter muchB.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC.women should always dress fashionablyD.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded问题2选项A.people do not realize the importance of looki

34、ng ones bestB.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC.good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not问题3选项A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB.they do not usually act according

35、to the views they supportC.they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD.they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments问题4选项A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB.good-looking women always get the best of everythingC.being attractive is not

36、always an advantage for womenD.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions问题5选项A.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC.physically attractive men a

37、nd women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD.good looks are important for women as they are for men【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“A few common misconceptions: Beauty is only skin-deep.”，可知很多人误解地认为美是肤浅的。后一句“A woman should always try to look her best.”，说明女性应该让自己看

38、起来最好才是作者想要表达的正确观点。选项B符合题意。 2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated.”，照片上的人越漂亮，评价就越高，说明外貌是一个优势。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段， “the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary.”，说明我们嘴上说着虔诚的话，但是实际行动却是相反的，也就是不会根据自己支持的观点行事。选项B符合题意

39、。 4.语义题。根据文章第五段，“women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.”说明有足够的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表没有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不总是能带来优势。选项C符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men.”，说明在事业中，外貌的吸引力对女性的影响大于男

40、性。选项A符合题意。 10. 翻译题The bodies who play major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.【答案】这些年来，从事主要职业运动的选手们身高发生了巨大的变化，所以经理们很愿意调整队服，使其能够适合越来越多大体型的人。11. 翻译题According

41、 to a growing body of experience, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.【答案】根据越来越多的亲身体验，许多制成塑料制品的化学用品可能会移动到食物和流体上，最终进入你的体内。12. 单选题（ ）a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a. m.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BarringC.Ap

42、art fromD.On account of【答案】B【解析】介词词义解析。except “除了”；barring “倘若”；apart from “除以外”；on account of “由于”。题中a delay是一个名词，所以需填入介词。句意：倘若没有延误的话，或者应该会在上午六点半到达上海。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题The career I have chosen（ ）opportunities yet it is fraught with heartbreak, despair and hardship.问题1选项A.is laden withB.is lack ofC.is

43、burdened withD.is in want of【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。be laden with “满载，充满”；be lack of “缺乏”；be burdened with “使重负”；be in want of “需要”。句意：我选择的职业充满机会，然而也充满的心碎、绝望和艰辛。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Many of you young persons out there are seriously thinking about going to college. (That is, of course, a lie. The only things you y

44、oung persons think seriously about are loud music and sex. Trust me: these are closely related to college). College is basically a bunch of rooms where you sit for roughly two thousand hours and try to memorize things. The two thousand hours are spread out over four years; you spend the rest of the

45、time sleeping and trying to get dates.Basically, you learn two kinds of things in college:Things you need to know later in life (two hours). These include how to make collect telephone calls and get beer and crepe-paper stains out of your pajamas.Things you will not need to know in later life (1, 99

46、8 hours). These are the things you learn in classes whose names end in -ology, -osophy, -istry, -ics, and so on. The idea is you memorize these things, then write them down in little exam books, then forget them. If you fail to forget them, you become a professor and have to stay in college for the

47、rest of your life.Its very difficult to forget everything. For example, when I was in college, I had to memorize dont ask me why the names of the metaphysical poets other than John Donne. I have managed to forget one of them, but I still remember that the other two were named Vaughan and Crashaw.Som

48、etimes, when Im trying to remember something important, like whether my wife told me to get tuna packed in oil or tuna packed in water, Vaughan and Crashaw just pop up in my mind, right there in the supermarket. Its a terrible waste of brain cells.After youve been in college for a year or so, youre

49、supposed to choose a major, which is the subject you intend to memorize and forget the most things about. Here is a very important piece of advice: be sure to choose a major that does not involve Known Facts and Right Answers.This means that you must not major in mathematics, physics, biology or che

50、mistry, because these subjects involve actual facts. If, for example, you major in mathematics, youre going to wander into class one day and the professor will say: “Define the cosine integer of the quadrant of the rhomboid binary axis, and extrapolate your result to five significant vertices. If yo

51、u dont come up with exactly the answer the professor has in mind, you fail. The same is true of chemistry: if you write in your exam book that carbon and hydrogen combine to form oak, your professor will flunk you. He wants you to come up with the same answer he and all the other chemists have agree

52、d on. Scientists are extremely snotty about this.1.According to the author, what are closely related to college?2.According to the author, what should the college students learn in college?3.When should the college students choose a major?4.The word “flunk” in the last paragraph means_.5.What is the

53、 best title for the passage?问题1选项A.Thinking and study.B.Shopping and music.C.Music and sex.D.Sleeping and thinking.问题2选项A.How to memorize things and to get dates.B.The things you will need and not need to know in later life.C.How to forget everything and to write poets.D.How to enhance memory and st

54、udy ability.问题3选项A.The moment they go to college.B.After they have been in college for nearly two years.C.After they have been in college for a year or so.D.When they become a senior.问题4选项A.floatB.failC.ridiculeD.dupe问题5选项A.The Myth of CollegeB.What Can You Learn in CollegeC.How to Enjoy Your Colleg

55、e LifeD.The Importance of College【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“The only things you young persons think seriously about are loud music and sex.”，可知作者提出年轻人唯一认真考虑的事情是吵闹的音乐和性。所以这两件事与大学密切相关。选项C符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“you learn two kinds of things in college”，第三段第一句， “Things you need to

56、 know later in life (two hours).”，以及第四段第一句，“Things you will not need to know in later life (1, 998 hours).”，可知大学生需要做学习的两件事就是：需要知道的事和不需要知道的事。选项B符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据第七段第一句，“After youve been in college for a year or so, youre supposed to choose a major”，可知，上大学一年左后，应该选一个专业。选项C符合题意。 4.语义题。“come up with exact

57、ly the answer the professor has in mind, you fail. The same is true of chemistryyour professor will flunk you.”，列举了两件类似事情，根据前一句的failure可知，如果你不能在教科书里写出碳氢结合形成橡树，你的教授同样会让你不及格，所以flunk也是失败的意思。选项B符合题意。 5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段作者介绍了大学里密不可分的事情是音乐和性，第二三四段介绍了在大学中你必须学到了两件事，所以B和C选项是文章内容的一部分，不够全面，选项B、C可排除。选项D中大学的重要性文章没有提及

58、，可排除。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题This new book has received several reviews since its publication; but none of them have made a just （ ） of the book.问题1选项A.calculationB.evaluationC.profitD.register【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。calculation “估计”；evaluation “评价”；profit “利润”；register “注册”。句意：这本书出版以来已经获得了几个评论，但是没有一个评论是表示对这本书的评价。选项

59、B符合题意。16. 单选题The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive

60、from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism

61、, “the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials （文凭）than in providing a quality education for their students. “The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to conne