2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第74期

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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The notes above were set down for a lecture in 1967, and I find myself now making a few changes to bring them up to date, none of much consequence.（1）I see the case now, there is one point these old notes seem to be driving（2）which never quite gets articula

2、ted but which（3）a lot for me these days. It seems（4）, in fact; and especially so perhaps in view of the present condition of American poetry. Far more than the reality of the scene, which I nonetheless highly prize, I would call（5）now to the absolute purity of style achieved in this little masterpie

3、ce, and effortlessly achieved,（6）to be equaled even by Williams. Other poems by Williams - certainly poems by other poets are much richer（7）what they encompass;（8）vision is deeper and the character of the poet stands as a more affecting human presence. Often enough the language is more（9）. But this

4、poem is perfectly said. Lean, streamlined; and there is（10）extra, no excrescence, no excess, no showing off; nor indeed any shortcoming whatever. We have（11）we see; we have it exactly Art can aspire higher and no doubt, at times, should.（12）not always. I think of Wang Wei: the Chinese effect in gene

5、ral, here（13）. I begin to understand how a critic like Winters can argue that the brief lyric may be greater than a complete tragedy,lyric can hope for perfection, a(n)（15）wholeness and unity. One of Williams many admirers has written（16）“Between Walls” that since “there is no living thing in the po

6、em - just a mockery of the color of growing plants - the feeling of the poem is . sterile and airless.” But this opinion can only be the result of an absurd prejudice, probably got up out of some all（17）simple understanding of the organic and the natural. There is no mockery in this green: imitation

7、, yes, and, one might（18）suggest, a certain pathos and bravery in the imitation. There is more to（19）than that, but there is, just glintingly, that. Meanwhile we do have also, thanking the muse of reality, pieces of a broken bottle, the real thing, as good as（20）green leaf here.问题1选项A.AsB.ThoughC.An

8、dD.Because问题2选项A.toB.throughC.inD.at问题3选项A.acknowledgesB.calculatesC.makesD.counts问题4选项A.crucialB.impossibleC.mediocreD.unnecessary问题5选项A.forthB.mindC.attentionD.back问题6选项A.alreadyB.rarelyC.surelyD.actually问题7选项A.onB.toC.inD.from问题8选项A.theirB.itsC.whoseD.its问题9选项A.vulgarB.virtuousC.brilliantD.favora

9、ble问题10选项A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything问题11选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.and问题12选项A.SoB.ButC.ThusD.For问题13选项A.naturalizedB.socializedC.sympathizedD.philosophized问题14选项A.as long asB.lestC.sinceD.while问题15选项A.unflawedB.mistakenC.fragmentedD.far-fetched问题16选项A.offB.forC.inD.of问题17选项A.littleB.muchC

10、.veryD.too问题18选项A.evenB.yetC.howeverD.nevertheless问题19选项A.itB.themC.thoseD.these问题20选项A.manyB.muchC.someD.any【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:A第20题:D【解析】（1）连词辨析题。根据句意：正如我现在看到的情况.选项A符合句意。（2）固定搭配。drive at用意所在。句意：这些旧笔记的用意似乎没有很清晰

11、地被表达出来。（3）词意辨析题。acknowledge承认、答谢；calculate计算、推测；make使得；count有价值、计算。这里指它们对我很有价值。选项D符合句意。（4）词意辨析题。crucial关键的；impossible不可能的；mediocre普通的；unnecessary不必要的。原文指这些笔记看起来很普通。（5）固定搭配。call attention to唤起注意。本文指呼吁大家关注这篇杰作淳朴的风格。（6）词意辨析题。rarely很少地、难得。本文指很少有人能够写出如此绝对风格淳朴的诗歌。（7）介词搭配。rich in在.方面很丰富。本文指他们诗歌所包含的内容要丰富得多。

12、（8）代词辨析题。their指前面提到的 Williams和其他诗人。（9）词意辨析题。vulgar通俗的；virtuous善良的；brilliant杰出的；favorable喜爱的。这里指语言通俗易懂。选项A符合原文。（10）代词辨析题。根据下文“no excrescence, no excess, no showing off.”可知填空处应填入表否定的代词，只有选项C符合句意。（11）分析句子结构可知，缺少see的宾语。选项what符合句意。（12）连词辨析题。根据上下文：毫无疑问，有时也应该如此， ，并不总是如此。由此可知，这里应填入but表转折。（13）动词辨析题。naturaliz

13、ed移植、归化；socialized社会化；sympathized同情、支持；philosophized 使哲学化、理性地思考。根据下文的“tragedy”可知选项C符合原文。（14）考查逻辑连接词。根据原文：一首简洁的抒情诗的内涵会大于一首完整的悲情诗的内涵，因为抒情诗有更完美的期待。上下文存在因果关系，since表原因。（15）词意辨析题。unflawed完美无缺的；mistaken被误解的；fragmented支离破碎的；far-fetched牵强附会的。填空处的词用来修饰wholeness and unity（整体和统一体），选项A符原文。（16）根据原文：威廉姆斯的众多崇拜者之一曾为

14、墙与墙之间写过这样一段话 。为了.用for。（17）根据原文：但这种观点只能是一种荒谬偏见的结果，大概是出于对一些过于简单的有机和自然的认识。选项D符合原文。（18）根据原文：模仿，是的，甚至有人会说，模仿中有某种悲怆和勇敢。选项A符合原文。（19）根据原文：这首诗的意境不仅仅局限于那些。It特指这首诗。（20）根据原文，leaf 为单数，所以只能选D。2. 单选题People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirel

15、y different from the present, and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.A tremendous change in the conditions of human life and in our knowle

16、dge and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times. The ancients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, although social and economic arrangements va

17、ry with time and place, man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possessed by love and desire, experienced joy

18、 and excitement as well as frustration and disappointment, and knew good and evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men living togeth

19、er in society, still have something to say to us.We also learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the pastour personal past and

20、that of the racealways lives in us.1.According to the writer, our past can teach us quite a lot because （）2.In the second paragraph, the writer places great emphasis on the fact that （）3.Judging from the context, the reason for the writer to talk about the poets is that （）4.In the first line of the

21、last paragraph, the sentence “We can discover where we are today.” means （）5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it is very different from the presentB.it is quite the same as the presentC.we can draw many lessons from itD.we are not working so hard as the peop

22、le in the past问题2选项A.human nature does not change easilyB.a great change has taken place in the conditions of human lifeC.social arrangements change quicklyD.it is impossible to ask the ancient people to give us useful advice问题3选项A.they tried to talk to people who were to come after themB.they knew

23、good and evil better than other peopleC.they were the most emotional people in their timesD.they recorded the life of ancient people in their poems问题4选项A.we can know how much development we have madeB.we can identify where we are living at the present ageC.we can learn more about our problemsD.we ca

24、n travel to any place quite easily问题5选项A.Our present has little in common with the past.B.Past human experiences can be used to serve the present.C.Some people in the past predicted things in our age accurately.D.Our present age is basically similar to the past one.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1

25、.判断推理题。根据第一段的最后一句“We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.”可知, 过去可以教会我们很多, 因为我们可以从中获得经验教训。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的最后两句“., man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature .”尽管社会和经济随着时间和地点而改变, 但我们依旧是我们。我们和古人有着共同的人性, 因此也有共同的经历和问题。所以作者强调的是人性是没有变化的。选项A正确。3.判断推理题。根据第

26、三段的最后一句“And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.”古代的先知和哲学家, 在处理人类共同生活在社会中的基本问题时, 对我们依然适用。由此推断, 作者提到诗人的原因是因为他们将古人的生活写进了他们的诗。4.判断推理题。根据句意, 通过了解过去人们的所作所为和思想, 我们可以发现我们今天在哪里, 我们变成了什么样子。这里与过去对比, 说明我们

27、现如今的生活有很大的进步。所以选项A符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段就可知, 本文主要讲过去对我们的重要性, 过去和现在相关联, 但是过去和现在有相似但也有不同, 所以选项A和D错误, 选项B古人的经历对现在依然有影响, 符合原文。3. 单选题Our generation has made such immense discoveries and achieved such undreamed enrichments of the outside of life, that it has lost touch with the inside of life. It has forgotte

28、n the true riches and beauties of its spiritual inheritance: riches and beauties that go far beyond our modern chatter about values and ideals. The minds search for more breadth has obscured the hearts craving for more depth. Once again man has become the dupe of his own cleverness. And because it i

29、s difficult to attend to more than a few things at a time, we leave out a great range of experiences which comes in by another route and tells us of another kind of life. Our interest rushes out to the farthest limits of the universe, but we seldom take a sounding of the ocean beneath our restless k

30、eels. We get, therefore, a queer feeling that we are leaving something out. Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind. Thus the life of the human spirit, which ought to maintain a balance between the world visible and the world invisible, is th

31、rown out of gear.1.Which of the following may best serve as the title of the passage?2.The author of this passage implies his concern over mans （）3.The author suggests that man needs to（）4.Which of the following is implied in the passage?5.What is something that we are leaving out according to the a

32、uthor?问题1选项A.Mans Need for Wisdom.B.The Invisible World.C.The Heart and Mind of Man.D.The Growth of Knowledge.问题2选项A.inhumanity to other menB.emphasis on the materialistic in lifeC.explorations in the farthest limits of the universeD.lack of knowledge of the visible world问题3选项A.be cleverer.B.learn t

33、o do more than one thing at a timeC.give more attention to the spiritD.become more social问题4选项A.The soul of men is restless.B.People spend too much time in idle talk.C.Man is too concerned with things of the spirit.D.Man should search for more breadth in his life.问题5选项A.Immense discoveriesB.Undreame

34、d enrichments of the outside of lifeC.WisdomD.Knowledge【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。这段文章主要讲述了人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况。文章的倒数第二句“Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind.”进行了点题, 人们的知识增长了, 但智慧却远远落后, 所以人们需要智慧。2.判断推理题。根据上一题可以知道, 文章就是在说

35、人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况, 所以由此推断, 作者担心的是人类过于关注物质世界。选项B正确。3.细节事实题。福据文章中的 It has forgotten the true riches and beauties of its spiritual inheritance。可以知道作者还是很希望大家更多的关注内在世界, 所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据文中“We get, therefore, a queer feeling that we are leaving something out. ”我们有一种奇怪的感觉, 觉得我们遗漏了什么。选项B说的是表象, 选项C和

36、D错误。所以只有选项A符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据文中的倒数第二句“Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind.”由此推断, 人们遗失的是智慧。4. 单选题Both of them are too stubborn to agree to（）, so they had to be assigned to different branches.问题1选项A.a friendshipB.a compromiseC.a judgmentD.an e

37、motion【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。句意：他们两个都很固执,不肯妥协,所以不得不分管不同的部门。选项B项符合句意。5. 单选题The students in the dormitories were forbidden, unless they had special passes, （）after 11 p.m.问题1选项A.staying outB.from staying outC.against staying outD.to stay out【答案】D【解析】unless they had special passes为插入语，可忽略不看。forbid的常用搭配是forbid

38、sb. to do sth./ forbid doing sth.所以选项D正确。6. 单选题Language problems are（）by cultural misunderstandings.问题1选项A.decreasedB.solvedC.increasedD.ignored【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。decreased减少；solved解决；increased増加；ignored忽视。句意：文化误解导致语言问题的増加。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When so

39、meone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible - and it can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic, Ph. D., author of Fo

40、rgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a

41、couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Frederic says.Dont wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Frederic says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see thing

42、s the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your

43、 hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Frederic says.Try to see things from the other persons perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was a

44、cting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Dont forget to fo

45、rgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” Frederic says. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.”1.Forgiveness is（）2.What does “wear and tear” mean?3.Which is Not the technique of healing?4.Which of the following can be inferred from the

46、 passage?5.What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.easy to doB.nobleC.only beneficial to physical healthD.impossible to get your grudge go问题2选项A.Damage resulting from ordinary use.B.Energy.C.Friction.D.Moisture.问题3选项A.Inhale deeply.B.Mentally replay your hurt often.C.Distract your attention.D.Th

47、ink in another point of view.问题4选项A.The person who hurt you is sure to make an apology to you later on.B.You may condone others wrong doings.C.Forgiveness doesnt equal obeyance.D.You should negotiate with the person who upset you.问题5选项A.Ways to get well from your hurt.B.To forgive may be divine, but

48、 no one ever said it was easy.C.Forgiveness benefits to your physical and mental health.D.An introduction to the book Forgive for Good.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句可知选项A错误；而divine与noble同义, 所以选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“forgiveness can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental hea

49、lth”可知选项C错误；根据第一段的第二句“it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。2.语义题。damage resulting from ordinary use日常中的损伤；friction摩擦力；moisture水分, 湿度。根据原文可知, 这里指可以帮助我们减少器官的磨损。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第六段的第二句“Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.”在心里重演

50、你的伤痛, 只会给予伤害你的人力量。所以选项B并不是治疗的好方法。4.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.”宽恕并不一定意味着与让你心烦的人和解, 也不意味着宽恕他或她的行为。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。forgiveness为本文的关键词, 再结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲如何宽恕以及宽恕的益处。选项C更符合原文。其他选项都太片面。8. 单选题My frie

51、nd Paul was badly taken in when he paid $1000 for that second-hand car, it was not worth（）问题1选项A.that all muchB.all that muchC.that much allD.much all that【答案】B【解析】考查修饰语。that much通常用于口语中，用all修饰，进一步加强语气。所以本题选B。9. 单选题I sent invitations to 80 people,（）have replied.问题1选项A.of whom only 20 of themB.only 2

52、0 of them whoC.of whom only 20D.only 20 who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我邀请了80人,其中只有20人回复了。of表从属关系,在这里指80人中的20人, whom指代80人。选项A重复,选项C表述正确。10. 单选题The phrase “melting pot” has become associated with the American society, implying that many racial and ethnic groups have been integrated into one culture. Schol

53、ars disagree as to what extent this assimilation or integration has actually taken place. Many of them see the American society as a “salad bowl”, where various groups have remained distinct and separate from each other, even though they work and live in the same society.There is no doubt that assim

54、ilation has taken place, especially among the whites from different nationalities and religious backgrounds; the disagreement is only about to what extent this assimilation has actually taken place. The scholars argue that “melting plot” is an inaccurate description of the American society. Let alon

55、e other more distinct races and ethnic groups, they point to the American Jews as the group of whites who have retained their separateness.Many scholars feel that the unwillingness by the Jewish Americans to assimilate with the American society comes mainly from centuries of persecution in European

56、countries, some of which survived and came along with European Christians to America. Weaker forms of discrimination and anti-Jewish feelings still exist among European descendents, making it more difficult for the Jews to assimilate into the mainstream American culture. Their own cultural and relig

57、ious pride also plays important roles in maintaining their separateness.What is interesting, however, is that Jewish groups, along with their separateness, have a strong sense of belonging to the larger American culture in which they have achieved success in nearly every field. In fact, among the gr

58、oups that have retained their national or ethnic identities, the Jewish groups are the most successful, according to a nation-wide survey. Many Jews attribute this success to their separateness, which has prevented them from losing values that contribute to their success.1.What sentence would best s

59、ummarize this passage?2.The European descendents who most likely discriminate against the American Jews are （）3.Many scholars prefer to describe American society as a “salad bowl” because it （）4.The author claims that Jewish groups retain most of their cultural identity and（）5.According to the passa

60、ge, one of the reasons why the Jews have remained mostly separate is（）问题1选项A.American society is either a “melting pot” or a “salad bowl”, depending on who is talking about it.B.Jewish groups have a strong sense of identity and refuse to assimilate with other Americans.C.Scholars disagree about the

61、extent to which assimilation of different races and ethnic groups has taken place in American society.D.There is still some discrimination and persecution of Jews in America.问题2选项A.ChristiansB.scholarsC.capitalistsD.Catholics问题3选项A.shows cultural and religious differences of various cultural groupsB.shows the togetherness and separateness of different ethnic, national, and racial groupsC.is more colorful and imaginativeD.is more progressive