2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第74期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题You can （ ）the video camera on a tripod（三脚架），so that you dont have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions.问题1选项A.withstandB.fixC.plantD.dwell【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。withstand抵抗，反抗；fix固定；plant种植，培养；dwell居住，存在于。句意：你可以将摄像机固定在三脚架上，这样当你提问的时候就不用担心需要稳稳的抓住

2、它了。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题The importance of interior design becomes （ ）when we realize how much time we spend surrounded by four walls.问题1选项A.attractiveB.appropriateC.evidentD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。attractive意为“有魅力的，吸引人的”；appropriate意为“适当的，合适的”；evident意为“明显的，明白的”；obscure意为“昏暗的，朦胧的”。句意：当我们意识到我们花了多少时间待在家里时，室

3、内设计的重要性就变得明显了。3. 单选题The factory presents a sharp （ ）to the one I visited a few days ago.问题1选项A.comparisonB.compromiseC.differenceD.contrast【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。comparison意为“比较，对照”指相同处的比较；compromise意为“妥协”；difference意为“差异，差别”；contrast意为“对比，对照”，指不同处的比较。此处是将“the factory”与几天前参观的那个工厂“the one”进行对比，因此选D。句意：这家工厂与

4、我几天前参观的工厂形成了鲜明的对比。4. 单选题There was a big hole in the road which （ ）the traffic.问题1选项A.set backB.stood backC.held upD.kept down【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。set back推迟，使.受挫折；stand back退后；hold up举起，阻挡，拦截；keep down控制，镇压。句意：路上有个大坑，阻碍了交通。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when

5、 are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a ce

6、rtain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to. And girls do

7、 not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessi

8、ty or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused at depression in the American hat industry by not weari

9、ng hats; more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years,

10、 shirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans an

11、d the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wea

12、ring jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo.Look around you and youll see that no one els

13、e does either!1.The author believes that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashions are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.reluctant to follow t

14、he trends in fashionB.far from neglecting what is in fashionC.concerned about appearance in old ageD.satisfied with their appearance问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.individual dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.unknownC.variedD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalit

15、yD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situationsB.Fashion in formal and informal situationsC.Ignoring appearance in informal situationsD.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到“很少有人满足于自己的现状，也很少有人会忽视潮流”（Few of us are content to acce

16、pt ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion），选项B “绝不会忽视潮流的东西”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段提到时尚杂志和电视广告试图说服我们在特定的场合穿特定的衣服，表现出特定的礼仪。在他们看来，这样做会让我们更加自信地去结识新的朋友（If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently）

17、。因此可以推断出时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与自信联系在一起，选项A符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段第一二句提到“引起时尚改变的原因是什么？有时候是因为方便或者实际需要或者因为某个人的影响”（What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion），由此可以看出，引起时尚变化的原因是多方面的，无法确定的，选项C“多样的”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章倒数第二

18、段提到现在的社会比以前自由、简单，不需要跟他人穿着一样。你可以穿你喜欢穿的衣服，做你喜欢做的发型，不是因为这些流行，单纯因为喜欢。（Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion），由此可知，现在重视的是“个性”。选项D符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到衣服发型可以出于自己的喜好进行选择，不必考虑是否流行，也不需要随大流。最后一段提到在正式的场合还是需要注重仪表，接着举了

19、一些例子来说明穿衣服应该分清场合。选项A “正式场合需要注重仪表”符合题意。6. 单选题A Korean manufacturer has （ ） us a price ten percent lower than yours.问题1选项A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer “涉及”；offer “提供”；give “给予”；tell “告诉”。句意：韩国生产商的出价比你们的低。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题He is a promising young man who is now studying at our grad

20、uate school. As his supervisor,I would like to （ ）him to your notice.问题1选项A.commendB.decreeC.presumeD.articulate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。commend “推荐，称赞”；decree “命令，颁布，判决”；presume “假定，推测”；articulate “发音，清楚地讲话”。句意：他是个有前途的年轻人，现在在我们研究院学习，作为他的导师，我乐意向你推荐他。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题You shouldnt have written in the （ ）since t

21、he book belongs to the library.问题1选项A.intervalB.borderC.marginD.edge【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。interval间隔，间距；border边境，边界；margin边缘，页边的空白；edge边缘，优势。句意：你不应该写在页边的空白处，因为这本书是属于图书馆的。选项C符合句意。9. 翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all members of society. All the goods

22、and services you buy, the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to the campus book store or to convi

23、nce your parents to finance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, advertising, or another field-in a for-profit firm o

24、r a nonprofit organization. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other areas.What does a business firm do in our economy

25、? Reduced to basics, businesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in todays competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine peoples needs and wants, and then produce goods

26、and services to satisfy them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说

27、很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中

28、扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。10. 单选题In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler （ ）respectable social scientists who agree with him.问题1选项A.r

29、ecitesB.confirmsC.quotesD.convinces【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。11. 单选题I wish to change my major in postgraduate study, because I know the competition in the computer department of Tsinghua is（ ）.问题1

30、选项A.fragrantB.formidableC.fierceD.flexible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。fragrant “芳香的，愉悦的”；formidable “强大的，可怕的”；fierce “凶猛的”；flexible “灵活的”。句意：我希望在研究生学习期间换个专业，因为我知道清华大学计算机学院的竞争太激烈。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题The journalist got the （ ）news that the famous actress would change her husband for the seventh time.问题1选项A.sentimen

31、talB.sensationalC.sensibleD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。sentimental意为“伤感的，多情的，多愁善感的”；sensational意为“轰动的，引起哗然的”；sensible意为“明智的，理智的，合理的”；sensitive意为“敏感的，易受伤害的”。句意：这位记者得到了一个轰动的消息，那就是这位著名女演员将第七次更换丈夫。13. 单选题At night, cars often （ ）small animals that are blinded by the headlights.问题1选项A.run overB.held upC.to

32、ok apartD.drove at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。run over碾过；hold up举起；take apart拆开；drive at用意所在。句意：晚上，汽车经常碾过被车头灯照懵了的小动物。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题The meeting was（ ） by the National Association of Women for the purpose of furthering the womens liberation movement.问题1选项A.chairedB.sponsoredC.participatedD.assigned【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析

33、。chair意为“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor意为“赞助（活动、节目）等，主办，举办”；participate意为“参加，参与”；assign意为“分派，选派，分配”。句意：会议由全国妇女协会主办，目的是促进妇女解放运动。15. 单选题I absolutely oppose the （ ）that privatization（私有化）is now inevitable in our industry.问题1选项A.noticeB.notionC.impressionD.conscience【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。notice通知；notion概念，见

34、解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。句意：我完全反对认为私有化在我们这个行业是不可避免的这种见解。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题Cares should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is（ ）loud continuous noise.问题1选项A.associated withB.subjected toC.filled withD.attached to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。be associated with意为“与联系”；be subjected to意为“受到，被折磨”；be

35、filled with意为“充满，装满”；be attached to意为“附属于，喜爱”。句意：应注意缩短人们遭受持续噪声的时间长度。17. 单选题It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past exp

36、eriences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves, memory is invo

37、lved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare t

38、he memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”- string of alphabetic or numerical characters- ready for instant use. An average U.S teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of Engl

39、ish. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large par

40、t of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.1.W

41、hich of the following is TRUE about memory?2.According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that （ ）.3.What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?4.What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to

42、the author?5.Human beings make themselves different from other animals by（ ）.问题1选项A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every dayB.It is based on the decisions we made in the pastC.It is rooted in our past habits and skillsD.It connects our past experiences with the present问题2选项A.it invo

43、lves a change in ones behaviorB.it keeps information for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past问题3选项A.Computers have better memory than a child doesB.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager isC.Computers can understand a

44、s many as 100,000 wordsD.Human beings are far superior to computers问题4选项A.It can be expanded by languageB.It can remember all the combined wordsC.It may keep all the information in the pastD.It may change what has been stored in it问题5选项A.having the ability to perceive dangerB.having a far greater me

45、mory capacityC.having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“大量日常认知的意义、我们做决定的依据和我们的习惯和技能的根源都是我们过去的经历，这些都是被记忆带到现在来的”（The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the d

46、ecisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory），由此可知，记忆能够将过去与现在联系起来，因此选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“记忆不仅仅是记住算数和历史事实这类事情，还包括动物典型行为的改变”（It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historica

47、l facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves），可知选项A“它涉及行为的改变”是正确的，排除；文章第二段第一句话提到“记忆被定义为是一种将信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use），由此可知选项B正确，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠记忆，可以把过去的经验与现在联系起来，选项D“记住过去发生的事情”正确，排除。因此，选项C符合题意。第3题:推理

48、判断题。文章第三段讲述了计算机强大的存储功能。计算机跟青少年都能记忆十万左右的英语单词，但是单词只是人类记忆中很小的一部分，人类还能记忆很多其他的内容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人脸和地方（However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight），可知人类比电脑要强，因此

49、选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“当语言极大的扩大人能够记住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力时，这需要有巨大的记忆存储量”（But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity），因此选项A“能够扩大存储量”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“可能就是这种记忆存储量将人类与其他动物区分开来”（It may well be this capacity tha

50、t distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals），因此选项B符合题意。18. 单选题When his contract was （ ）unexpectedly, he desperately needed a new job.问题1选项A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accomplish “完成，实现，达到”；expire “期满；终止”；fulfill “履行，实现，满足”；terminate “终止，结束”。句意：当他的

51、合同被出乎意料地终止时，他极度需要一份新工作。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Mr. Green has recently been（ ） to director of the presidents office.问题1选项A.pushedB.purchasedC.promotedD.promised【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。push “推”；purchase “购买”；promote “提升”；promise “承诺”。句意：格林先生最近升任为董事长办公室主任了。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题It was a wonderful occasion which we will （ ）for many years to come.问题1选项A.conceiveB.clutchC.cherishD.contrive【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conceive “构思，怀孕，考虑”；clutch “紧握，抓住”；cherish“珍惜”；contrive “设计，发明，图谋”。句意：在未来的很多年里我们都会珍惜这个美好的时刻。选项C符合题意。