2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第35期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Instead of the somewhat obnoxious nationalistic chest beating that went with a great deal the Singapore and Malaysia version of the “debate” over Asian values, what is now called for is an explanation of how the same set of cultural values could have produ

2、ced both the dynamos and the dominoes.问题1选项A.soberB.rhetoricC.banalD.very unpleasant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sober“冷静的”；B选项rhetoric“花言巧语的”；C选项banal“陈腐的”；D选项very unpleasant“极不愉快的”；very unpleasant正是表达了题目中“不愉快的”的意思。句意：与新加坡和马来西亚版本的亚洲价值观之“论战”所带来的令人不快的民族主义者的痛打相比，现在需要的是解释同一套文化价值观如何既产生了发电机又产生了多米诺骨牌。因此D选项正确。2.

3、单选题The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious.问题1选项A.spreadingB.contemptibleC.contentedD.depressing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的，会感染的”；A选项spreading“扩散的”；B选项contemptible“可鄙的”；C选项contented“满足的，心安的”；D选项depressing“沉闷的，阴沉的”。句意：问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。3.

4、 单选题On behalf of my company, I am（ ）to you and your colleagues for your generous help.问题1选项A.subjectedB.inclinedC.availableD.obliged【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项subject与to搭配，意思是“隶属于”；B选项incline to“倾向于”；C选项available to“供给”；D选项obliged to“感激”，句意：我代表我的公司，对你和你的同事们的慷慨帮助表示感谢。A，B，C项都不符合题意，故选D。4. 单选题After centuries of

5、 self-enforced（ ）, China has gained for herself a place in world affairs that brings her into the current of modern history.问题1选项A.cooperationB.monopolyC.dictatorshipD.seclusion【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项cooperation“合作，协作”；B选项monopoly“垄断”；C选项dictatorship“专政，专制”；D选项seclusion“隐居”。根据后文中国占据了一席之地，可推测，中国经过数百年的自

6、我专制，到达今天的地位。句意：经过数百年的自我实施后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历史的浪潮。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题Aircraft and rocket can be used to collect radioactive debris, while high-altitude satellites carry detectors for gamma rays and other emissions.问题1选项A.diffusionB.remainsC.glitterD.transfer【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。debris表示“碎片，残骸”。A项diffusi

7、on“扩散，传播”，B项remain“遗留，残骸”，C项glitter“闪光，灿烂”，D项transfer“转移”。句意：飞机和火箭可以用来收集放射性碎片，而高空卫星携带探测伽马射线和其他辐射的探测器。根据句意，该题选B正确。6. 单选题Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract. Thats（ ）. Of course I didnt agree. I would take legal action.问题1选项A.fraudB.blackmailC.briberyD.compensation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

8、A选项fraud“欺骗，欺诈”；B选项blackmail“勒索”；C选项bribery“贿赂”；D选项compensation“补偿，赔偿”。句意：你能想象嘛!他提出给我五千美元来违约，这是贿赂行为，我当然不会同意，我将采取法律手段。结合句意，选C。7. 单选题How successful people are in coping with a new culture（ ）a host of factors, such as ones primary culture and the specific behavior that is being modified.问题1选项A.are cont

9、ingent onB.is contingent onC.contingent uponD.being contingent upon【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项are contingent on“是取决于”；B选项is contingent on“依而定”；C选项contingent upon“视而定”；D选项being contingent upon“被视作”。be contingent on“取决于，依赖于”。此外句子的主句是一个从句，即主语从句，所以谓语动词用单数。句意：成功人士如何处理一种新文化很多因素，如一个人的原始教育和即将修正的具体行为。因此B选项正确。8. 单选

10、题The qualities demanded by the government were of a practical, moral and ethical nature, the objective being to perpetuate Confucian traditions which were（ ）in maintaining stability and sanctioning the imperial rule.问题1选项A.usefulB.essentialC.instrumentalD.vital【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项useful“有用的”；B选项es

11、sential“必不可少的”；C选项instrumental“有帮助的”；D选项vital“极其重要的”。虽然四个词放在题目中均读得通，但根据题意，我们选择最合适的，即B选项。句意：政府所要求的质量带有实在、道德伦理的本质，孔子传统对于维持稳定、认可帝国统治是的，这便是保持孔子传统的目的。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.问题1选项A.adva

12、ncedB.growingC.frontD.back【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。rear在句中是后面的，后方的；A选项advanced“高级的，先进的”；B选项growing“成长的”；C选项front“前面的”；D选项back“后面的”。句意：大脑后部不会随着年龄的增长而收缩，一个人可以在没有智力或情感能力的情况下继续生活。因此只有D符合。10. 单选题The Ever Victorious Army served as an (a)（ ）to the poorly organized, poorly trained, and poorly disciplined provincial

13、 forces of the governor.问题1选项A.serviceB.helpC.adjunctD.extension【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项service“维修，检修”；B选项help“帮助”；C选项adjunct“附属的”；D选项extension“拓展”。adjunct to“附属于，部下”，为固定搭配。help to在这里不符合题干内容，可排除。句意：常胜军队组织欠妥、训练不足、纪律不严的政府地方部队。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题None of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to b

14、eing（ ）of everything they do.问题1选项A.emotionalB.optimisticC.interestedD.critical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项emotional“情感的”；B选项optimistic“乐观的”；C选项interested“感兴趣的”；D选项critical“批评的，苛刻的”，句意：班里没有一个学生喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。所以选D。12. 单选题A centrally controlled military force was the guarantee of their continuation in

15、 power, but the army was a part of the administrative organization, and it too was（ ）corruption.问题1选项A.more likelyB.prone toC.less likelyD.tending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项more likely“更可能的”；B选项prone to“有倾向的”；C选项less likely“最不可能的是”；D选项tending“照顾”。根据题意，只有“prone to易于，倾向于”符合。A中“more likely”需要接to，构成“more like

16、ly to do sth.”才正确。句意：虽然中央集权的武装力量是他们连续执政的保障，但是军队只是管理机构的一部分，并且它腐败堕落。本句表达“也容易发生腐败”。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题Such an incident fits into the larger pattern of calculated indoctrination. He emphasized sincerity and loyalty as the cardinal virtues and tried to soften some of the（ ）edges of Lis personality.问题1选项A.smo

17、othB.roughC.evenD.uneven【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项smooth“光滑的”；B选项rough“艰苦的，粗糙的；粗野的；猛烈的；充斥暴力的；危险的”；C选项even“平坦的”；D选项uneven“不平衡的，不公正的，不正直的”。由题干soften“使温和；使缓和；使变柔软”可知是使李性格中粗野的（或者说危险的）棱角。句意：这样的事件符合更大的有计划的灌输模式。他强调真诚和忠诚是李的基本美德，并试图抚平他性格中的一些棱角。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflec

18、tion of their different（ ）.问题1选项A.performancesB.personalitiesC.qualitiesD.debut【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项performance“表现”，B项personality“人格，个性”，C项quality“质量”，D项debut“初次登台，开张”。句意：他们的反应如此不同，反映了他们不同的个性。根据句意，该题选B正确。15. 不定项选择题(1) The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible s

19、ide, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, ve

20、nted long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland

21、expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.(2) In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack, they were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and f

22、or a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented. In

23、 part, too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of C

24、hinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentrys traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were t

25、he only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.(3) Although it was

26、 the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were to be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive natur

27、e of ruler and ruled.(4) In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might, the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning

28、 missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.36. In a vague way, anti-Christian feeling stemmed from（ ）.37. The author would agree that（ ）.38. With which of the following statements would the author agree?39

29、. Missionaries（ ）.40. Provincial authorities（ ）.问题1选项A.the mere presence of invadersB.a generalized unfocused feelingC.the introduction to the WestD.none of the above问题2选项A.many problems in China came from internal disorders due to W eastern influence.B.many problems in China came from China itself

30、and were unrelated to the West.C.scapegoats perform a necessary function and there should be more of them.D.all of the above are true.问题3选项A.Ethnocentricism is a manly tradition.B.The disdain toward Christianity was prefigured by a disdain toward Buddhism.C.Although Christianity was not well receive

31、d in China, Buddhism was.D.The author would agree with A and C.问题4选项A.often dressed the same way as Chinese scholars didB.were free of the legal constraints that bound the local indigenous populationC.had greater access to authority than Chinese peasantsD.may be described by all of the above问题5选项A.c

32、ooperated fully with the central governments policyB.were alive to local feelingsC.were obliged to determine whether local sentiment tolerated implementationD.may be described by B and C.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】36.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“以一种模糊的方式来看，反基督教情绪来源于”。根据文章第一段The sources of anti-Chr

33、istian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most

34、important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity.（反基督教情绪的来源很多，而且很复杂。在更难以捉摸的方面，人们普遍对西方国家不必要的入侵感到不满；人们有一种可以理解的倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊。或许最重要的是，印度存在着一种强大的民族中心主义传统，早在反对印度佛教之前就有了，印度

35、佛教从17世纪开始就关注西方基督教。）可知，在这里连续提到了三个反基督教的可能因素，可知这种反基督教的因素并不是单一的，也不是固定的，所以B项“一种普遍的、不集中的感觉”更符合题意。A项“入侵者的出现”和C项“西方的引进”只是其中一个因素；D项“以上都不是”错误。故该题选B。37.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意”。根据第一段第二句there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributa

36、ble to the West（人们有一种可以理解的倾向，即为与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊）可知，中国内部的很多问题并不是西方因素引起的，因此B项“中国的许多问题都是中国自己造成的”符合题意。A项“中国的许多问题都是由于受西方的影响而产生的内乱，与西方无关”，内容与原文不符；C项“替罪羊发挥了必要的作用，应该有更多的替罪羊”文中没有提到替罪羊发挥了作用，该项错误；D项“以上都是正确的”错误。故该题选B。38.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者可能会同意下列哪一个观点？”。根据第一段第二句there was a virile tradition of ethnoce

37、ntricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism （印度有一种强大的民族中心主义的男性传统，早在反对印度佛教之前就有了），这句话中的virile(男性的)等同于manly，所以A项“民族中心主义是男性的传统”正确。B项“对基督教的蔑视是以对佛教的蔑视为预兆的”，内容在文章并无体现，所以B项不选。根据against Indian Buddhism可知C项“虽然基督教在中国不太受欢迎，但佛教很受欢迎”错误。D项“作者同意A项和C项的观点”错误。故该题选A。39.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“传教士”。第二段最后两句提到Mi

38、ssionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that g

39、ave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.（传教士，尤其是天主教徒，经常穿着儒家文人的服装。除了这些被允许与政府进行社会平等交流，在内地享有“治外法权”和享有更大的中国法律豁免权的绅士之外，他们是当地唯一享有这些的人。），由此可知A项“经常穿着和中国学者一样的衣服”，B项“摆脱了束缚当地土著居民的法律约束”和C项“比中国农民更容易获得权力”都有提及，所以D项“以上都可描述”正确。故该题选D。40.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“省级政府”。最后一段提到

40、the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and d

41、estroying future effectiveness.（官员在他所管制的当地几乎总是一个陌生人，依靠当地绅士阶层的积极合作。在直接蔑视绅士情绪的情况下，积极地尝试执行条约规定有关传教活动会冒着疏远这个阶级和破坏其效果的风险。）可知这句话表达了官方对当地人的依赖和官方要是不顾当地人民的情绪，实行传道活动，就会有疏远当地人和破坏传道的效果的危害；所以我们可以推断官方关注当地人民的感觉，同时官方有义务去弄清楚人们是否可以容忍传道活动的进行。故B项“关心当地人的情感”和C项“有义务决定当地人情绪是否能容忍传道的实施”都正确。A项“充分配合中央政府的政策”，文章没有提到。因此D项“可以用B项和C

42、项来描述”符合题意。故该题选D。16. 翻译题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights.

43、 The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over 1 billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of wat

44、er contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.【答案】参考译文：水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水的权力是人类尊严的生活所

45、必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水的权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权。17. 问答题The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring grou

46、ps, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory（库存）system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States.The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by

47、 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900. While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars

48、. By the 1840s many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it

49、around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850s, only to be inter

50、rupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and proper

51、ties. By the season of 18761877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.81. What was the trend for the resident stock companies at the end of the 19th century?82. According to the passage, the major reason for the decline of the resident stock companies wa

52、s83. Why did many important actors join some minor players in 1840s?84. According to the passage, the development of full touring companies was aided by85. Why is Lawrence Barrentt mentioned in the passage?【答案】81.They declined/dwindled gradually and almost disappeared by 1900.82.The major reason was

53、 the rise of the “combination” company.83.For they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.84.Railway system85.He served as an example of the development of full company and he took an early combination company on tour.【解析】81.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句had

54、 dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900.（到1878年减少到20个，到1880年减少到8个，到1887年减少到4个，到1900年几乎消失）可知答案。82.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：居民股票公司衰落的主要原因。定位到文章第一段第四句 While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” compan

55、y.（虽然造成这种变化的原因很多，但最重要的可能是美国经济的崛起“联合”公司）可知答案。83.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后By the 1840s many major actors were for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.（到了18世纪40年代，许多主要的行动者已经开始与一小部分较小的行动者合作，因为他们不能确定当地公司是否能够在次要的领域提供足够的支持）可知答案。84.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：为什么许多重要

56、的演员在1840年加入了一些次要的角色?定位到文章倒数第三句It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions.（它如雨后春笋般出现在19世纪70年代，因为铁路系统的迅速扩张使得运输全部产品变得越来越可行。）可知答案。85.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句可知，本段主旨是关于合并公司的起源。定位到文章最后两句In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his

57、 company（1872年，劳伦斯巴雷特接管了他的公司）；By the season of 1876-1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.（到1876年至1877年的这个季节，有近100家联合公司，到1886年有282家），由此可知是在举关于combination company on tour的例子，而且根据文意可知Lawrence Barrett接手了早期的合并公司。18. 单选题An examination of the stages of hi

58、s rise, the methods he employed to strengthen himself, and the institutional reforms he effected in order to maintain his power helps us（ ）the factors and dynamics of power within a bureaucratically dominated society.问题1选项A.think ofB.account forC.considerD.weigh【答案】B【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项think of“想起”；B选项acc

59、ount for“解释，说明”；C选项consider“考虑”；D选项weigh“权衡”。根据前文通过利用某种方法，以及后文官僚统治的社会中权力的因素和动态，可以推测方法解释了这种因素，B选项正确。句意：通过对他成名阶段的调查，发现他用来加强自身实力的方法和为了维护其权利的体制改革帮助我们了官僚主义占主导的社会中的权利因素和权利力量。因此B选项正确。19. 单选题I didnt know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.问题1选项A.ha

60、rmfulB.persistentC.interruptiveD.characteristic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的，扰乱性的”；A选项harmful“有害的”；B选项persistent“持久稳固的”；C选项interruptive“中断的，阻碍的”；D选项characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我当时不知道，但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。20. 单选题Because Chinese social tradition emphasized the（ ）of the individual to his

61、birthplace and family, those gentry who served in public office were discouraged from concerning themselves with their native localities.问题1选项A.glueB.feelingsC.separationD.attachment【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项glue“胶”；B选项feeling“感觉”；C选项separation“分离”；D选项attachment“连接，联系”，attach to“连接到”，为固定搭配。句意：因为中国的社会传统强调个人与他的出生地和家庭的连接，所以那些公职人员对于将他们与他们的祖籍在一起感到很懊丧。因此D选项正确。