2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第79期

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize

2、on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to

3、develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent

4、 years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular str

5、ength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some he

6、alth benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Healt

7、h Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.1.The word spas (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to （ ）.2.Early fitness spas were intended mainly for（ ）.3.What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?4.People were given physical fitness tests in order to find ou

8、t（ ）.5.Recent studies have suggested that weight training（ ）.问题1选项A.sports activitiesB.places for physical exerciseC.recreation centersD.athletic training programs问题2选项A.the promotion of aerobic exerciseB.endurance and muscular developmentC.the improvement of womens figuresD.better performance in ae

9、robic dancing问题3选项A.Positive.B.IndifferentC.NegativeD.Cautious问题4选项A.how well they could do in athletics.B.what their health condition was likeC.what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD.whether they were fit for aerobic exercise问题5选项A.has become an essential part of peoples lifeB.may well

10、affect the health of the traineesC.will attract more people in the days to comeD.contributes to health improvements as well【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。spas所在句为: Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed arou

11、nd the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness.( 随着上百万人投入到有氧操运动中， 数以千计的health spas在全国内发展开来，企图在这场健身热潮中获利)。因此spas应该指某场所, 排除A、D。而文章讨论的主题是健身运动而不是娱乐休闲，故答案选项为B项 “健身锻炼场所”。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular m

12、ass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts (他们关注的不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养男性爱好者肌肉质量、力量和耐力的重量训练项目), 这里的their指的早期健身场所。因此选B “耐力和肌肉发育”。3.观点态度题。文章指出: These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that w

13、eight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits (这些健身场所井没有从这场热潮中获得很好的经济收益因为医学观点认为，体重训练项目对健康的益处很少（就算有的话）)。由此可见，医学观点（也就是医生的观点）对weight training的态度应该是非常消极的，可以选择C。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词physical fitness tests定位至最后一段: Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscula

14、r strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics (过去，多数健康测试通常包含肌肉力量和耐力项目，这不是出于对健康的考虑，而是因为这些因素与体育竞技成绩相关), 因此选A “了解他们在体育竞技中能获得怎样的成绩”。5.细节事实题。第二段指出: However, in recent years, evidence has shown that tra

15、ining programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well (然而最近有证据表明，主要用来提升肌肉力量和耐力的训练项目对健康也是有好处的)。因此选D “负重训练对健康也是有好处的”。2. 单选题For several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in t

16、he afternoon gentleman from the neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During the time, all my knowledge of him was limit to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and

17、smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile

18、on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “do you think Im handsome, Miss Eyre?”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: “No sir.”“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, bu

19、t you can be almost rude.”“Sir, Im sorry. I should have said that beauty doesnt matter, or something likes that.”“No, you shouldnt! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhap

20、s you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.”I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, “yes, you are right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have b

21、een very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasnt my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because youre the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets t

22、o, because youre sympathetic and give them hope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didnt seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Dont be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “You dont relax or laugh very much; perhaps because of the effect Lowood

23、school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, arid speak freely. Youre like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, youll fly very high. Good night.”1.At the beginning Miss Eyres impressions of Mr. Rochester were all EXCEPT （ ）.2.In “.all my knowledge of him

24、 was limit to occasional meetings about the house., the word “about” means（ ）.3.Why did Mr. Rochester say .and then you stab me in the back!”？（7th Para）4.From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyer, we can conclude that he wanted to（ ）.5.At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sound（ ）.问题1选项A.busyB.soci

25、ableC.friendlyD.changeable问题2选项A.aroundB.onC.outsideD.concerning问题3选项A.Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.B.Because Jane had intended to be more critical.C.Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.D.Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.问题4选项A.tell her all hi

26、s troublesB.tell her his life experienceC.change her opinion of himD.change his circumstances问题5选项A.rudeB.coldC.friendlyD.encouraging【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章中有关简爱对罗彻斯特印象的描述主要在文章前两段。根据第段中的 In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentleman from the

27、 neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him (上午他似乎有很多工作要做，下午隔壁的绅士会邀请他并且有时候会和他一起吃晚餐), 由此可知选项A “繁忙”和选项B “善于交际的”属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象；根据第二段的His changes of manner did not offend me. (对于他这种多变的态度，我也没有在意)可知选项D “易变的”也属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象，而选项C“友好的”没有在文章中体现，故答案 选项为C。2.词义题。about 所在句为: During the time, all my

28、 knowledge of him was limit to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile (那吋，我对他所有的了解仅限于偶尔几次在家中的碰面，这时候这位邻居也只会是冷冷地从我身旁走过，但是有时候会鞠躬微笑)，原文中的occasional meetings about the house是指在家里的几次偶尔的碰面，分析四个选项A “在周围”，B“在上面”，C “在外面”和D “有关，关于”可知around the h

29、ouse与文中的about the house意思最接近，故答案选项为A。3.判断推理题。题干部分所在句为: I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! (我明白了，你批判我的外表，然后在后面捅了我一刀，这 里的stab me in the back字而意思是“从背后中伤我，背后捅我一刀”但是这里是一个比喻， 说明简爱的话非常直接，将他伤的更深了，故答案选项为B“因为简爱的话更加有批判性了”；选项A “因为简爱打算用持刀杀了他”只是字面意思；选项C “因为 简爱后悔跟他说话”在文章中没有体现；选项D

30、“因为简爱说了一些纠正的话”，他之所以感觉受伤更深原因在于简爱说话的内容而不是说话的行为，故选项D也不对。4.判断推理题。题目是问“从罗彻斯特对简爱说的话中我们可以知道罗彻斯特的目的是什么”，四个选项分别为根据文章倒数第三段中的 Why do I tell you all this? Because youre the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because youre sympathetic and give them hope(我什么要告诉你这些？因为你是那种让人非常愿意把自己的问题和秘密说出来的人

31、，因为你非常有同情心而且能给人希望), 可知罗彻斯特只是单纯地愿意将自己的经历讲给简爱听，并不带任何其他的目的，故答案选项为B项 “想要告诉简爱他的人生经历”。5.判断推理题。文章最后一段中罗彻斯特的话主要是对简爱进行鼓励，特别是这一句: Youre like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, youll fly very high (你就像是一只的笼中小鸟，当年挣脱了笼子，你就会飞得更高)，由此可知答案选项为D “令人鼓舞的， 鼓励的”。3. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great （ ）and th

32、erefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】句意: 这个市长是一位非常正直的女士，因此值得我们在政治上和经济上的支持。形近词辨析。Intention意图，目的; instinct本能，直觉; integrity 正直, 诚实; intensity强烈，激情。根据句意判断C正确。4. 单选题Although he has become rich, he is still very （ ）of his money.问题1选项

33、A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful【答案】C【解析】句意: 尽管他变得富有了，他在花钱方面仍然很节俭。形容词辨析。 Economic 经济的, 经济学的; careful仔细的，小心的; thrifty和frugal 都有“节俭”的意思，从搭配上讲，通常是be thrifty with和be frugal of; 从意思上讲，frugal指生活中节俭，不浪费钱财：thrifty指精打细算；因此C符合句意和搭配。5. 单选题One of the favorite foods in the United States is the hamburger, a k

34、ind of flat round bread with fine-cut beef in between. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes to get it over the counter, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the re

35、staurant to eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. Most of the restaurants sell hamburgers or other popular foods amon

36、g Americans. In addition, there are many fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice cream. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American w

37、ay of life. First, they are not formal restaurants. People wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food restaurant is no

38、t expensive. Therefore, people can often eat at a fast food restaurant without spending too much money, while they may not be able to go to more expensive rest1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?2.Fast food restaurants are popular because they （ ）.3.According to the writer,

39、 American people（ ）.4.According to the passage, the favorite restaurants in the U.S. are（ ）.5.The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.Chinese food is also served in some fast food restaurantsB.People can have almost every kind of food in fast food restaurantsC.Fast food can be taken out o

40、f the restaurantsD.Fast food can be taken out of the restaurants问题2选项A.are manyB.are fastC.are expensive restaurantsD.serve expensive food问题3选项A.are always busyB.prefer ordinary type of dressC.do not want to spend too much time preparing their foodD.go to more expensive restaurants very often问题4选项A.

41、the Chinese restaurantsB.the fast food restaurantsC.more expensive restaurantsD.less expensive restaurants问题5选项A.Fast food Restaurants in the U.S.B.The Favorite Food in the U.S.C.The American Way of LifeD.Different Kinds of Restaurants【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章最后一段指出: most food in a

42、 fast food restaurant is not expensive(快餐店的大多数食物都不贵),因此C项错误。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life (快餐店很受欢迎，因为它们展现了美国人的生活方式),后面指出了受欢迎的第二点原因,即快餐店很快。因此B正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: people who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food.( 忙碌的人不想花时间准

43、备食物),因此C正确。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: Fast food restaurants are popular,而且文章都是在讲快餐店很受欢迎。故B项 “快餐店”正确。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲快餐店的点餐方式,第二段讲美国快餐店种类之多,第三段讲快餐店受欢迎的原因。因此A项“美国的快餐店”正确。6. 翻译题Have you heard of the news? No sooner had he arrived in Rome than he was kidnapped!Smith failed to account for the decrease in the companys

44、annual profits.No one could come up with an easy solution to the labor shortage which is caused by the wars.Although the end of the term was close at hand, Tom had not completed all off the projects he had hoped to finish.I dont think it is sensible of you to show off your greater knowledge in front

45、 of the chairman, for it may well offend him.It doesnt make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.The flood-stricken area is liable to plagues, so it makes sense to strengthen the epidemic prevention there for the sake of health.The government had to come to terms

46、 with the trade union for fear that the situation might be beyond control.The scientific and technological progress is attributed to the efforts of the scientists, engineers and other technical workers who have made a difference.He should have told the truth. But on second thought, he resolved to ke

47、ep the secret.【答案】你听说了吗？他一到罗马就被绑架了。斯密斯没能解释公司年利润下降的原因。没人能提出一个合适的方案来解决由这场战争导致的劳工短缺问题。尽管就要学期末了，但是汤姆还没有完成所有他想完成的项目。我觉得你在校长面前炫耀自己丰富的知识是不明智的，因为这可能会冒犯他。当便宜的大衣跟贵的一样好的时候，那还买贵的就没意义了。遭受洪灾的地区容易发生瘟疫，所以为了健康而加强流行病防疫是有意义的。政府不得不与工会达成协议，唯恐局面失控。科技进步归功于科学家、工程师和其他技术工作者做出的努力。他本应该说出真相的。但进一步考虑后，他决定保守秘密。7. 单选题She resorted t

48、o （ ）when she had no money to buy foods for her children.问题1选项A.have stolenB.stealC.stoleD.stealing【答案】D【解析】句意: 当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西吋，她就开始偷。固定搭配。resort to依靠，求助于。其中to是介词， 后接动词时需用-ing形式。8. 单选题The course normally attracts 20 students per year, （ ）up to half will be from overseas.问题1选项A.in whichB.for whomC.with

49、 whichD.of whom【答案】D【解析】句意: 这门课程通常每年会吸引二十名学生，其中有一半是留学生。语法题。考查定语从句。题干后半部分为定语从句修饰先行词20 students。定语从句中缺少关系词。选项D中, of表示 “在中”, 后面接关系代词which。9. 单选题The machine looked like a large,（ ） , old-fashioned typewriter.问题1选项A.forcefulB.clumsyC.intenseD.tricky【答案】B【解析】句意: 这台机器看上去像一台又大又笨的老式打字机。形容词辨析。Forceful强有力的，有说服

50、力的; clumsy笨拙的(贬义); intense强列的，紧张的; tricky狡猾的，机警的。因此B符合句意。10. 单选题No matter how frequently （ ），the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.问题1选项A.performedB.performingC.to be performedD.being performed【答案】A【解析】句意: 不管贝多芬的作品演奏多频繁，都能吸引大量的观众。语法题。考查动词时态语态。perform 与主语 the works of Beethoven 在逆辑上是动

51、 宾关系，且“演奏”与句子谓语“吸引”没有时间上的先后顺序，用过去分词作状语。No matter how frequently performed是省略了be动词are。故选A。11. 单选题People who refuse to （ ）with the law will be punished.问题1选项A.obeyB.consentC.concealD.comply【答案】D【解析】句意: 拒绝遵守法律的人要受到惩罚。动词辨析。obey服从，遵守。consent同意，准许; conceal隐藏，隐瞒; comply遵从，服从。A和D都符合句意。但是obey后面直接接宾语。故选D。12.

52、单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th （ ）the birth ofJesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】句意: 圣诞节是基督教祌圣的日子，通常在12月25日举行庆祝，以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。短语辨析。in accordance with 依照, 与一致; in terms of 就而言, 根据；in favor of 赞成; in honor of向 表示

53、敬意, 为庆祝。故D符合句意。13. 单选题Frances （ ）of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.问题1选项A.assumptionB.consumptionC.resumptionD.presumption【答案】C【解析】句意: 上个月法国恢复在南太平洋的核试验引起了政治辩论和群众的抗议。形近词辨析。Assumption假定，假设; consumption消费; resumption恢复; presumption推测，

54、假定。因此C符合句意。14. 单选题Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac, or alveolus, and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the wall

55、s into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs.When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide b

56、ut very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lini

57、ng of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart, which sends it out to all other parts of the body.Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its

58、oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are cont

59、rolled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rate to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you bre

60、athe in, or inhale, while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale.Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nit

61、rogen. This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: (1) about one-fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood; (2) an almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of th

62、e blood into the air and (3) moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.1.It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide（ ）.2.When blood travels back to the lungs by the heart,（ ）.3.The movement of breathing can effectively（ ）.4.When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen（ ）.5.The air in the lungs changes through（ ）.问题1选项A.produce energy for breathingB.diffuse immediately in the bloodC.penetrate slowly into the air sacsD.travel in opposi