2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第10期

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题A degree of _ between nurses and patients and their relatives can be considered an advantage in convincing people to volunteer as donors.问题1选项A.estrangementB.adversaryC.hostilityD.intimacy【答案】D【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项estrangement“疏远；失和”；B选项adversary“对手；敌手”；C选项hostil

2、ity“敌意”；D选项intimacy“亲密”。句意：护士和患者及其亲属之间的_程度有利于说服人们成为志愿捐赠者。根据后文be considered an advantage “被认为是一种优势”，可推断护士和患者及其亲属之间的关系应该是好的，D选项intimacy“亲密”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。2. 单选题It has been announced that physicists from different countries will gather in New York for a _ next month.问题1选项A.symphonyB.symmetryC.sympos

3、iumD.symptom【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. symphony 交响乐 B. symmetry 对称（性）C. symposium 研讨会 D. symptom 征兆【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】前文提到“来自不同国家的物理学家聚集到一起”，而空格处所填词是他们聚集到一起的目的，C选项symposium“研讨会”最符合语义逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均为symposium“研讨会”的形近词，但都不能使原句前后语义衔接。【句意】据通知，来自不同国家的物理学家将于下个月聚集在纽约参加一个研讨会。3. 单选题Mr. Bloom is not _ now, but he

4、 will be famous someday.问题1选项A.significantB.dominantC.magnificentD.prominent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项significant“明显的，意义重大的”；B选项dominant“占优势的；显性的，生物专业名词”；C选项magnificent“壮丽的，宏伟的，值得赞扬的”；D选项prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：虽然布朗（Bloom）先生现在不_，但他总有一天会出名的。根据后一个分句推断，前一个分句是说布朗先生现在不出名。D选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。4. 单选题The

5、Parthenon, a building in Athens, Greece, is perhaps one of the most Memorable structures on Earth. Built 25 centuries ago, it is one of the great architectural of the ancient world. There are many reasons for its greatness.BackgroundAthens was the most important city in ancient Greece. In 480 B. C.

6、Greece attack by both the Persian army and the Persian navy. The Athenian commander, Themistocles, knew that his forces could not defeat the Persian array then marching toward Athens. Hoping instead to make a stand against the Persians at sea, Themistocles and his forces fled Athens for a nearby isl

7、and. Although the Persian army overwhelmed Athens and left it in ruins, the Greek navy, led by Themistocles, annihilated the Persian fleet. This victory by the Greeks led all Persian forces to retreat within one year.About 30 years later the building of the Parthenon began. Construction took place b

8、etween 447 and 432 B.C. During the rule of Pericles, the Parthenon was constructed on the same site as an unfinished structure intended to honor the men who had lost their life in an earlier battle against the Persians. The Parthenon would stand as a symbol of the strength lives and importance of th

9、e Greek people.LocationMany important cities in ancient Greece had an acropolis, or “high city”, on which people constructed important buildings. The acropolis was the highest and most defensible location, so it also served as a fortress in the event of enemy attack. The Parthenon is located about 5

10、00 feet above the city of Athens. Before the Parthenon could be built, some areas of the acropolis had to be leveled down, and other areas had to be built up. Then a large, solid foundation was constructed out to limestone blocks. The entire area was buttressed by a reinforcing wall.DescriptionThe P

11、arthenon is a rectangular structure consisting of two inner areas surrounded by columns. There are eight columns at each end and seventeen columns along each side. It is a large structure, considering when it was built. It is about 200 feet long and about 100 feet wide. It stands about 60 feet high.

12、ConstructionOne extraordinary aspect of the Parthenon is its construction. It required between 20,000 and 30,000 tons of marble that had to be precisely carved so that huge blocks of it could be fitted together without mortar to form the columns and interior walls.Perhaps even more impressive are th

13、e “optical corrections” that were used. The columns bulge slightly in the middle because experience had shown the Greeks that perfectly straight columns would not look straight to viewer. Because comer columns normally smaller than others, the comer columns of the Parthenon were made slightly thicke

14、r and were placed closer to the other columns. The columns were also designed to lean inward slightly because perfectly perpendicular columns seem to slant outward. Furthermore the platform on which the Parthenon sits was made to curve upward in the middle because perfectly level floor would appear

15、to sag in the center.The Parthenon stands today despite the fact that the centuries that have passed. It is a timeless tribute to the enduring culture of the Greek people and is considered a model of excellence in concept and construction. It established the classic style of architecture seen today

16、in many public buildings, such as the White House and. the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. D.C. This architectural style is a lasting gift from the ancient Greeks to the modem world.21. The author of the Passage probably views the Parthenon with _.22. In this passage, the word “annihilated” means _.

17、23. The passage suggests that most important cities in ancient Greece had an acropolis to _.24. The reader can conclude that the Parthenon _.25. What is the approximate length of the Parthenon?问题1选项A.amusementB.suspicionC.amazementD.disapproval问题2选项A.destroyed completelyB.understoodC.examined carefu

18、llyD.survived问题3选项A.protect themselves in case of invasionB.house a ParthenonC.imprison the Persian forcesD.honor Pericles问题4选项A.had columns made of limestoneB.required much effort to buildC.had a palace inside for the leader of AthensD.was never completely finished问题5选项A.60 feetB.100 feetC.200 feet

19、D.500 feet【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】21. 【选项释义】The author of the Passage probably views the Parthenon with _. 这篇文章的作者可能用_来看待帕台农神庙（Parthenon）。A. amusement A. 娱乐B. suspicion B. 怀疑C. amazement C. 惊讶D. disapproval D. 反对【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】本题询问的是作者如何看待帕台农神庙。原文首段提到“希腊雅典的帕台农神庙可能是地球上最令人难忘的（the most Memora

20、ble）建筑之一”；中间各段分别介绍了神庙的背景、地址、建筑特征等；原文最后一段提到“它是对希腊人民持久文化的永恒致敬（a timeless tribute），被认为是理念和建设方面的卓越典范（a model of excellence in concept and construction）”，以及“这种建筑风格是古希腊人送给现代世界的永恒礼物（a lasting gift）”。由此可知，作者整体上是赞扬这个神庙的，惊讶于它的成就，语气也比较正式和认真，C选项“惊讶”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“娱乐”、B选项“怀疑”、D选项“反对”不符合原文语气。22. 【选项释义】In this p

21、assage, the word “annihilated” means _. 在这篇文章中，“annihilated”这个词的意思是_。A. destroyed completely A. 完全摧毁B. understood B. 理解C. examined carefully C. 仔细检查D. survived D. 幸存【考查点】词汇推断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词annihilated定位到原文Background小节第1段倒数第2句，该句提到“尽管（Although）波斯军队（Persian army）击溃了（overwhelmed）雅典（Athens）并将其夷为废墟，但在Them

22、istocles的带领下，希腊海军（the Greek navy）_了波斯舰队（the Persian fleet）。”根据句意可知，前后两句句意之间存在转折关系，前一句讲到波斯军队打败了雅典，那么后一句应该是说希腊海军赢了波斯海军。并且后文提到“希腊人的胜利（victory）导致波斯军队在一年内全部撤退”，由此可知，希腊人胜利了。因此，该词的词义应该为A选项“完全摧毁”。【干扰项排除】B选项“理解”、C选项“仔细检查”、D选项“幸存”不符合原文语境。23. 【选项释义】The passage suggests that most important cities in ancient Gre

23、ece had an acropolis to _. 这篇文章表明，古希腊最重要的城市都有一个卫城来_。A. protect themselves in case of invasion A. 在遭受侵略时保护自己B. house a Parthenon B. 放一座帕台农神庙C. imprison the Persian forces C. 囚禁波斯军队D. honor Pericles D. 纪念伯里克利【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词most important cities in ancient Greece和an acropolis定位到原文Location小节，该小节

24、第2句提到“卫城是海拔最高、防御能力最强的地方（most defensible location），因此在敌人进攻时，它也可以作为要塞（served as a fortress in the event of enemy attack）。”由此可知，卫城的目的是用来防御的，A选项“在遭受侵略时保护自己”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“放一座帕台农神庙”、C选项“囚禁波斯军队”、D选项“纪念伯里克利”，非原文所说建造卫城的目的，该选项属于无中生有。24. 【选项释义】The reader can conclude that the Parthenon _. 读者可以得出结论，帕台农神庙_。A.

25、had columns made of limestone A. 柱子是石灰石做的B. required much effort to build B. 需要付出很大的努力才能建成C. had a palace inside for the leader of Athens C. 里面有一座纪念雅典领袖的宫殿D. was never completely finished D. 从未完全完成【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Parthenon和选项关键词build定位到原文Description和Construction小节。Description小节提到“考虑到它建成的时间，它是

26、一个很大的结构（a large structure）。它大约有200英尺长，100英尺宽。它大约有60英尺高。”另外，Construction小节第1段第2句，该句提到“它需要两万到三万吨的大理石（marble），这些大理石必须经过精确的雕刻（be precisely carved），才能在不使用灰泥的情况下（without mortar）组装成圆柱和内墙。”由此可知，该神庙很大，并且工艺很复杂，B选项“需要付出很大的努力才能建成”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“柱子是石灰石做的”，原文提到柱子是大理石做的，而不是石灰石，该选项表述错误；C选项“里面有一座纪念雅典领袖的宫殿”，可定位到原文Ba

27、ckground小节，本节第2段第3句提到“在伯里克利统治时期，帕台农神庙（the Parthenon）和一座未完工的建筑建在同一地点，该未完成的建筑的目的是（an unfinished structure intended）纪念在早期与波斯人的战斗中牺牲的人。”由此可知，纪念雅典领袖的宫殿不是帕台农神庙，该选项属于张冠李戴；D选项“从未完全完成”，可定位到原文Background小节，本节第2段第2句提到“建造于（Construction took place）公元前447年至432年之间”，由此可知，帕台农神庙修建完成了。并且由C选项解析可知，未完成的是另一个建筑，该选项属于张冠李戴。25

28、. 【选项释义】What is the approximate length of the Parthenon? 帕台农神庙的大概长度是多少？A. 60 feet A. 60英尺B. 100 feet B. 100英尺C. 200 feet C. 200英尺D. 500 feet D. 500英尺【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词length of the Parthenon定位到原文Description小节，该节倒数第2句提到“它大约有200英尺长（200 feet long），100英尺宽。”因此，本题答案为C选项“200英尺”。【干扰项排除】A选项“60英尺”、B选项“10

29、0英尺”、D选项“500英尺”均不符合原文。5. 单选题Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging consumption.问题1选项A.contaminatingB.extinguishingC.stimulatingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. contaminating 污染，弄脏 B. extinguishing （使）消亡，破灭C. stimulating 激励；促进 D. transpor

30、ting 运输；使身临其境【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】划线部分是前文“低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件”带来的结果；原文and并列fueling a housing construction boom“_住房建设热潮”和encouraging consumption“鼓励消费”，那么划线词应与encouraging“鼓励”语义方向一致，C选项stimulating“刺激；激励”符合语境。原词fuel“刺激；推动”。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与原文语境不符。【句意】低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件，推动了住房建设热潮并鼓励了消费。6. 翻译题诚然，揭发一个不道德行为问题，大都不是一件容易的事。有时候，匿

31、名是可能的，但并不总是这样。过去，曾发生被控告者或被怀疑的同事进行报复的事并产生了严重后果。关于不轨行为的任何举报，都是一个需要认真对待的重要指控。如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位，乃至整个科学。【答案】Admittedly, it is not always easy to expose an unethical behavior. It is possible to be anonymous sometimes, but not always. In the past, there were cases of retaliation by accused or s

32、uspected colleagues with serious consequences. Any allegation of misconduct is important and should be taken seriously. If not handled properly, a single one can seriously harm the accused, the accuser, the institution concerned, and science as a whole.7. 单选题During pregnancy, the blood carries essen

33、tial _ and oxygen to the developing baby and carries away waste.问题1选项A.nutrientsB.nuisanceC.initiativesD.ration【答案】A【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项nutrients“营养物；养分”；B选项nuisance“损害；麻烦事”；C选项initiatives“倡议”；D选项ration“配给量，定量”。句意：在怀孕期间，血液携带必要的_和氧气给发育中的婴儿，并带走废物。空格词与氧气并列，都是婴儿需要地东西，A选项nutrients“营养物；养分”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。8.

34、单选题The elevation of the assistant coach to the head coaching position within only 9 months was a surprise.问题1选项A.raiseB.promotionC.transferD.precedence【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. raise 加薪 B. promotion （职位）晋升C. transfer（工作）调动 D. precedence 优先【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】原句从助理教练（assistant coach）到主教练（head coaching）是职位的晋升，B选项“

35、（职位）晋升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”【干扰项排除】A选项raise“加薪”，原句侧重职位提高，而不是工资的增加；C选项transfer“（工作）调动”，没有B选项“（职位）晋升”具体；D选项precedence“优先”，不符合原文逻辑。【句意】助理教练在短短9个月内晋升为主教练，这是一个惊喜。9. 单选题Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging consumption.问题1选项A.contaminatingB.

36、extinguishingC.stimulatingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】考查句间逻辑的并列关系。A选项contaminating“污染，弄脏”；B选项extinguishing“偿清（债务）；取消（权利、义务）”；C选项stimulating“刺激；激励”；D选项transporting“运输；使产生身临其境的感觉；流放”。句意：低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件，_了住房建设热潮并鼓励了消费。原文and并列的是fueling a housing construction boom和encouraging consumption“鼓励消费”，那么划线词应与encouragin

37、g“鼓励”语义方向一致，C选项stimulating“刺激；激励”符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为C。10. 单选题The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentallyor a sudden insight

38、, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in itbut no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. Thats up to you.A research paper, assigned in a co

39、urse and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classroom, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. I

40、t provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can

41、do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce

42、a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But there is no need to

43、approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.11. According to the writer, personal discoveries _.12. It can be infer

44、red from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances _.13. From the context, the word “disconcerting” (Para. 3) most probably means _.14. The writer argues in the passage that _.15. What will probably follow this passage?问题1选项A.will give one encouragement and directionB.are helpful i

45、n finding the right informationC.are the most valuable part of ones personal educationD.will help one to successfully complete school assignments问题2选项A.to fully develop ones personal abilitiesB.to use the skills learnt in the classroomC.to prove that one is a productive writerD.to demonstrate how we

46、ll one can accomplish school assignment问题3选项A.misleadingB.embarrassingC.stimulatingD.upsetting问题4选项A.one should explore new areas in researchB.one should trust ones own ability to meet course requirementsC.one should consider research paper writing a pleasure, not a burdenD.one should use all ones k

47、nowledge and skills when doing research问题5选项A.How to write a research paper.B.The importance of research in education.C.How to make new discoveries for oneself.D.The skill of putting pieces of information together.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】11. 判断推理题。题干“作者认为个人发现_”可定位到原文第1段第4句Such personal enco

48、unters are the “payoff” in education.（这种个人发现是教育的“回报”。）这里的“personal encounters”指的就是第2句Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you!（没有什么能比你自己发现对你来说重要的东西更让你开心！）中的“发现”，由此可知，作者认为个人发现是教育的回报，C选项“（个人发现）是一个人的个人教育中最有价值的部分”，一个东西的回报肯定是它最有价值的，C选项表述与原文相符；A选项“会给鼓励和指引”可

49、定位到原文第1段倒数第2句A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it（老师会指导你学习，甚至会鼓励你），由此可知，“鼓励和指引”是老师带来的，而非个人发现，排除；B选项“（个人发现）会帮助你找到正确的信息”可定位到第1段第3句It may be an idea or a bit of informationworking through a problem.（这也许是你偶然的一个想法或发现可以解决问题。）这句话承接的是第2句中提到的“发现”，所以“找到正确信息”是“发现”的内容，而不是个人发现的作用，B选项

50、表述与原文不符，排除；D选项“（个人发现）有助于学生顺利完成学校作业”，可定位到第2段第3句It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries（它给你提供一个框架，在这个框架里你可以做出令人兴奋的发现），这句话中的it指的是前文的Preparing the research paper（准备研究论文），即“学校的作业”。由此可知，学校作业为个人发现提供框架，D选项表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。12. 判断推理题。题干“从文章中可以推断出，写一篇研究论文给_提供了机会”可定位到原文第2段第6

51、句It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks.（这是一种探索、理解和综合的经历，它构成了许多技能的基础，适用于学术和非学术任务。）由此可知，写研究论文锻炼了各种技能，A选项“充分发展个人能力”表述与原文相符。B选项“运用课堂上所学的技能”、C选项“证明自己是个多产的写作者”、D选项“证明自己能很好地完成学校布置的作业”原文均未提

52、及。因此，本题最佳选项为A。13. 语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文第3段第1句To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting.（对一些人来说，想到要写指定的页数，往往比以前写的页数还要多，是_。）原文中“disconcerting”与“想到要写比以前还要多页数的研究论文”有关。第3段第3句But there is no need to approach the research paper ass

53、ignment with anxiety（但没有必要焦虑地完成研究论文作业），but表示转折，由此推断disconcerting的意思跟“焦虑”差不多，D选项“令人心烦意乱的”符合语境；A选项“误导的”、B选项“尴尬的”、C选项“刺激的”均不符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为D。14. 主旨大意题。题干“作者在文中论证了_”。本文一共3段，第1段主要内容个人发现的重要性：它是个性化教育中最令人兴奋和快乐的成果；第2段主要内容写研究论文的作用：写一篇个性化的研究论文有助于个人发现，有助于发展个人能力；第3段主要内容作者的倡议：不要带着焦虑写研究论文，而应该把它看成一个可以实现的目标。由此可知，本文层

54、层引入，意在说明写研究论文很重要，要把写研究论文当成可实现的目标，而不是障碍。C选项“人们应该把写研究论文当成一种乐趣，而不是一种负担”最符合原文；A选项“人们应该探索新的研究领域”、B选项“一个人应该相信自己满足课程要求的能力”、D选项“做研究时应该运用所有的知识和技能”均不太相符。因此，本题最佳选项为C。15. 判断推理题。题干“接下来的段落可能会讲什么”。根据原文最后一句话Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.（相反

55、，你应该把它当作一个可以实现的目标，一个只要你使用这本书的帮助就可以达到的目标。）这里的it指的是前文的the research paper（研究论文）。由此可知，选段应该是一本书的引言，而后文将要写的内容应该是如何实现这个目标，即完成一篇研究论文。A选项“如何写一篇研究论文”最符合原文。B选项“研究在教育中的重要性”是文章第2段的内容，排除；C选项“自己怎么有新发现”、D选项“整合碎片化的信息的技能”均偏离行文逻辑。因此，本题最佳选项为A。11. 单选题Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid d

56、evelopment at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced as slowly for two thousand yearsand why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded a

57、s the products of our own timesare questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that t

58、his singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidentsto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanat

59、ion is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point

60、 with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new

61、 appeals to observation under the guidance of deductionby steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ

62、adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observationthese are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the anc

63、ients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latterproves als