2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷86（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题I grew up in my parents pub in England where there was always a lot of drama, and all the dramafights, flirting, tears, tantrumsrevolved around love. I also watched my parents destroy their own love for each other. Since that time Ive been on a mission to figur

2、e out exactly what love is. My mother described it as “a funny five minutes.” Its also been called a mysterious mix of sentiment and sex, or a combination of infatuation and companionship. Well, its more than that.My personal insights, gleaned from researching and counseling more than a thousand cou

3、ples over 35 years, have now merged with a growing body of scientific studies, to the point where I can now say with confidence that we know what love is. Its intuitive and yet not necessarily obvious: Its the continual search for a basic, secure connection with someone else. Through this bond, part

4、ners in love become emotionally dependent on each other for nurturing, soothing, and protection.We have a wiredin need for emotional contact and responsiveness from significant others. Its a survival response, the driving force of the bond of security a baby seeks with its mother. This observation i

5、s at the heart of attachment theory. A great deal of evidence indicates that the need for secure attachment never disappears; it evolves into the adult need for a secure emotional bond with a partner. Think of how a mother lovingly gazes at her baby, just as two lovers stare into each others eyes.Al

6、though our culture has framed dependency as a bad thing, a weakness, it is not being attached to someone provides our greatest sense of security and safety. It means depending on a partner to respond when you call, to know that you matter to him or her, that you are cherished, and that he will respo

7、nd to your emotional needs.The most basic tenet of attachment theory is that isolationnot just physical isolation but emotional isolationis traumatizing for human beings. The brain actually codes it as danger. Gloria Steinem once said a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle. Thats nonsense.T

8、he drama of love that I saw played out at the bar each night as a child is all about the human hunger for safe emotional connection, a survival imperative we experience from the cradle to the grave. Once we do feel safely linked with our partner, we can tolerate the hurts they will inevitably inflic

9、t upon us in the course of daily life.1.The word “drama” (line 1&2, paragraph 1 )can be best replaced by（ ）.2.We can infer that（ ）.3.The need for emotional contact and responsiveness from significant others is（ ）.4.According to the author,（ ）.5.This passage（ ）.6.We can infer that the British culture

10、（ ）.7.According to the author, there has been a great deal of evidence that the need for secure emotional attachment is（ ）.8.When we feel safely linked with our partner（ ）.问题1选项A.highly emotional eventsB.dramatic works performed on a stageC.literaryworks acted on a stageD.dramatic arguments问题2选项A.th

11、e authors parents were divorcedB.the author is marriedC.love for a couple exists only for 5 minutesD.love is infatuation and companionship问题3选项A.strongB.sometimes weakC.regularD.developed over time问题4选项A.love is marked intuitionB.dependency is not a weaknessC.attachment theory can explain everything

12、 about loveD.isolation is tolerable for lovers问题5选项A.clarifies the misconceptions about loveB.describes the most basic tenet of loveC.studies love from the perspective of scienceD.redefines the concept of love问题6选项A.discourages physical isolationB.encourages emotional attachmentC.is supportive of de

13、pendencyD.endorses independence问题7选项A.short-livedB.everlastingC.less intenseD.fading way gradually问题8选项A.we will not argue with him or herB.whatever our partner says or does matters a lot to usC.the physical and emotional isolation is bearableD.we will tolerate the hurts they will inflict on us【答案】第

14、1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:D【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“all the dramafights, flirting, tears, tantrumsrevolved around love.”可知, 这些都是和情绪相关的时间, 所以选项A正确。2.根据第一段第二句“I also watched my parents destroy their own love for each other.”可推测, 作者的父母离婚了。选项A正确。选项B在文中没有信息提及。选项C和D是作者母亲的看法。3.根据第三段第一句“We have a wiredin

15、need for emotional contact and responsiveness from significant others.”可知, 这种需求是强烈的, 选项A正确。4.根据第四段第一句“Although our culture has framed dependency as a bad thing, a weakness, it is not, being attached to someone provides our greatest sense of security and safety.”可知, 作者认为依赖不是弱点, 选项B正确。选项A表述不完整；选项C表述太绝

16、对；选项D也不正确。5.作者在第一段提出母亲对爱的看法, 下文给出了自己的见解, 这是对爱的概念重新进行定义, 所以选项D最恰当。6.根据第四段第一句“Although our culture has framed dependency as a bad thing, a weakness,.”可知, 这里的文化指的就是英国文化, 他们认为依赖是一件坏事, 是一个弱点。也就是说他们认可独立自主, 选项D符合原文。7.根据第三段第四句“A great deal of evidence indicates that the need for secure attachment never disa

17、ppears.”大量证据表明, 对安全感的需求从未消失, 也就是持久的, 选项B正确。8.根据最后一段最后一句“Once we do feel safely linked with our partner, we can tolerate the hurts they will inevitably inflict upon us in the course of daily life.”可知选项D与原文表述一致。2. 单选题Dead Sea is a saltwater lake in southwestern Asia. Its shore, which lies about 399 me

18、ters below sea level, is the lowest place on the surface of the earth. The Dead Sea is the saltiest body of water in the world. It is about nine times as salty as the ocean. The lake lies at the mouth of the River Jordan and forms part of the border between Israel and Jordan.The salty waters of Dead

19、 Sea appear smooth and sparkling. Rocky and barren land surrounds the lake, and steep, brightly colored cliffs rise above its eastern and western banks. The lake is called the Dead Sea because few plants and no fish except brine shrimp live in its waters. In addition, little plant life grows in the

20、salty soil around the Dead Sea.The Dead Sea lies in the Ghor, a deep fault (break in the earths outer shell, along which rock has moved). The lake covers about 1,040 square kilometers. It is 18 kilometers wide at its widest point and about 80 kilometers long.A peninsula called At Lisan juts into the

21、 Dead Sea from its eastern shore and divides the lake into a large northern basin and a smaller southern basin. The lakes deepest part is in the northern basin. In this area, the lake bosom lies 400 meters below the surface and about 799 meters below sea level.Since the early 1900s, the water level

22、of the Dead Sea has been slowly falling. The region gets less than 100 millimeters of rain annually. The River Jordan and several streams pour relatively fresh water into the lake. The fresh water mixes with salty water at the surface. But extreme heat in the area causes this water to evaporate rapi

23、dly. Thus, the Dead Sea never grows less salty. The high salt content of the water provides great buoyancy, enabling swimmers to float with ease.The Dead Sea contains large quantities of minerals, including common salt, bromine, calcium chloride, and potassium chloride. An Israeli company called the

24、 Dead Sea Work extracts the minerals from the water for use in making such products as table salt, fertilizer, and drugs.At the southern end of the Dead Sea a network of dikes forms shallow pools that cover more that 100 square kilometers. These pools evaporate and leave behind mineral solids, which

25、 are then refined by the Dead Sea Works. Some people believe that bathing in the Dead Sea is healthful because of its high mineral content. Several health resorts in the area provide facilities for bathers.The Dead Sea was probably formed millions of years ago when the Arabian peninsula and the Afri

26、can continent shifted and formed the Great Rift Valley. The Dead Sea is mentioned in the Bible as The Salt Sea. The ancient cities of Sodom and Gomorrah stood near the lake.1.What are the striking main features of the Dead Sea?2.Extreme heat is responsible for（ ） .3.Scholars are not quite sure about

27、（ ） .4.The Dead Sea is （ ） .5.The water in the Dead Sea is so salty that people can（ ） .6.From the passage, we can conclude that （ ） .7.In the phrase In this area in line 3 of paragraph 4, this area refers to （ ） .问题1选项A.Dead Sea is a part of Asia.B.It is the saltiest and lowest lake of the world.C.

28、Dead Sea is not so dead that some fish can live in its water.D.The region gets a lot rain annually.问题2选项A.the high salt content of the waterB.rich resourcesC.a long historyD.the water of the Dead Sea问题3选项A.the Salt SeaB.the BibleC.mineralsD.the formation of the Dead Sea问题4选项A.to the southeastern Asi

29、aB.not barren landC.abundant in mineralsD.dead问题5选项A.bathe in it for medical purposeB.swim in itC.float easily in the waterD.use it as the only source for salt问题6选项A.the water level now is lower than it was before early 1900sB.many health resorts are built around the Dead Sea since early 1900sC.ther

30、e is no life in the Dead SeaD.the heavy rain each year greatly dilute the water in the Dead Sea问题7选项A.the Dead SeaB.At LisanC.Northern basinD.Southern basin【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C【解析】1.根据第一段的二三句“Its shore, which lies about 399 meters below sea level, is the lowest place on the surfac

31、e of the earth. The Dead Sea is the saltiest body of water in the world.”可知, 死海最显著的几个特征是海拔最低, 海水最咸, 所以选项B符合原文。2.根据第五段的倒数二三句“But extreme heat in the area causes this water to evaporate rapidly. Thus, the Dead Sea never grows less salty.”该地区的极端高温导致这些水迅速蒸发。因此, 死海的盐分从未减少过。也就是海水含盐量大, 所以选项A正确。3.根据最后一段的第一句

32、“The Dead Sea was probably formed millions of years ago.”由“probably”可以推测, 学者们对死海的形成不太确定。选项D正确。4.根据第七段倒数第二句“.bathing in the Dead Sea is healthful because of its high mineral content.”有些人认为, 在死海洗澡是健康的, 因为它富含矿物质。选项C正确。5.根据第五段最后一句“The high salt content of the water provides great buoyancy, enabling swim

33、mers to float with ease.”含盐量极高的水提供了巨大的浮力, 使游泳者可以轻松漂浮。选项C符合原文。6.根据第五段第一句“Since the early 1900s, the water level of the Dead Sea has been slowly falling.”可知选项A符合原文, 其他选项均表述错误。7.根据原文上一句提到, 这个湖最深的地方在北部水域, 下一句指出湖泊位于水面以下400米, 海平面以下约799米, 说明“In this area”指的就是北部水域, 选项C正确。3. 写作题For this part you are required

34、 to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following topic. Please write your composition clearly on the Answer Sheet provided.TOPIC: In China there is a group of girls called leftover girls, generally referring to those girls who are well beyond the normal marriage age but s

35、till remain single, and who also usually have a higher salary, and advanced academic degree. In reality, it is not that they cannot find a partner from many. There are various reasons. Please analyze this social phenomenon from your own point of view. Please use enough support to illustrate your pos

36、ition. 【答案】My View on “Leftover Girls”4. 单选题Shell fish give the （ ） appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence although in fact life is a constant struggle for them.问题1选项A.misledB.deceptiveC.initialD.understandable【答案】B【解析】句意：贝壳鱼给人一种享受平静生活的假象, 但实际上它们的生活是一场不断的斗争。misled为动词, 把.带错方向, 误导, 放在此处不符合语法； dec

37、eptive迷惑的, 虚伪的；initial最初的；understandable可以理解的。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题Desert animals（ ） a means of retaining moisture in such a hot, dry climate if they are to survive.问题1选项A.needingB.to needC.neededD.need【答案】D【解析】句中缺少谓语, 选项A和B不能做谓语, 首先排除；再根据前后谓语需保持一致的原则, 可知选项D正确。6. 单选题Paper clips, drawing pins and safety-pin

38、s were （ ）all over the floor.问题1选项A.sprayedB.separatedC.dispersedD.scattered【答案】D【解析】spray喷雾, 喷射；separate分离, 隔开；disperse分散, 多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散；scatter指人或物向四处散开, 或把物随意撒开。句意：回形针、图钉和安全别针散落在地板上。所以选项D正确。7. 写作题For this part, you are required to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to /he fol

39、lowing topic. Please write your composition clearly on the Answer Sheet providedTOPIC: Do you want to take a job that is well-paying but demands highly or a job that pays you moderately but demands lightly? Please choose one option and write an essay of at least 150 words. Please use adequate materi

40、al to support your position. 【答案】My Choice on Job8. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960

41、s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very lar

42、ge number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser be

43、am, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams

44、that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is new possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through: the eyeball. No knives no stitches, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder.Operatio

45、ns which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now he tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very

46、 exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can he treated medically.1.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find t

47、hat（ ） .2.The laser beam is so strong because（ ） .3.Surgeons can now carry out operations which （ ） .4.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that （ ） .问题1选项A.medical help became available for industrial workersB.the study of art went through a complete revolutionC.more and more surgeon

48、s began using surgical instrumentsD.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely问题2选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD.it sends out heat in many different directions问题3选项A.can be perf

49、ormed successfully only on the human eye.B.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little damage to the patients themselves问题4选项A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.surgery is likely to improve co

50、nsiderablyC.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世纪60年代，一种新工具被开发出来，它首先对军队和工业有很大的实用价值，同时也及时地使手术发生了革命性的改变。这种工具就是激光。选项中只有选项D符合原文。2.根据第二段的最后两句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。这意味着，本来不比普通电灯泡产生的能量多的光，在集中成为针尖大

51、小的光束后，就会变得非常强。选项A符合原文。3.根据第三段最后一句“ No knives no stitches, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder.”不用手术刀，不用缝针，没有不必要的伤害真正的外科奇迹。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知，也许有些癌症可以用激光治疗，这只是作者的推测，并没有真正实现，所以选项A和D错误；将来我们可以看到越来越多需要用药物治疗的病可以用激光治疗，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确；只有选项B符合原文。9. 单选题With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are ever

52、ywhere. No industry is spared. If you end up having to start over, in addition to starting your job search, there are several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one.First and foremost, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last job with your ex-bo

53、ss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fired or were laid off due to budget cutbacks, make sure you both have the same explanation. Agree on job titles accordingly. Also ask for a reference if you think your ex-boss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performan

54、ce.You should have a source of emergency cash that you can use in the interim. Dont panic and liquidate your stocks and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You should save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less take-ou

55、t lunches. Save money by not eating out at restaurants and watch videos rather than going to the movies every weekend. Mark a note of your job-hunting expenses, such as career counselor consulting fees and resume printing costs, and save the receipts. By next years tax-filing time, you could get ded

56、uctions on your job-search expense (unless you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking for your first job).Most companies terminate your medical insurance coverage as soon as you stop working for them. But it doesnt mean you have to forgo medical coverage altogether. There is somethin

57、g called Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) in the United States that legally protects an ex-employees right to stay in the companys health care plan. However, the company will stop paying your premiums, and you will have to pay out of your pocket the expenses. This is still a go

58、od option compared to no health insurance at all.Another important thing to take care of when you change jobs is your 401(k) account. A 401(k) is the retirement fund that most companies offer. Its named after section 401(k) in the Internal Revenue Services policy documents. You put aside a percentag

59、e of your paycheck each pay period, and the money accumulated will be managed by the 401(k) fund manager your employer has hired and is invested in the stock market. You cannot withdraw money from this account until you reach this age, or you will incur penalties. When you leave a job, the money can

60、 sometimes be kept with your ex-employer for awhile. Its always a good idea to compare your new employers 401(k) plan with your old one. Every company offers different types of investment options, form overseas stocks to high-tech stocks and everything in between. If you dont want to transfer the ac

61、count to your new employer, you need to go to the human resources department and ask for forms that help you make the transition.Dont forget to ask for job leads from your ex-coworker. Even if you are leaving for a job in another industry, you never know what people they happen to know that can help

62、 with your job search. Keep in touch with the friends you have make at your old job. Remember to anchor yourself to people, not institutions, and you will find that any transition is made easier.1.According to paragraph 1, in the United States,（ ）.2.The word “interim” most probably means （ ） .3.What

63、s the point of saving the receipts of job-searching expense?4.COBRA ensures an ex-employee stay in the health care plan （ ） .5.Which statement is true according to this passage?问题1选项A.most industries stay unaffected by global economic recessionB.each and every company spares no effort to survive the fierce competitionC.“compulsory redundancy” is going on in every indu