2022年考博英语-同济大学考试题库及模拟押密卷89（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The heavy snow _ travel, so he had to stay here for more days.问题1选项A.impeachedB.impelledC.impededD.imparted【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。impeached “归咎，弹劾”；impelled “推进，促使”；impeded “阻碍”；imparted “给予，传授，告知”。句意：大雪阻碍了旅行，所以他必须在这儿多待几天。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The hands on my alarm clock are _，

2、so I can see what time it is in the dark.问题1选项A.exoticB.gorgeousC.luminousD.spectacular【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。exotic“奇异的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“极好的，华丽的”；luminous“发光的，发亮的”；spectacular“壮观的，惊人的”。句意：我手边上的指针会发光，所以我能在黑暗中看清时间。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The losing candidate _ immediately after the polls had closed.问题1选项A.confessedB.

3、concededC.concurredD.admitted【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。confessed “承认，认罪”；conceded “承认，坦白”；concurred “同意”；admitted “承认”。句意：投票选举结束后，输掉的候选人立即坦白承认了。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题No form of government in the world is _; each system reflects the history and presents needs of the region and the nation.问题1选项A.dominantB.influentialC.

4、integralD.drastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant“统治的，支配的”；influential “有影响的，有权势的”；integral “整体的”；drastic “严厉的，激烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何形式的政府是统治性的，每种制度都反映了历史，反映了地区，反映了宗教和国家的需要。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Ever since its discovery, Pluto has never really fitted in. After the pale and glowing giant Neptune, it is little more than a

5、cosmic dust mite, swept through the farthest reaches of the solar system on a planet wildly tilted relative to the rest of the planets. It is smaller than Neptunes largest moon, and the arc of its orbit is so oval that it occasionally crosses its massive blue neighbors path.For years, it has been se

6、en as our solar systems oddest planet. Yesterday，however, scientists released perhaps the most convincing evidence yet that Pluto, in fact, is not a planet at all. For the first time, astronomers have peered into a belt of rocks beyond Pluto unknown until 10 years agoand found a world that rivals Pl

7、uto in size. The scientists posit that larger rocks must be out there，perhaps even larger than Pluto, meaning Pluto is more likely the king of this distant realm of space detritus than the tiniest of the nine planets.When discovered in 1930，“Pluto at that point was the only thing (that far) out ther

8、e, so there was nothing else to call it but a planet,” says Mike Brown, an astronomer at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. “Now it just doesnt fit.” In one sense, the question of Pluto s planetary status is arcane, the province of pocket-protected scientists and sun-deprived pen pu

9、shers determined to decide some official designation for a ball of dust and ice 3 billion miles away.Yet it is also unquestionably something more. From science fair dioramas to government funding, planets hold a special place in the public imagination, and how Pluto is eventually seenby kids and Con

10、gress alikecould shape what future generations learn about this mysterious outpost on the edge of the solar system. The debate has split the astronomical community for decades. Even before the distant band of rocks known as the Kuiper Belt was found, Plutos unusual behavior made it suspicious.Elsewh

11、ere, the solar system fit into near families: the rocky inner planets，the asteroid belt, the huge and gaseous outer planets. Pluto, though, was peculiar. With the discovery of the Kuiper Beltcountless bits of rock and ice left unused when the wheel of the solar system first formedPluto suddenly seem

12、ed to have cousins. Yet until yesterday, it held to its planetary distinction because it was far larger than anything located there.The rub now is Quaoar (pronounced KWAH-oar), 1 billion miles beyond Pluto and roughly half as large. Named after the creation force of the tribe that originally inhabit

13、ed the Los Angeles basin, Quaoar forecasts problems for the erstwhile ninth planet, says discoverer Dr. Brown: “The case is going to get a lot harder to defend the day somebody finds something larger than Pluto,”To some, the problem is not with Pluto, but the definition of “planet.” In short，there i

14、s none. To the Greeks, who coined the term, it meant “wanderer,” describing the way that the planets moved across the night sky differently from the stars behind them. Today, with our more nuanced understanding of the universe, the word no longer has much scientific meaning.New Yorks Hayden Planetar

15、ium caused a commotion two years ago by supposedly demoting Pluto, lumping it with the Kuiper Belt objects in its huge mobile of the solar system. In reality, however, the planetarium was making a much broader statement, says Nell Degrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist there. The textbooks of the future

16、should focus more on families of like objects than “planets.” The discovery of Quaoar strengthens this idea: “Everyone needs to rethink the structure of our solar system,” he says. “Weve just stopped counting planets. Still, many are loath to part with the planet Pluto. They note that Pluto, in fact

17、, is distinct from many Kuiper Belt objects. It has a thin atmosphere, for one. It reflects a great deal of light, while most Kuiper Belt objects are very dark. And unlike all but a handful of known Kuiper Belt objects，it has a moon. “Maybe Pluto，then, should be representative of a new class of plan

18、ets,” says Mark Sykes, an astronomer at the University of Arizona in Tucson. “Its the first example, and we are just beginning to find this category.”1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?2.From when was Pluto seriously questioned about its planetary status?3.The sentence “In sho

19、rt，there is none.” (Para. 7) can be paraphrased as which of the following?4.Which of the following does not support the statement that Pluto is our “solar Systems oddest planet”?5.The word “commotion” in the expression “New Yorks Hayden Planetarium caused a commotion two years ago” (Para. 8) can be

20、replaced by _.问题1选项A.Rocks larger than Pluto have been found in the Kuiper Belt.B.The Kuiper Belt did not exist when Pluto was first discovered.C.The astronomers are divided with regard to the status of Pluto.D.There is almost no difference between Pluto and other Kuiper Belt objects.问题2选项A.As early

21、 as 1930.B.More than a decade ago.C.When the Kuiper Belt was discovered.D.When Quaoar was discovered.问题3选项A.There is no problem with Plutos planetary status.B.There is not much difference between Pluto and other planets.C.There is yet no scientific definition of the term “planet.”D.There is no clear

22、 distinction between planets and stars.问题4选项A.It is farthest from the sun.B.It is unusually small.C.Its orbit is too oval.D.It mainly consists of dust and ice.问题5选项A.exchange of opinionsB.thorough investigationC.wild imaginationD.agitated confusion【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Th

23、e debate has split the astronomical community for decades.”，对冥王星的定位问题，几十年来争论一直存在于天文界。所以天文学家对冥王星的地位意见不一。选项C符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“however, scientists released perhaps the most convincing evidence yet that Pluto, in fact, is not a planet at all. For the first time, astronomers have peered into a belt

24、of rocks beyond Pluto unknown until 10 years agoand found a world that rivals Pluto in size.”，可知，科学家发现了能够证明冥王星不是行星的证据，天文学家直到十年前观察了冥王星以外的岩石带，发现了一个大小和冥王星差不多的世界。根据文章第四段，“Even before the distant band of rocks known as the Kuiper Belt was found”，可知这些岩石带是被叫做凯伯带。所以在凯伯岩石带被发现的时候，就产生了怀疑。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第七段一

25、二句，“To some, the problem is not with Pluto, but the definition of “planet.” In short，there is none.”，可知问题不在于冥王星，而是对于行星的定义，反正没人能说得清楚，可推测对 “行星”这一词汇还没有科学的定义。选项C符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Pluto has never really fitted init is little more than a cosmic dust mite, swept through the farthest reaches of the solar

26、 system on a planet wildly tilted relative to the rest of the planets. It is smaller than Neptunes largest moon, and the arc of its orbit is so oval.”，可知人们把冥王星看作一个奇怪的行星的原因有：横扫太阳系最远的地方、比海王星最大的卫星要小、轨道是椭圆形的。所以并没有提到它是由冰和尘埃组成，选项D符合题意。 5.词义题。根据文章第八段，“demoting Pluto, lumping it with the Kuiper Belt objects

27、 in its huge mobile of the solar system.”，海顿天文馆是把冥王星降级，把它归类为太阳系中库伯带小星体。根据文章最后一段，“They note that Pluto, in fact, is distinct from many Kuiper Belt objects.”，可知他们发现冥王星与库伯带小行星中的很多星体又有明显的不同。所以海顿天文馆的这一举动引来了更多的困惑和混乱。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题After the disaster of flood，people all over the village made _ effort to reb

28、uild their home.问题1选项A.superfluousB.tenuousC.strenuousD.fatuous【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。superfluous “多余的，不必要的”；tenuous “无关紧要的”；strenuous “费力的，紧张的”；fatuous “愚笨的，昏庸的”。句意：洪灾过后，全村的人们都努力重建家园。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Mutual respect for territorial _ is one of the bases upon which our two countries develop relationships.问题1选

29、项A.unityB.integrityC.entirelyD.reliability【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。unity“统一”；integrity “完整，正直”; entirely “完全地”；reliability“可靠性”。句意：对领土完整的相互尊重是两国关系发展的基础之一。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题It is advisable to _ an electric wire with rubber in order to secure safety.问题1选项A.desolateB.resoluteC.insolateD.insulate【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。deso

30、late “使荒凉，使孤寂”；resolute “坚决的，刚毅的”；insolate “使暴晒”，insulate “隔离，使绝缘”。句意：为了安全起见，最好在电线涂上橡胶以绝缘。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Having a few too many drinks can mean more than just a blackout or a bad hangover. People who engage in binge drinking are courting danger, experts warn.Binge drinking is most common at colleges a

31、nd universities, where many adults treat drinking to excess as a rite of passage. A 1997 study from the Harvard School of Public Health reports that 42. 7 % of all college students engage in binge drinking. The well-publicized deaths of several college students from binge drinking in 1997 highlights

32、 the risks.An 18-year-old freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology drank himself into a coma and died. A 20-year-old fraternity pledge at Louisiana State University died from alcohol poisoning.“Alcohol is always toxic. Its really a poison，”said Steven Schandler，professor of psychology a

33、t Chapman University and chief of addiction research at the Long Beach Veterans Affairs Health Care System, who added that binge drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning. “Because its a poison, like any other poison, if you take in a little bit, you might tolerate it, but if you take in a lot, you mig

34、ht die.Administrators and doctors say that college freshmen are especially at risk for alcohol poisoning, in part because they often lack the maturity to refrain or stop. And for some who may be new to drinking, their bodies have a relatively low tolerance for alcohol.But problems with alcohol arent

35、 limited to teenagers and young adults. A 39-year-old Buena Park man recently recalled that two days of steady imbibing on a trip to Las Vegas several years ago left him in bad shape.Doctors say blood alcohol levels of about 4 %five times the legal intoxication limit of 0. 8%can induce potentially l

36、ethal side effects in most people. Alcoholics have higher limits. Although not well understood，enzymes that break down and expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys do so more effectively in seasoned drinkers, allowing them to tolerate more, Schandler said.Regardless of a persons tolerance, alcohol exe

37、rts its influence when the amount of alcohol taken in exceeds the amount that the body can digest. At that point, alcohol passes from the bloodstream into the brain and begins its attack. Alcohol first affects the brain s cortex，which controls more sophisticated thought processes. That s why people

38、generally become less inhibited under the influence of alcohol，and some are more willing to try things that could be dangerous to themselves or others.Coordination, mainly controlled by the cerebellum, is the next to go, leading to slurred speech and difficulty walking in a straight line. As excessi

39、ve drinking continues, alcohol moves deeper into the brain until “it gets to the very basic structure of the brain stem that affects things like respiration and heart beat,” said Dr. Bret Ginther, an assistant clinical professor of emergency medicine at UC Irvine.At that point, people may pass out o

40、r fall into a coma. Their vital signs may weaken. “The most common cause of death from alcohol poisoning is respiratory arrest，” said Ginther. Eventually, the heart simply stops. Getting to that point is fairly unusual. But Ginther said that at least once or twice a month, patients are brought into

41、the emergency room at UCI Medical Center in Orange suffering from alcohol poisoning.College officials say they are always on the lookout for alcohol abuse but say there is no fail-safe method to keep students from drinking. Many colleges try to educate students, especially those caught drinking ille

42、gally or causing disruptions. The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention in Newton, Mass，advocates a community-based approach that includes administrators, faculty, police and businesses in the fight to curb binge drinking, in part by being on alert for people abusing alcohol.

43、 The center also stresses the importance of parental guidance and urges parents to have frank discussions with their children about excessive drinking.1.From the passage，we can learn that “binge drinking” is _.2.Why are college freshmen especially at risk for alcohol poisoning according to administr

44、ators and doctors?3.What can enzymes do when one is drunk?4.Which of the following is TRUE?5.Binge drinking may most seriously lead to_.问题1选项A.an excessive consumption of alcoholB.drinking oneself into a comaC.drinking poisonous alcoholD.a kind of illegal drinking问题2选项A.Their bodies are not used to

45、alcohol.B.They cannot refrain themselves.C.They are under greater pressure.D.Both A and B问题3选项A.They help drunken people survive when they take in more alcohol than tolerable.B.They help people in coma regain consciousness.C.They expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys.D.They can make people stay con

46、scious.问题4选项A.College officials are aware of the seriousness of students binge drinking but cannot do anything.B.College officials are taking measures to prevent binge drinking though without much success.C.College officials think that they do not have any methods to stop students from drinking.D.Co

47、llege officials just stand by without doing anything to the problem.问题5选项A.deathB.crazinessC.disabilityD.unconsciousness【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段，“Binge drinking is most common at colleges and universities, where many adults treat drinking to excess as a rite of passage.”，可知Bing

48、e drinking在大学是很常见的，许多成年人把饮酒过量看作是人生的一种仪式，所以binge drinking应该是过度饮酒的意思。选项A符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“in part because they often lack the maturity to refrain or stop. And for some who may be new to drinking, their bodies have a relatively low tolerance for alcohol.”，可知一方面原因是缺乏克制，另一方面是刚开始喝酒对酒精耐受度较低。选项D符合题意。3.

49、细节理解题。根据文章第七段，“enzymes that break down and expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys do so more effectively in seasoned drinkers, allowing them to tolerate more”，可知酶能分解并且排出肝脏和肾脏的酒精, 这对经常喝酒的人效果更好，这样他们可承受更多酒精。选项C符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句，“College officials say they are always on the lookout for alcohol a

50、buse but say there is no fail-safe method to keep students from drinking.”，可知大学行政人员一直密切关注饮酒一事，但没有相对安全的方法能阻止学生饮酒。选项B符合题意。 5.细节理解题。根据文章第七段第一句，“Doctors say blood alcohol levels of about 4 %five times the legal intoxication limit of 0. 8%can induce potentially lethal side effects in most people.”，可知血液内酒

51、精含量为4%时，是法定的酒精中毒的限度0. 8%的五倍，对大部分人产生致命的影响。所以会造成致命伤害。选项A符合题意。 10. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspecti

52、ves. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary community to scholars and teachers physically scattered throughout a cou

53、ntry or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great li

54、braries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware，produced by a few superstar teachers，marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology prof

55、essor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of caree

56、r academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education，that does not mean greater uniformity in course contentor other dangers will necess

57、arily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, universi

58、ty students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education s

59、hould be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programme

60、s for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This woul

61、d require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students colleagues in collaborativ

62、e efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses o

63、n the Internet, betweenor even duringsessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.1.Whe