2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及模拟押密卷81（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.The air we breathe is so freely available that we take it for granted. Yet without it we could not survive more than a few minutes. For the most part, the same air is available to everyone, and everyone needs

2、it. Some people use the air to sustain them while they sit around and feel sorry for themselves. Others breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make a magnificent life for themselves.Opportunity is the same way. It is everywhere. Opportunity is so freely available that we take it for gr

3、anted. Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success. Opportunity must be seized and acted upon in order to have value. So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity, as if the opportunity will do all the work. Thats impossible. Just as you need air to breathe, you

4、 need opportunity to succeed. It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, however. You must make use of that opportunity. Thats not up to the opportunity. Thats up to you. It doesnt matter what “floor” the opportunity is on. What matters is what you do with it.B. Translate the

5、 following passage into English.如果失败了你会怎么做？很多人可能会选择放弃。然而，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。它就像一盏灯，在黑暗中为你指路，帮助你度过难关。否则，你很容易就会迷失方向或犹豫不前。方向意味着目标，人生如果没有目标，将一事无成。你可以试着把你的目标写在纸上，并制定实现目标的计划。这样，你就会懂得如何合理安排时间，如何正确地支配时间。而且你还要有这 样的信念：只要你一直坚持自己的方向，你就一定可以成功。【答案】A. Translate the following paragraph into C

6、hinese.【参考译文】我们所呼吸的空气触手可及，以至于我们将其视为理所当然。然而，倘若没有空气，我们只能存活几分钟。大多数情况下，每个人都能呼吸到同样的空气，也都需要空气。有的人一边坐着自怨自艾，一边又呼吸空气来维持生命。另一些人却呼吸空气，并利用空气提供的能量为自己创造美好的生活。机遇也是如此。它无处不在。机遇是如此唾手可得，以至于我们将其当作理所当然。然而，只有机遇不足以创造成功。为了让机遇有价值，必须抓住机遇并采取行动。很多人都急于抓住“先机”，好像抓住机遇就会一劳永逸，这是不可能的。正如你需要空气来呼吸一样，你也需要获得成功的机遇。然而，成功不仅仅是呼吸到机遇的新鲜空气。你必须利用

7、所获得的机遇。对机遇的利用不取决于机遇，而取决于你。机遇处于什么“阶段”不重要，最重要的是你如何利用它。B. Translate the following passage into English.【参考译文】What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up. However, the reliable way to success is to adhere to your direction and goal. On the way to success, you must keep your direct

8、ion. It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and helping you pull though. Otherwise, you will easily get lost or hang back. Direction means goals. Nothing can be done without a goal in your life. You can try to write down your goals and make some plans to achieve them. In this way, you will

9、know how to arrange and use your time properly. Furthermore, you should have a belief that you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.2. 单选题Air pollution （ ）to many kinds of diseases.问题1选项A.confirmsB.communicatesC.consumesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。confirm“确认；确定；证实”；

10、communicate“传达；感染；显露”；consume“消耗，消费”；contribute “贡献，捐献”。contribute to “有助于，捐献”。句意：空气污染导致各种疾病。3. 单选题The crowd cheered in （ ）when the players caught the ball.问题1选项A.recognitionB.appreciationC.interactionD.participation【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。recognition “识别；承认，认出；”;appreciation “欣赏，鉴别;感谢”;interaction “相互作用”

11、；participation“参与;分享;参股”。根据cheer 与 caught the ball 可知观众是因为球被接住欢呼，对球员表示赞赏，因此选项B符合题意。句意：当球员接住球时，观众欢呼表示赞赏。4. 单选题It is reported that fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.much worseB.less likelyC.all elseD.let alone【答案】D【解析】句意

12、:据报道，如今越来越少的工人愿意一辈子从事一个领域的工作，更不用说在一个公司了。考查短语辨析。much worse 更糟糕的是;less likely 最不可能的是;all else 其他一切；let alone 更不用说。故D符合句意。5. 单选题Illnesses（ ）to workers in a particular occupation are known as occupational diseases.问题1选项A.passiveB.specificC.resistantD.harmful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。由句中关键信息occupational disease

13、s可知，这种病应该指示某些特定行业的工人才会得病。所以specific to（表示“只限于的，特定于”）最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B项。A选项passive表示“被动的；消极的”；C选项resistant表示“抵抗的，顽固的”；D选项harmful表示“有害的，危害的”。【句意】一些疾病只有特定职业的工人会得，被称为职业病。6. 单选题The American Revolution 1775-1783, was a struggle by which the thirteen colonies that were to become the United States won indepen

14、dence from Britain. By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country. The British Government tried to regulate colonial commerce in the British interest, and provoked colonial opposition. The col

15、onists convened the Continental Congress and petitioned the king for redress of their grievances. In 1774 Britain responded with the coercive Intolerable Acts. Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental

16、Army and on July 4, 1776. adopted the Declaration of Independence. The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists. The surrender. October 1781, of General Cornwallis ended the fighting and the Treaty of Paris (1783) rec

17、ognized the U.S. as a nation.The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant

18、 changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the mo

19、re isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.Americas War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Aus

20、tralia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connectic

21、ut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and parliament.1.The American Revolution broke out mainly as a result of conflic

22、ts between the thirteen colonies and Britain in（ ）.2.The word coercive in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to （ ）.3.Which of the following elements directly contributed to the victorious conclusion of the American Revolution?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Ca

23、nada were （ ）.5.What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?问题1选项A.ideological trendsB.life stylesC.cultural differencesD.economic interests问题2选项A.compelling by forceB.compensating the lossC.coming to terms by negotiationD.reconciling by a compromise问题3选项A.The Lexington Campa

24、ign.B.The Continental Congress.C.The Declaration of Independence.D.The French American alliance.问题4选项A.RussianB.FrenchC.BritishD.Australian问题5选项A.The transport of prisoners to Australia.B.The creation of new state governments.C.Events leading up to the American Revolution.D.How Canada and the United

25、 States became friends.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到到了18世纪中叶，殖民地和母国之间在生活、思想，尤其是经济利益方面形成了差异（By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country），由此可知，殖民地与母国发生冲突最大的原因是因为经济利益。选项D符

26、合题意。2.词义题。根据Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington Concord，战争爆发是由于母国的武力强制，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到萨拉托大捷帮助建立了法美联盟，为殖民地人民带来了至关重要的援助（The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists），因此选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第三段提到加

27、拿大的第一大批讲英语的流入人口来自于成千上万英王的效忠者，这些人从美国逃到了加拿大（One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States），可知这些逃到加拿大的人是英国王室的效忠者，所以选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“接下来的一段最可能讨论什么问题？”最后讲述了政治的颠覆并不像人们想象的那样具有革命性。以一些州为例，战争在很大程度

28、上认可了已经存在的殖民自治，英国官员被地方统治阶级代替。选项B“新的州政府的建立”与最后一段关系密切，符合题意。7. 单选题Monkeys and beagles were central to recent studies linking regular physical activity and an enhanced diet to improved brain function. The monkeys participated in an Oregon Health and Science University study. It showed primates that exerc

29、ised regularly using a treadmill five days per week had a higher brain capillary volume after 20 weeks than a control group that did not exercise. Also, monkeys in the exercise group more rapidly learned new tasks. The study showed that the most significant brain benefits were experienced by monkeys

30、 deemed “least fit” at the start of the trial. The Oregon researchers said studying monkeys eliminates any skewing from the decidedly human behaviors of smoking, drinking and overeating. The findings were discussed at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in New Orleans.Another new stud

31、y employed 39 beagles to test the brain-enhancing effectiveness of antioxidant-rich foods (especially those rich in vitamins C and E and beta carotene). University of Toronto researchers discovered that old dogs might possibly even learn some new tricks with the proper fortified food in their dinner

32、 bowls. “We found old dogs on the antioxidant diet performed better on a variety of cognitive tests than dogs not on the diet,” said P. Dwight Tapp, a study co-author now based at the University of California at Irvine.” In fact, the dogs eating the antioxidant-fortified foods performed as well as y

33、oung beagles.” For the uninitiated or those of us who have never lived with an old beagle or other canines dogs can experience the same memory loss and slowed cognitive function that occur in humans.Tapp and colleagues found that the antioxidant-rich diet helped improve cognitive skills in old dogs

34、but not young dogs. A follow-up study is ongoing to determine if feeding the younger dogs the special diet helps prevent loss of brain function.Arthur F. Kramer figures to stick with humans in his brain research. Kramer is a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

35、He was lead author on a pioneering study published earlier this year that showed positive physiological changes in brain matter due to regular exercise.The typical man or woman loses brain matter as part of the aging process. In a first, Kramer and colleagues used magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) sc

36、ans to show that individuals 55 and older who exercise regularly walking briskly for 20 minutes three times per week can preserve gray- and white-matter regions of the brain.” The great thing is it doesnt take too long to realize these benefits,” Kramer said, “We saw significant cognitive improvemen

37、t in people 55 and older over just six months. “Gray matter consists of a series of thin tissue layers in brain cells such as neurons that are critical to learning and memory. White matter is found in the myelin sheath containing nerve fibers that transmit signals throughout the brain. As people age

38、, beginning after 30, the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said. Kramer and his colleagues have completed other cutting-edge research about the brain and regular physical activity. One study slotted for 2004 publication follows up on

39、the gray/white-matter study. Preliminary results indicate that the same sort of brisk walking will enhance the performance capabilities of cortical circuits in the brain.“We are reporting on function and not just the physiology of the gray and white matter,， Kramer explained. Another study to be pub

40、lished in 2004 builds on earlier findings that active older women on hormone-replacement therapy exhibit greater cognitive abilities than older men who are regular exercisers. In new findings, Kramer and colleagues have found less actual brain tissue deterioration in women 55 and older who have high

41、er levels of estrogen in their bodies. Despite being a “former jock,” Kramer didnt expect that his research career would turn so directly toward fitness and physical activity. He has become a leading researcher in the area during the last decade and, along with several colleagues, turned the Univers

42、ity of Illinois into a respected center for research on healthy aging.“There is no downside to physical activity for older adults who get clearance from their physicians to start a program,” he said, “We know it can help prevent heart disease and protect against stroke damage. Now we are building ev

43、idence that regular physical activity allows you to think better.”1.The study conducted by Oregon Health and Science University showed that（ ）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statement about antioxidant-rich foods is false?3.Arthur F. Kramer is a professor in（ ）.4.According to the

44、 passage, people begin to age after（ ）.5.From Professor Kramers research, we can infer that（ ）.问题1选项A.monkeys can learn new tasks more rapidly if they exercised regularly than any other animalsB.regular physical exercise can help to promote the brain functionC.monkeys are more cooperative than human

45、 beingD.monkeys are good at using treadmill问题2选项A.Antioxidant-rich foods are rich in vitamins C and E and beta carotene.B.Antioxidant-rich foods can help the brain to perform better.C.Old dogs might possibly even learn some new tricks if they have antioxidant-rich foods.D.Antioxidant-rich foods help

46、ed improve cognitive skills not only in old dogs but also in young dogs.问题3选项A.Oregon Health and Science UniversityB.the University of TorontoC.the University of California at IrvineD.the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign问题4选项A.33B.55C.39D.30问题5选项A.gray-and white-matter in the brain are imp

47、ortant in deciding a persons cognitive abilityB.white matter is critical to learning and memoryC.people who are 55 and older can only preserve their gray-and white-matter in the brain by walkingD.6 weeks of exercising regularly walking briskly for 20 minutes three times per week is enough for keepin

48、g healthy【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Monkeys and beagles were central to recent studies linking regular physical activity and an enhanced diet to improved brain function.”可知，猴子和小猎犬对最近把定期体育活动和加强饮食与改善大脑功能联系起来的研究是极为重要的。而根据“Also, monkeys in the exercise group more rapidly learned ne

49、w tasks.”可知，锻炼组的猴子可以更快地学会新任务。因此，可推测B项“定期体育锻炼能帮助改善大脑功能”正确。A项“如果能定期接受锻炼，那么猴子会比任何其它动物更快地学会新任务”；C项“猴子比人类协作性更强”；D项“猴子擅长使用跑步机”。A、C、D三项均不能由原文推断得出，故本题正确答案为B项。2.细节事实题。根据原文第三段“Tapp and colleagues found that the antioxidant-rich diet helped improve cognitive skills in old dogs but not young dogs.”可知，Tapp和同事们发现

50、，富含抗氧化剂的饮食有助于改善老狗的认知技能，但对幼狗却没用，因此D项“富含抗氧化剂的食物对老狗和幼狗的智力改善都有帮助”表述错误。根据原文第二段内容可判断，A项“富含抗氧化剂的食物含有丰富的维他命C、E和-胡萝卜素”；B项“富含抗氧化剂的食物能帮助大脑更好的运转”及C项“如果老狗食用富含抗氧化剂的食物，它们甚至可以学得一些新的技巧”均正确。故本题正确答案为D项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第四段“Kramer is a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.”可知，Kramer是伊利诺伊

51、大学厄巴纳香槟分校的一位心理学教授，故D项正确。A项“俄勒冈健康与科学大学”；B项“多伦多大学”；C项“加州大学欧文分校”。4.细节事实题。根据原文第五段“As people age, beginning after 30, the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said.”可知，人们是在30岁后开始变老。故D项“30岁”正确。5.推理判断题。根据原文第五段“As people age, beginning after 30,

52、the two types of matter shrink in a pattern closely matched by decreased cognitive performance, Kramer said.”可知，随着人在30岁后开始变老，这两种物质（即大脑中的灰质和白质）与认知能力的下降密切相关，故A项表述正确。由原文第五段内容可知“（大脑中的）灰质对学习和记忆至关重要”，故B项错误；原文提到有规律的锻炼可以使大脑物质发生积极地变化，故C项“55岁以上的人只能通过走路来保存他们大脑中的灰质和白质”表述片面，不正确；而原文提及“55岁以上的人如果经常进行规律的锻炼每周三次快走20分钟

53、就可以保留大部分灰质和白质区域，6个月后，认知能力会有显著提高”，故D项不正确。8. 单选题Have your ever heard the old （ 1 ）,Never judge a book by cover? This is a good rule to（ 2 ）when trying to judge the intelligence of others. Some people have（ 3 ）that shine only in certain（ 4 ）. A young man with an unusual（5） in creative writing may find

54、himself（ 6 ）in the presence of a pretty girl. He（ 7 ） awkwardly for words and does not talk smoothly. But dont make the（8 ）of thinking him stupid.（9 ）a pen and paper, he can express himself very well.Other people may（10）overestimating their intelligence by（11）a good appearance. A student who listens

55、 attentively and（12） in class is （13） make a favorable impression on his teachers. But when it（14 ）to exams, he may score near the（15）of the class.The（16）idea is that you cant judge someone by appearance. The only way to determine a persons intelligence is to get to know him. Then you can observe（17

56、） he reacts to different situations. The（18）situations you observe, the more accurate you judgment is（19 ）to be. So（20）. Dont judge the book by its cover.问题1选项A.speakingB.sayingC.teachingD.talking问题2选项A.followB.obeyC.watchD.observe问题3选项A.heartsB.headsC.mindsD.brains问题4选项A.conditionsB.situationsC.cir

57、cumstancesD.occasions问题5选项A.presentB.handC.penD.gift问题6选项A.motionlessB.hopelessC.speechlessD.helpless问题7选项A.searchesB.looksC.studiesD.calls问题8选项A.errorB.faultC.mistakeD.wrong问题9选项A.FromB.WithC.InD.By问题10选项A.fool you awayB.fool you aroundC.fool you out ofD.fool you into问题11选项A.putting up withB.puttin

58、g onC.putting upD.putting off问题12选项A.takes notesB.write notesC.takes noticesD.takes care问题13选项A.up toB.due toC.bound toD.about to问题14选项A.turns toB.comes toC.gets toD.leads to问题15选项A.topB.centerC.middleD.bottom问题16选项A.mereB.majorC.mainD.topic问题17选项A.howB.whatC.howeverD.whatever问题18选项A.mostB.moreC.muc

59、hD.many问题19选项A.likelyB.properlyC.fortunatelyD.necessarily问题20选项A.count on your timeB.ahead of your timeC.fall behind your timeD.take your time【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:D第16题:C第17题:A第18题:B第19题:A第20题:D【解析】1.考查名词辨析。“Never judge a book by cover”是

60、一句谚语，译为“不要以貌取人”，B选项saying表示“谚语”。因此，正确答案为B项。2.考查动词辨析。A选项follow表示“跟随；遵守”，B选项obey表示“遵守；服从”，C选项watch“表示观看”，D选项observe表示“观察；遵守法律或协议”。四个选项中，obey的语气较强，通常指服从命令，法律；遵循原则。由原文可知，不要以貌取人是一个通常性规则。因此，本题选择A项最合适。3.考查名词辨析。A选项heart表示“心；心脏”，B选项head表示“头，上端”，C选项mind表示“理智；精神；智力”，D选项brain表示“大脑，智力”。这句话的意思是“有些人的智力在一些特定情况下才会发挥

61、出来”。因此本题正确答案是C。4.考查名词辨析。A选项condition表示“条件，情况”，B选项situation表示“情况；状况”，C选项circumstance表示“环境；情况；境遇”，D选项occasion表示“场合；时机”。根据后文的例子，在写作方面有天赋的男子在一个美丽的女孩面前说不出话，用纸和笔却能很好地表达。说明有些人在某些特定情况下才能表现出聪明才智。因此本题正确答案是B。5.考查名词辨析。A选项present表示“礼物；现在”，B选项hand表示“手，帮助”，C选项pen表示“钢笔，作家”，D选项gift表示“天赋；礼物”。创造性的写作是一种非同寻常的天赋。因此本题正确答案

62、是D。6.考查形容词辨析。A选项motionless表示“静止的；不动的”，B选项hopeless表示“无望的，无可救药的”，C选项speechless表示“说不出话的，非语言能表达的”，D选项helpless表示“无助的，没用的”。根据后面一句doesnt talk smoothly和第一段最后一句可知，男孩在女孩面前是“说不出话的”，故本题正确答案为C。7.考查动词辨析。A选项search表示“寻找；搜索”，B选项look表示“看，注意”，C选项study表示“学习，研究”，D选项call表示“打电话；称呼；拜访”。根据上下文可知，此句句意应为“他笨拙地搜索语言却也不能流利交谈”，因此本题答案是A。8.考查名词辨析。A选项error强调违反标准或道德所做的错事， B选项fault强调性格或责任上的弱点。C选项mistake强调日常生活中看法和判断的错误；D选项wrong强调坏事、恶行、犯罪。四个词都可表示“错误”，但侧重点各不相同。原句意思是“不会犯认为他愚蠢这样的错误”，属于看法判断上的错误，因此C项更符合题意。9.考查介词辨析。