2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第63期

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1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Barry had an advantage over his mother （ ）he could speak French.问题1选项A.since thatB.in thatC.at thatD.so that【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项since that“从那以后”；B选项in that“因为，在于”；C选项at that“而且，因此”；D选项so that“以便”。根据逻辑关系可知空格后面表示的是原因，因此选B。句意：Barry比他妈妈有优势，因为他会讲法语。2. 单选题Recently

2、 a number of cases have been reported of young children（ ）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modify“修改，更改”；B选项duplicate“模仿，复制”；C选项accelerate“加速，增速”；D选项stimulate“刺激”。根据宾语a violent act（暴力行为）可知B选项符合语境。句意：最近，有报道称，一些儿童模仿了

3、以前在电视上看到的暴力行为。3. 单选题We think（ ）possible for them to fulfill their task in a few weeks.问题1选项A.itB.thatC.whatD.this【答案】A【解析】考查形式宾语。本句真正的宾语为不定式引导的to fulfill their task in a few weeks，think表示“认为，以为”是及物动词，常用于“thinkit（形式宾语）+形容词或名词（宾补）+不定式动名词从句（直接宾语）”结构中，因此选A。句意：我们认为他们有可能在几周内完成他们的任务。4. 翻译题Read the followin

4、g paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, or common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great

5、 variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to with

6、draw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for.” There is widespread distress beca

7、use national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.【答案】大多数社会的共识来自于悠久的历史、一种完全属于自己的语言、一个共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他们赖以生存的神话就是建立在所有这些基础之上的。但是美国是一个移民国家，其移民来自许多不同的国家。最近，有人强调，孤僻和自恋已经成为美国人的性格特征，正是这种性格导致了幸福感的缺乏，因为它阻止了我们达成共识，有了共识人们才不会再退缩到自我的小天地中。在这项关于自恋的研究中，克里斯托弗拉什认为现代人“受到自我

8、意识的折磨，其解决办法不是从个人烦恼中解脱出来，而是在生活中找到意义和目的，并找到一生追求的东西。”由于国民士气下降，人们普遍感到不安，我们也失去了早先对国家远景和目标的认识。5. 单选题The newspaper did not mention the （ ）of the damage caused by the fire.问题1选项A.rangeB.levelC.extentD.quality【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项range“（变动或浮动的）范围”；B选项level“水平，水准”；C选项extent“程度”；D选项“质量，品质”。根据damage可知C选项符合逻辑，表示“损

9、失程度”。句意：报纸没有提到火灾造成的损失程度。6. 单选题（ ）the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.问题1选项A.The guide ledB.With the guide leadingC.With the guide to leadD.With the guide lead【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的guide（导游）与lead（带领）之间表示主动关系，因此选B。句意：在导游的带领下，我们在黑夜里步行出发了。7. 单选题（ ）excessive c

10、onsumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.问题1选项A.TheoreticallyB.PresumablyC.IncrediblyD.Practically【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项theoretically“理论地，理论上”；B选项presumably“据推测，很可能，大概”；C选项incredibly“极其，难以置信地”；D选项practically“实际上，几乎，差不多”。由as has been proved（如已证实的那样）可知前面的内容应该是一种猜测比较符合逻辑，即证实推测

11、。句意：据推测，过度食用油炸食品会造成严重后果，这已被证实。8. 单选题Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply（ ）every cheat in the marketplace.问题1选项A.in lieu ofB.for the price ofC.by courtesy ofD.at the mercy of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in lieu of“代替”；B选项for the price of“以为代价”；C选项by courtesy of“由于的作用，

12、蒙的好意” ；D选项at the mercy of“完全由支配，任由摆布”。由“Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed（不了解他们需要的信息和建议的消费者）”和“cheat in the marketplace（市场上的欺诈）”可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：不了解他们需要的信息和建议的消费者，只能任由市场上的骗子摆布。9. 单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of c

13、ash. Virtually all financial（ ）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项transaction“业务，交易”；B选项transmission“传送，传播”；C选项transition“过渡，转变，变迁”；D选项transformation“变化，改观，转变”。根据financial（财政的，金融的）可知A选项符合语境。句意：由于人们不需要携带大量现金，走在街上会更安全，几乎所有的

14、金融交易都将由计算机进行。10. 单选题Just as you do not wish others to（ ）their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to be free to follow their own direction in life.问题1选项A.inflictB.disputeC.ridiculeD.antedate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inflict“把强加给，使承受，遭受”；B选项dispute“辩论，争论”；C选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；D选项antedate“预期，预料，居先”。由后面

15、的“you must leave it to them to be free to follow their own direction in life（你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向）”可知A选项与其意思对应。句意：就像你不希望别人把意愿强加在你身上，你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向。11. 单选题You see the lightning（ ）it happens, but you hear the thunder later.问题1选项A.the instantB.for an instantC.on the instantD.in an instant【答案】A【解析

16、】考查状语从句。分析“You see the lightning_it happens”可知空格处缺少一个连词，结合句意可知选A，the instant表示“一就”，引导时间状语从句，其他选项不能引导时间状语从句。句意：闪电一发生，你就看到了，但随后才听到雷声。12. 单选题The residents, （ ）had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.问题1选项A.all their homesB.all whose homesC.all of whose homesD.all of their homes【

17、答案】C【解析】考查非限制定语从句。本句的主干为The residents were given help by the Red Cross. “_had been damaged by the flood”前后有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，先行词the residents与home之间是所属关系，故用关系代词whose，whose homes作为一个整体充当介词of的宾语。句意：所有房屋都被洪水破坏的居民得到了红十字会的帮助。13. 单选题Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, （

18、）themselves.问题1选项A.expandingB.prolongingC.stretchingD.extending【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expand“扩大，增加”；B选项prolong“延长，拉长”；C选项stretch“伸展”；D选项extend“延伸”。此处表示“伸展身体”，因此选C。句意：早上的工作做完后，职员们站在桌子后面伸展身体。14. 单选题As the head of the department was away on a business trip, I was asked to（ ）the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.

19、chairB.introduceC.presideD.dominate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项chair“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”，是及物动词；B选项introduce“介绍，引入”；C选项preside“主持，指挥，担任会议主席”，是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，故排除；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。由the weekly staff meeting（每周员工会议）可知A选项符合语境。句意：由于部门主管出差，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。15. 单选题He has been plowing through a biography of Lynd

20、on Johnson and a（ ）of Henry Kissinger.问题1选项A.dissectionB.dissertationC.necessityD.casualty【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dissection“解剖，仔细分析，详细评论”；B选项dissertation“专题论文，学位论文”；C选项necessity“必然，必要”；D选项casualty“（战争或事故的）伤员，亡者”。plow through表示“艰难地完成”，“a biography（传记）of Lyndon Johnson and a_of Henry Kissinger”为两个并列宾语，因此空

21、格处应与biography相关的词语，结合句意选A。句意：他一直艰难地完成Lyndon Johnson的传记和Henry Kissinger的详细评论。16. 单选题He set the engine of the car（ ）.问题1选项A.goingB.goC.to goingD.on going【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。set sth. doing表示“使开始”；set to do表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。17. 单选题To （ ）important dates in history, countri

22、es create special holidays.问题1选项A.commendB.memorizeC.propagateD.commemorate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项commend“表扬，推荐”；B选项memorize“记忆，记住”；C选项propagate“传播，繁殖”；D选项commemorate“纪念，庆祝”。根据important dates（重要日期）可知D选项最符合逻辑。句意：为了纪念历史上的重要日期，国家会设立特别假日。18. 单选题The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost

23、everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowl

24、edge (facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypothese

25、s and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discover

26、y and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable, he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and ene

27、rgy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes, for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products

28、. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have

29、anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years

30、 ago, however one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries, they know from experience that most knowledge i

31、s eventually applied.1.To define science we may simply call it （ ）.2.Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope,（ ）.3.A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach（ ）.4.Which of the following statements does the author imply?5.

32、The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the study of unrelated subjectsB.an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC.the study of unrelated fieldsD.classified knowledge问题2选项A.May lead to antiscientific, “impure” resultsB.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cellC.is n

33、ot always as pure as we supposeD.necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell问题3选项A.applied scienceB.agricultural scienceC.pure scienceD.environmental science问题4选项A.Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discov

34、eries.B.Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.C.In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.问题5选项A.The Nature of Science and ScientistsB.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypo

35、theses and TheoriesD.On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设科学被定义为分类知识）可知选D。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学

36、是将知识用于特殊目的。根据文章最后一段中的however one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell（然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）及两种科学的定义，可知显微镜属于纯科学，细胞的发现属于应用科学，即纯科学先于应用科学，因此B选项“必然先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”符合题意。3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。由题干中的“i

37、nterested in”可知属于为了满足好奇心，因此选C。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries（许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际方面而被指责）可知A选项“从事理论研究的科学家不应被指责忽略其发现的实际方面”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学的目的与定义，以及两种不同科学家研究科学的目的，因此A选项“科学

38、与科学家的本质”符合题意。19. 单选题Dr. Smith failed many times but he finally（ ）to find a successful way to solve the problem.问题1选项A.broke offB.broke downC.broke outD.broke through【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项break off“（使）分离”；B选项break down“失败”；C选项break out“突然发生，爆发”；D选项break through“突围，突破”。根据转折连词but可知句子前面表示转折关系，由failed many

39、times（多次失败）与finally（最终）可知D选项符合语境。句意：史密斯医生失败了很多次，但他最终突破了，找到了解决问题的成功方法。20. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。相隔千里的人们可以在短短 的几秒钟之内发送并接受详尽的文件资料。这就使得人们能够以一种前所未有的方式齐 心协力，共同承担大量的工程项目。通过电子邮件与国外的人通信、交换文件已成为司 空见惯的事情。唯一的障碍是时区的不同。【答案】The effect of e-mail on our career and p

40、ersonal life is extraordinary. People thousands of miles way away from each can send and receive detailed documents within just a few seconds. This allow people to work together and jointly undertake a great deal of projects in an unprecedented way. It has become a common practice to communicate and exchange files with people overseas by e-mail. The only obstacle is the difference in time zones.