2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷3（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题中国人讲究“义利相兼，以义为先”。中非关系最大的“义”，就是用中国发展助力非洲的发展、最终实现互利共赢、共同发展。中方支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题，主张解决安全问题要标本兼治、综合施策。在工业、基础设施建设、投资和贸易便利化等领域，中非合作将为双方企业投资和贸易提供更多机会，从而提高非洲产业竞争力，弥补非洲基础设施缺口。在现代农业、绿色发展、减贫惠民等方面的合作，将促进中非企业分享先进技术和建立可持续发展模式，增强自主发展能力，提高公共治理水平。【答案】Chinese people pay attention t

2、o the phase of righteousness and concurrently to righteousness first. China-Africa relations the righteousness of the biggest boost Africas development is to use Chinas development, Ultimately achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. The common development of Chinas support of the African people

3、in Africa way solve the problem of Africa, argues that to solve security problems to treat both comprehensive ShiCe. In the industrial areas such as infrastructure construction investment and trade facilitation, china-Africa cooperation will provide more opportunities for both business investment an

4、d trade, to improve industrial competitiveness, Africa gaps African infrastructure Green development in modern agricultureCooperation in poverty reduction and peoples well-being will encourage Chinese and African companies to share advanced technologies, establish sustainable development models, enh

5、ance their capacity for independent development and improve public governance.2. 单选题A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school. The study, conducted by economists at Columbia University and the University C

6、alifornia, Berkeley, suggests that “a ban on fast foods in the immediate proximity of schools could have a sizable effect on obesity rates among affected students.”The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, a

7、nd more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas. They focused on the ninth graders, typically about 14 years old, in part because the students get a fitness test in the springabout 30 weeks after starting school and exposure to fast food. The study, released by the American A

8、ssociation of Wine Economists, showed that “the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school.” It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaura

9、nt had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds).”The study follows one presented last month at an American Stroke Association conference. Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are mo

10、re likely to suffer from strokes. In December, a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists study, said

11、 that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity. “It would not be so different in spirit from existing policies that aim to prohibit soft drinks and junk foods in schools or to improve the quality of school lunch,” she said.A spokeswoman for the

12、 parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Silvers, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment. A McDonalds spokeswoman referred calls to the National Retail Federation, a trade group in Washington.“I think it would be a d

13、angerous precedent to limit the types of legitimate, important businesses and where theyre located in a city,” federation spokeswoman Ellen Davis said. “Doesnt it make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they cant eat certain things?” Davis added that r

14、estaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for childrens meals. “We see many healthy options availableslices of apple, milk instead of sodas. Its important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier.”1. Which of the fol

15、lowing is INCORRECT about the study mentioned in Paragraph 2?2. Which of the following can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. Why is it necessary to create a fast-food-free-zone?5. According to the passage, which of the follow

16、ing may NOT be the reason for childrens overweight?问题1选项A.It agreed that fast foods should be far away from school.B.It didnt mention the people in Columbia.C.It proved that fast foods may not lead to strokes.D.It showed that childrens situation was worse than pregnant womens.问题2选项A.McDonalds shared

17、 the same opinion with Ellen Davis.B.KFC held different opinion from Burger King.C.Janet Currie preferred a new policy to present policies.D.Ellen Davis thought limiting childrens money made no sense.问题3选项A.People long for healthy meals.B.Fast food is associated with obesity and strokes.C.Parents sh

18、ould give less allowance to the kids.D.The society shouldnt neglect the side effect of fast food.问题4选项A.Fast food is expensive and kids cant afford it.B.Fast food makes young people have an unhealthy diet.C.Fast food distracts students from their studies.D.Fast food is not clean enough.问题5选项A.Eating

19、 fewer fruit and vegetables.B.Being unaware of self-control.C.School lunch of low quality.D.Restaurants changing menus for children.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“事实证明，快餐可能不会导致中风”，可以定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoo

20、ds packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），可推测居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风，C选项不正确，应选C。A选项“它同意快餐应该远离学校”，因为快餐店会导致学生患肥胖的风险，因此，快餐店应当远离学校，A选项可排除。B选项“上面没提到哥伦比亚的人”，可以定位到文章第二段第一句The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obe

21、sity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas.（研究人员调查了加州300万名九年级学生，以及密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州100多万名孕妇的肥胖率），文章提到的是加州的学生，密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州的孕妇，因此B选项可排除。D选项“调查显示，儿童的情况比孕妇更糟”，文章第二段最后两句提到the presence of a fast-food restaurant

22、within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school. “It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaurant had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 poun

23、ds)”.（如果快餐店在学校十分之一英里内，那么该学校的肥胖率至少会增加5.2%。研究还发现，生活在离快餐店十分之一英里以内的孕妇“增重超过20公斤（44磅）的可能性增加4.4%），由此可知学校的肥胖率会增加5.2%，孕妇肥胖率会增加4.4%，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“艾伦戴维斯认为限制孩子们的钱没有意义”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesnt it make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they c

24、ant eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测限制孩子花钱没有意义，可知D选项正确。A选项“麦当劳也同意艾伦戴维斯的观点”，文章没有提到麦当劳同意戴维斯的观点，A选项可排除。B选项“肯德基与汉堡王持不同意见”，定位到文章倒数第二段第一、二句A spokeswoman for the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Slivers, declined to comment, saying she had not

25、 seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment.（肯德基、必胜客、塔可钟和Long John Slivers的母公司的发言人拒绝置评，称她没有看到这项研究。汉堡王没有回复记者寻求置评的电话）肯德基和汉堡王都不予置评，因此可排除B选项。C选项“与现行政策相比，珍妮特柯里更喜欢新政策”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“父母应该少给孩子零用钱”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesnt it make more sense for parents to

26、limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they cant eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测父母限制孩子花钱没有意义，C选项不正确，应当选C。A选项“人们渴望健康的饮食”，可定位到文章最后一句Its important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier.（值

27、得注意的是，许多连锁餐厅已经尝试让他们的菜单多样化，让他们更健康），连锁餐厅都在努力使菜单多样化，让它们更健康，也就是人们在渴望更健康的饮食，A选项可排除。B选项“快餐与肥胖和中风有关”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school.（学校500英尺以内的快餐店可能会导致学校超重率至少增加5%），以及定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers

28、 from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），也就是快餐会增加肥胖和中风的风险，B选项可排除。D选项“社会不应该忽视快餐的副作用”，快餐的副作用已经很明显，因此不应该忽视快餐的副作用，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一

29、句Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity（Janet Currie，葡萄酒经济学家研究的首席研究员说，如果学校附近的快餐导致肥胖，建立一个无快餐区可能是一个好政策）。B选项“快餐使年轻人有不健康的饮食习惯”，文章提到，快餐会使人们增加肥胖和中风的风险，也就是不健康的饮食所带来的危害，因此B选项正确。A选项

30、“快餐很贵，孩子们买不起”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“快餐使学生们分心，不能专心学习”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“快餐不够干净”，文章没有提到快餐是不够干净的，只是会增加肥胖的风险，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“餐馆为儿童更换菜单”，文章最后一段倒数第二句提到restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for childrens meals.（餐馆在过去五年中改变了他们的菜单，尤其是儿童餐），因此，当餐馆为儿童更换菜单后，儿童

31、患肥胖的风险会减小，D选项正确。A选项“少吃水果和蔬菜”，可以定位到文章第三段最后一句a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.（在距离快餐店半英里内学习的学生吃的水果和蔬菜更少，喝的苏打水更多，更有可能肥胖），A选项少吃水果蔬菜会导致肥胖，A选项可排除。B选项“

32、没有自我控制的意识”，儿童缺少自控力，B选项可排除。C选项“学校午餐质量低”，文章第四段最后一句improve the quality of school lunch.（提高学校午餐的质量），学校的午餐质量确实较低，这也是导致肥胖的原因之一，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题First the good news: 9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008, despite the econom

33、y. And now the bad, even if its not so surprising: The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.Thats according to a survey from Gallup and health management company Health

34、ways. Nearly each day in 2008, about 1,000 adults were asked about their physical, emotional, economic and workplace well-being. When it came to their work environment, many of the 355,334 people surveyed by phone were positive. But there were some labor pains.Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii sai

35、d they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”. That was the lowest score of any state on a work environment index that was compiled by calculating positive responses in those four areas. Ut

36、ah nabbed top honors, with 59% of its respondents saying those four elements were prevalent in work lives. Among the biggest differences between Utah and Hawaii: 73% of Utah respondents said their supervisor created a trusting environment, while only 58% of folks in Hawaii felt that way. The nationa

37、l average was 65%. The GallupHealthways AHIP Congressional Report didnt offer any insights into why Utah ruled and Hawaii ranked so poorly on the workplace front.Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions. “Maybe having a job while youre

38、in paradise may not be all that great,” says Jim Harter, a chief scientist of workplace and well-being at Gallup.Utah has done well in separate workplace studies, as well. After considering factors such as unemployment rate, job growth, income growth, median household income and the cost of living,

39、Moodys E named its capital, Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007 and 2008. But those glory days have faded, says Gus Faucher, Moodys E director of macroeconomics. Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states. The national recession began in December 2007, according

40、to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Salt Lake Citys recession began in November 2008, according to Moodys E.From a non-economic angle, Faucher says he can see why Utah would earn strong marks on the work front. “The state is really Mormon, so there is a sense of solidarity” among many emplo

41、yees, he says. “People feel very connected to each other.” Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace, Faucher says. Thats the case at the Wasatch Music Coaching Academy in Salt Lake City, school owner David Murphy says

42、. Most instructors are between 22 and 35 years old and are extremely passionate and excited about teaching students, he says. Murphy, 52, who says he has a “dream” job, takes a collaborative approach in managing all staffers, “I see myself working side by side with my staff, not over my staff.”1. Wh

43、at can we infer from the first two paragraphs?2. From Paragraph 4, we can infer all of the following EXCEPT that _.3. The author mentions several factors that will affect the happiness of people EXCEPT: _.4. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?5. Why could Utah earn strong mar

44、ks on the work front?问题1选项A.The economy of 2008 was still steady.B.More people had to change their jobs.C.From Jan. to Apr., about 54,000 people lost their jobs.D.Most of the people surveyed felt hopeless.问题2选项A.Hawaiis residents may feel more relaxedB.the word “paradise” may refer to HawaiiC.people

45、 may prefer living in Hawaii to working thereD.Jim Harter may be a scientist in Hawaii问题3选项A.Physical healthB.Psychological conditionC.Places they come fromD.Working environment问题4选项A.Salt Lake City is the best place to work in forever.B.Utahs economy never encountered recession.C.Hawaii is a best p

46、lace for entertainment and work.D.Many cities in the United States have encountered economic depression.问题5选项A.The sense of solidarity and passions of young employees.B.Good regulations set by the government.C.Favorite climate.D.Good geographical location.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试

47、题解析】推理判断题。A选项“2008年的经济保持稳定”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008.（90%的人说他们对自己的工作或目前的工作感到满意，而且在整个2008年这一比例都保持稳定），2008年，90%对工作满意度呈平稳趋势，可排除A选项。B选项“更多的人不得不换工作”，可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The number of people who said their

48、employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.（今年，声称雇主裁员的人数大幅上升，从第一季度的15%上升到第四季度的23%），雇主削减了劳动力规模的人数在今年大幅上升，可以推测更多的人不得不更换工作，B选项正确。C选项“从1月到4月，大约有54000人失业”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“大多数接受调查的人感到绝望”，文章提到许多人对工作环境持肯定态度，因此大多

49、数人不会感到绝望，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段。D选项“吉姆哈特可能是夏威夷的科学家”，文章第四段没有提到此内容，D选项正确。A选项“夏威夷的居民可能会感到更放松”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），文章所说夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就

50、是夏威夷的居民会感到放松，A选项排除。B选项“天堂这个词可能指的是夏威夷”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可以推测天堂也就是代指前面的夏威夷，B选项可排除。C选项“人们可能更喜欢住在夏威夷而不是在那里工作”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），也就是夏威夷不

51、太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。C选项“他们来自哪里”，文章没有提到，他们来自哪里会影响他们的幸福感，C选项正确。A选项“身体健康”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是身体健康会影响人们的幸福感，A选项可排除。B选项“心理状态”，心理状态会

52、影响人们的幸福感，B选项可排除。D选项“工作环境”，可以定位到文章第三段第一句Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”（在夏威夷的受访者中，只有47%的人对自己的工作感到满意，在工作中发挥自己的优势，被上司视为合作伙伴，在一个“开放、信任的环境”中工

53、作），文章提到在“开放、信任的环境”中工作，会对工作感到满意，人们的幸福感也就会提升，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“美国许多城市都遭遇了经济萧条”，文章倒数第二段倒数第二句The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.（根据美国国家经济研究局的数据，这场全国性的衰退始于2007年12月），也就是美国经济经历了全国大萧条，D选项正确。A选项“盐湖城永远是最好的工作场所”，文章倒数第二段第五句S

54、alt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007（盐湖城评为2007年美国最适宜工作的城市），没有提到是永远适宜工作的地点，A选项可排除。B选项“犹他州的经济从未遭遇过衰退”，可以定位到文章倒数第二段倒数第三句Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states.（犹他州的房地产泡沫破灭的时间比大多数州都晚），但并不是从没有经历衰退，B选项可排除。C选项“夏威夷是娱乐和工作的最佳场所”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while your

55、e in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可推测夏威夷可能不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace（此外，由于犹他州的高出生率，年轻员工的数量也非常多，他们经常为工作增添热情），这也就是犹他

56、州能够获得高分的原因。A选项“年轻员工的团结感和激情”符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“政府制定的良好规章制度”，文中没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“最喜欢的气候”，气候并不是造成犹他州取得高分的原因，C选项可排除。D选项“地理位置优越”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newslette

57、rs. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of n

58、ews, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the c

59、offee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive ethos of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% be

60、tween 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are incre

61、asingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published their thousands online, Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites

62、 and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important means of news. Celebrities and world l

63、eaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to s

64、ites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by Wiki leaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed