2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考前模拟强化练习题26（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English.中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(per capita GDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemic and institutional) 障碍。中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，

2、使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力。【答案】China has made great achievements in its development. But we are fully aware that China is still the largest developing country. Its per capita GDP is not high in the world ranking, and its level of science and technology lags far behind that of developed countries. The

3、 economy is improving in quality and efficiency, but there are still systemic and institutional obstacles to development. To achieve greater and better development and join the ranks of medium-developed countries by the middle of the 21st century, the key for China is to stay on the path of reform a

4、nd innovation, further emancipate the mind, fully unleash the creative potential of the people, invigorate the whole society, and create a steady stream of driving force for development.2. 单选题It goes without saying that people who refuse to（ ）with the law will be punished.问题1选项A.concealB.consentC.ab

5、ideD.comply【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”。句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚。comply with意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确。3. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great（ ）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】D【

6、解析】名词辨析题。A选项annoyance“烦恼”；B选项offence“冒犯”；C选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；D选项irritation“恼怒，生气”。句意：记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到非常恼火。选项D更符合语境。4. 单选题The（ ）of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项origin“起源”；B选项generation“产生”；C选项descent“下降”；D选项ca

7、use“原因”。句意：这个词的起源尚不清楚，但肯定不是来自希腊语。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题As a lawyer（ ）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to those grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles.问题1选项A.notoriousB.notableC.nastyD.notified【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B选项notable“显著的，著名的”；

8、C选项nasty“极差的，恶意的”；D选项notified“通知”。句意：作为一个以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，会见来自各界的杰出人士。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题Most of the rubbish that we usually（ ）of can be recycled.问题1选项A.disposedB.dischargeC.dispatchD.dissolve【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项dispose“处理，安排”；B选项discharge“释放”；C选项dispatch“派遣”；D选项dissolve“溶解”。句意：我们通常处理的大部分垃圾都

9、可以回收利用。选项A更符合语境。7. 单选题Despite warnings from his parents and teacher, Stevenson is （ ）to computer games.问题1选项A.activatedB.adheredC.addictedD.appealed【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项activate to“激活”；B选项adhere to“坚持，依附”；C选项addict to“沉迷于”；D选项appeal to“呼吁，吸引”。句意：尽管父母和老师已经警告过他，但史蒂文森仍然沉迷于电脑游戏。选项C符合语境。8. 单选题A new survey b

10、y Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to ch

11、eck daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content started by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan

12、was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Kn

13、ight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal respon

14、sibilities for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing view-points,” the survey concluded.Such activity research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the university of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on so

15、cial media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along informat

16、ion. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via soci

17、al media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief as Barna Group.So, when young people are critical of an over-tweeting presiden

18、t, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skillsand in their choices on when to share on social media.1.According to the Paragraph 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on（ ）.2.According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people（ ）.3.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake

19、 news problem is （ ）.4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.the justification of the new-filtering practiceB.peoples preference for social media platformsC.the administrations ability to handle informationD.social media as a reliable source of news问题2选项A.tend to voice t

20、heir opinions in cyberspaceB.verify news by referring to diverse resourcesC.have a strong sense of responsibilityD.like to exchange views on “distributed trust”问题3选项A.readers outdated valuesB.journalists biased reportingC.readers misinterpretationD.journalist made-up stories问题4选项A.A Rise in Critical

21、 Skills for Sharing News Online.B.A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend.C.The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D.The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宫的新闻通过其他来源而不是总统的社交媒体平台透漏出来。紧接着在第二段给出了原因，人们逐渐对所有的媒体丧失了信任。根据牛

22、津大学的统计，在2016年美国总统竞选期间，推特用户分享的近四分之一的网络内容是虚假新闻。由此可知，社交媒体不是可靠的新闻来源。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Knight Foundation”定位到第三段二、三句“A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from differe

23、nt perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. 奈特基金会针对14岁至24岁的年轻人进行的一项焦点小组调查发现，他们使用“分布式信任”来验证新闻。他们反复核对消息来源，喜欢从不同的角度看新闻尤其是那些对偏见持开放态度的新闻。”由此可知，选项B“通过参考不同的来源去核实消息”符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Barna survey”定位到第五段第三句“A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fa

24、ke news phenomenon is “reader error,”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. 巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为假新闻现象的主要原因是“读者错误”，而不是编造的故事或报道中的事实错误。”由此可知，选项C正确。4.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文首先提出年轻人对社交平台的不信任，是因为虚假新闻的泛滥，因此人们开始加强他们的媒体素养技能。下文则主要是围绕这一中心思想展开的讨论，所以选项A最能概括全文。9. 单选题When you prepare for your sp

25、eech, be sure to cite（ ） qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题The prime ministers proposal for new taxes

26、 created such a(an) （ ）that his government fell.问题1选项A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项sensation“轰动”；B选项upheaval“动乱，剧变”；C选项 withdrawal“撤退”；D选项outbreak“爆发”。句意：首相的新税提案造成了如此大的动荡，以至于他的政府垮台了。根据下文的内容可知，选项B更符合语境。11. 单选题The school has been （ ）as the meeting place for the evening a

27、rt club.问题1选项A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项design“设计，构思”；B选项designate“指定，指派”；C选项 divert“转移”；D选项diagnose“诊断”。句意：这所学校被指定为晚间艺术俱乐部的会址。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题Its apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough to（ ）the weight of a lorry.问题1选项A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintain

28、【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retain“保持”；B选项sustain“维持，支撑，承受”；C选项obtain“获得，流行”；D选项maintain“维持，继续”。句意：很明显，这座木桥不够坚固，承受不了一辆卡车的重量。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题A product is to be regarded as being （ ）when introduced into another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选

29、项discharged“排出，卸货”；B选项discarded“丢弃，废弃”；C选项disposed“处理，配置”；D选项dumped“倾销，抛售”。句意：当一种产品以低于正常价值的价格引进另一个国家时，就被视为倾销。选项D更符合语境。14. 单选题This diploma is important, which（ ）that you have completed high school.问题1选项A.amplifiesB.certifiesC.clarifiesD.magnifies【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。A选项amplify“放大，扩大”；B选项certify“证明”；C选项clari

30、fy“澄清，阐明”；D选项magnify“赞美，夸大”。句意：这个文凭很重要，它能证明你已经完成高中学业。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题She didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was （ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immoral【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项internal“内部的”；D选项im

31、moral“不道德的”。句意：她没有公开抨击这个计划，但她没有说任何支持这个计划的话，这就暗示了她的反对。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题The（ ）of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.问题1选项A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.version【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项conversion“转化，变换”；B选项convention“约定，习俗”；C选项conversation“

32、交谈，会话”；D选项version“版本”。句意：把电能转换成热能是一个很容易以100%的效率进行的过程。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a serious of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Among

33、 these innovations are team teaching and teaching aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students c

34、an work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large-group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to bringin

35、g new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are taught the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence t

36、hat many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. Or

37、 it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the students wher

38、e he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technolo

39、gy. All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.1.The author is mainly concerned with （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the article that a good educational system must （ ）.3.The negative reactions of students

40、to technology are the result of（ ）.4.All of the following are mentioned as a capability are the result of（ ）.问题1选项A.providing the possibility for students to take the courses they wantB.making technology an active tool in the schoolC.relieving the teacher from routine dutiesD.meeting the needs of ea

41、ch student问题2选项A.not depend on teachersB.make use of varying methods of teachingC.place a renewed emphasis on scienceD.not organize their instruction问题3选项A.unknown factorsB.a general hostility toward educationC.its misuseD.its newness in the schools问题4选项A.make it easier for students to obtain needed

42、 informationB.provide many ways of teaching the same thingC.make learning easy and funD.provide students with enrollment exam【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文第三句“The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. 所有这些创新的目的是调整教学使之更加

43、精确来适应每个学生的需要。”由此可知，作者最关心的是满足每个学生的需求。选项D正确。2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一句“All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning. 所有可用的教学资源，包括教师，可以共同努力，为最大限度地有效学习创造条件。”由此可推测，选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据原文第七句“Many of them resent technology, but

44、 what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. 他们（学生）中的许多人讨厌技术，但他们反对的通常是技术被用作处理大量学生的手段。”也就是说，大多数学生反对技术是因为技术被错误的使用，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据原文后半部分“They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opport

45、unity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. 它们（技术）可以通过各种判断把信息呈现给学生。它们可以给学生机会，以多种方式对事物作出反应。总之，学生的学习机会可以通过使用广泛的教学技术来增加和提高。”由此可知，只有选项D没有提及，所以本题选D。18. 单选题Many of the most f

46、lexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as well as by birds and other types of animals.Tools are used by

47、 many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzees to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as an

48、 anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a small stone as a hammer. Stones suitable or use as anvils are not easy to find, and often a chimpanzee may carry haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting because these

49、animals sometimes modify tools to make them better suited for their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that uses sticks to probe holes in the search for insects.

50、 One of the species of Galapagos finch, the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stem. This primitive tool is then held in the beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs

51、 from tree to tree searching for prey.Tools may also be used for defense. Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies. Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against predators such as octopus by means of this

52、tactic. Also, many species of forest-dwelling primates defend themselves by throwing objects, including stones, at intruders.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.According to the passage, Ivory Coast chimpanzees are among the most remarkable of animal tool users because they （ ）.3.Which of the f

53、ollowing can be inferred from the passage about the behavior of the woodpecker finch?4.According to the passage, studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn octopus away by（ ）.问题1选项A.Primates are superior to other animals in using tools.B.The use of stones as tools is similar across differen

54、t animal species.C.Birds and primates use tools that are different from those of sea animals.D.Many animals have developed effective ways of using tools.问题2选项A.use tools to gather foodB.use more than one tool to accomplish a taskC.transport tools from one place to anotherD.hide their tools from othe

55、r animals问题3选项A.It uses its break as a weapon against its enemies.B.It uses the same twig to look for food in different trees.C.It uses twigs and leaves to build its nest.D.It avoids areas where cactus grows.问题4选项A.attacking the octopus with their clawsB.using stones as weaponsC.defending themselves

56、 with sea anemonesD.hiding under sea plants【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是”。文章第一段提到动物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击。由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为”。文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点

57、的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer, sometimes carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil），由此可知选项B“使用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。文章第三段最

58、后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey），可以推断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意。4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies），选项C符合题意

59、。19. 单选题If you（ ）someone, you feel great admiration and love for them.问题1选项A.advocateB.adjoinC.adoreD.addict【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项advocate“拥护”；B选项adjoin“毗邻，连接”；C选项adore“崇拜，爱慕”；D选项addict“沉迷”。句意：如果你崇拜一个人，你会钦佩和爱戴他。根据下文的“admiration and love”可知选项C最为恰当。20. 翻译题In this section , there is a passage in English. T

60、ranslate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.

61、About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations -trucking, financial advice, software engi

62、neering-have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost product