2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第140期

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题如果要我用一个词来概括优秀经理人员的话，那我就会说是果断。你可以使用世界上最复杂的计算机，你可以收集所有的图表和数字，但最终你必须把所有的信息汇集起来，提出一张时间表，然后采取行动。一位企业领导人希望得到所有事实，坚持等到研究工作能确保某项计划定会成功后才 采取行动，这是非常自然的事情。如果你要花三亿美元开发一项新产品，你毕竟希望绝对保证你的做法是对的。在理论上是不错的，现实生活中却并非如此。毫无疑问，你有责任尽量多地收集有关事实和数据。但到了某一时刻，你必须根据自己的信念跳一步，迅速地做出决定才行。因为，第一，即使

2、是正确的决定，做得太晚，也会变成错误的；第二，在大多数情况下，根本就没有十拿九稳的事情。有时候，最优秀的经理人员，也会像牵着一条大狗的小孩一样，先要弄清楚狗想往哪儿去，再把它往哪儿牵。决策者需要多少信息才算够用呢？要提出一个具体数字是不可能的；但如果你只有50%的事实就贸然行动，那你成功的可能性显然就会微乎其微。如果是这样的话，你最好是吉星高照，要不然也得有极妙的预感。有时候这种冒险是需要的，但管理铁路却不可这样。【答案】If I had to use one word to describe a good manager, it would be decisiveness. You can

3、use the most sophisticated computer in the world, you can collect all the charts and figures, but ultimately you have to put all the information together. Put forward a schedule, and then take action.A corporate leaders hope to get all the facts, adhere to wait for work to ensure that a plan will be

4、 successful before taking action, it is very natural thing. If you want to spend $3 hundred million to develop a new product, you want absolute guarantee that your approach is right after all is good in theory, in real life is not the case. There is no doubt that your duty to collect as much as poss

5、ible to hold the relevant facts and figures. But at a certain moment, you must according to their own beliefs jump step, make a decision quickly. Because first of all, even the right decision, made too late, will be wrong; second, in most cases, there are no guarantees. Sometimes the best managers,

6、like kids with a big dog, have to figure out where the dog wants to go, and then where to lead it.How much information is enough for decision makers? It was impossible to come up with a specific figure. But if you jump in with only 50 percent of the facts, then your chances of success are obviously

7、very slim and if thats the case, youd better be lucky, or you have to have a great sense of foreboding. Sometimes you need to take risks like that, but you dont need to run a railroad2. 单选题Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English language editi

8、on of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his s

9、ights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMR-the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci-is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a pro

10、fit margin of US$ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help A

11、mericans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.” He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the

12、most lavish, enterprising-and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American s

13、ubscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Ital

14、ian corporation. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled-and won on a simple concept: it is more important to

15、 show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable.1. Naming his quest “Operation Columbus”, Ricci is confident that _.2. What is the main

16、 content of Riccis magazine FMR?3. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by _.问题1选项A.he will be as influential as ColumbusB.he will open up the American marketC.the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneersD.his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus disco

17、very of America问题2选项A.Articles on culture, art and business.B.Articles and pictures about fashion.C.Pictures of works of art.D.Pictures of trendy items.问题3选项A.including them in Operation ColumbusB.showing them the staggering price tagC.comparing them to the Spanish sponsorD.arousing passionate patri

18、otism in them【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第一句Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000.（瑞奇是如此的自信，以至于他将自己的探索命名为“哥伦布行动”，并将目光锁定在了发掘拥有30万读者的美国人身上）。前文说到瑞奇想在美国销售她的杂志，这里说到将目

19、光锁定在30万读者身上，因此他是想打开美国市场。B选项“他将打开美国市场”，B选项正确。A选项“他将和哥伦布一样有影响力”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“美国人会把他的杂志和冒险先锋联系在一起”，无中生有，可排除。D选项“他的杂志将会像哥伦布发现美洲一样令人难忘”，文章并没有提到杂志的影响力如此之大，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段倒数第二句The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Ame

20、ricans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.”（瑞奇说，英文版将包括更多的美国作品，以帮助美国人克服“对自己艺术的自卑感”）。选项C“艺术作品的图片”，符合文章所说，为了克服美国人的艺术自卑感，因此C选项正确。选项A“关于文化、艺术和商业的文章”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项B“关于时尚的文章和图片”，文章并没有提到是关于时尚的文章和图片，也可排除。D选项“流行物品的图片”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句“To land

21、in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”（他的宣传小册子上有这样一句话：“哥伦布要想在美洲登陆，必须借助西班牙的赞助。”“我们喜欢意大利人”）。D选项“激发起他们炽热的爱国主义热情”。因为在他的宣传册上有这样一句，必须得到西班牙的赞助，可推测这会引起意大利人民的自豪感，因此D选项正确。A选项“包括他们在哥伦布行动”，意大利伙伴并没有参与哥伦布行动，A选项排除。B选项“给他们看惊人的价格标签”

22、，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“将他们与西班牙赞助商进行比较”，并没有将两者进行比较，可排除C选项。因此正确答案为D选项。3. 单选题Originally, plastic was hailed for its potential to reduce humankinds heavy environmental footprint. The earliest plastic were invented as substitutes for shrinking supplies of natural materials like ivory or tortoiseshell. Today

23、, plastic is perceived as natures nemesis. But a generic distaste for plastic can muddy our thinking about the trade-offs involved when we replace plastic with other materials.Take plastic bags, the emblem for all bad things. They clog storm drains, tangle up recycling equipment, litter parks and be

24、aches and threaten wildlife on land and at sea. Such problems have fueled bans on bags around the world and in more than a dozen American cities. Unfortunately, the bans typically lead to a huge increase in the use of paper bags, which also have environmental drawbacks. In other words, plastics aren

25、t necessarily bad for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.Its estimated that half of the nearly 600 billion pounds of plastics produced each, year go into single-use products. Some are indisputably valuable, like disposable syringes, which have been a great ally in pr

26、eventing the spread of infectious diseases like HIV and even plastic water bottles, which, after diseases like the Japanese tsunami, are critical to saving lives. Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with

27、a heavy environmental cost.And theres another cost. Pouring so much plastic into disposable conveniences has helped to diminish our view of a family of materials we once held in high esteem. Plastic has become synonymous with cheap and worthless, when in fact those chains of hydrocarbons ought to be

28、 regarded as among the most valuable substances on the planet. If we understood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.In a world of nearly seven billion souls and counting, we are not going to feed,

29、 clothe and house ourselves solely from wood, ore and stone; we need plastics. And in an era when were concerned about our carbon footprint, we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.Yet we cant hope to achieve plastics promise fo

30、r the 21st century if we stick with wasteful 20th century habits of plastic production and consumption. We have the technology to make better and safer plastics-forged from renewable sources, rather than finite fossil fuels, using chemicals that inflict minimal or no harm on the planet and our healt

31、h.1. From the results of banning plastic bags, we learn that _.2. What do we know about the single-use plastic products from the third paragraph?3. The author believes that people would stop wasting plastic if they _.4. Lightweight plastics enjoy great advantage over other materials in that that the

32、y are _.5. Whats the authors attitude towards the future of plastic?问题1选项A.better materials are still to be found to replace plastic bagsB.the way of making and using plastic bags matters a lotC.plastic bags really cause many environmental problemsD.the bans on plastic bags greatly boost the paper i

33、ndustry问题2选项A.Plastic bags account for only a small part.B.They are all indispensable in emergencies or disasters.C.Masses of them usually end up as litter.D.Most are made good use of by people.问题3选项A.knew the history of its inventionB.got punished for wasting itC.realized its impact on the environm

34、entD.didnt take its value for granted问题4选项A.more durable and harder to breakB.energy-efficient in making and transportingC.easy to produce and useD.widely used in green technology问题5选项A.ObjectiveB.PessimisticC.PassionateD.Unknown【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句

35、In other words, plastics arent necessarily bad for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.（换句话说，塑料不一定对环境有害；我们制造和使用它们的方式才是问题所在。因此可推测，对于塑料对环境是否有害，取决于制造和使用方式）。B选项“制作和使用塑料袋的方法很重要”，B选项符合题意。A选项“人们仍在寻找更好的材料来取代塑料袋”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“塑料袋确实造成了许多环境问题”，文章对塑料袋造成禁令，但是也会造成纸袋的使用上升，因此可排

36、除C选项。D选项“禁止使用塑料袋极大地促进了造纸业的发展”，文章中没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with a heavy environmental cost.（然而，许多一次性用品，比如海滩清洁用品中常见的袋子、吸管和包装，本质上都是预制垃圾

37、，造成了沉重的环境成本）。C选项“大量的垃圾通常会被丢弃”，文章所说，塑料的本质都是预制垃圾，因此可推测，塑料会被当成垃圾扔掉，因此C选项正确。A选项“塑料袋只占小部分”，文章所说，许多一次性用品，例如常见的袋子，说明塑料袋不只占小部分，因此A选项可排除。B选项“它们在紧急情况或灾难中都是必不可少的”，文章所说，它们只是对生命拯救至关重要，没有说是必不可少的，因此B选项可排除。D选项“大多数都被人们很好地利用了”，文章所说，会把塑料浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段最后一句If we u

38、nderstood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.（如果我们理解塑料的真正价值，我们就不会再把它浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，而是更好地利用这种多功能材料为我们做的事情）。D选项“没有认为它的价值是理所当然的”，文章所说，如果人们理解塑料的真正价值，便不会浪费塑料，因此D选项正确。A选项“知道它的发明历史”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因

39、为浪费了它而受到惩罚”，文章没有提到，浪费塑料会受到惩罚，因此B选项可排除。C选项“意识到它对环境的影响”，文章所说，即便知道会污染环境，人们还是在浪费塑料，因此C选项可排除。因此正确答案为D选项。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第五段最后一句we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.（我们可以认识到，与许多其他材料相比，轻质塑料的生产和运输所消耗的能源更少）。B选项“在制造和运输

40、上节能”，文章所说，轻质塑料的生产和运输所消耗的能源更少，因此B选项正确。A选项“更耐用，更不易断裂”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“易于生产和使用”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。D选项“广泛应用于绿色科技”，塑料并没有广泛地运用在绿色科技，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者既讲述了塑料的危害，也说了对于塑料的使用需要明白制作和使用方式以及理解塑料的真正价值，因此作者对待塑料的态度是客观理性的。A选项“客观的”符合作者的观点态度，因此正确答案为A选项。4. 单选题Three hundred years ago news

41、travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in

42、 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a

43、 relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive ethos of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on

44、society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up ne

45、wspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published th

46、eir thousands online, Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media eli

47、te. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important means of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or w

48、atch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by Wiki leaks, which provides an a

49、nonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good

50、thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their stand

51、ards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.1. According to the passage, what initiated th

52、e transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?2. Which of the following statements best supports “Now, the new industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?3. According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?4. The authors tone in the last p

53、aragraph towards new journalism is _.5. In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolize _.问题1选项A.The emergence of big mass media firms.B.The popularity of radio and television.C.The appearance of advertising in newspapers.D.The increasing number of newspaper readers.问题2选项A.Newspaper circu

54、lation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.B.People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.C.Classified documents are published in their thousands online.D.More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.问题3选项A.Challenging the traditional media.B.Planni

55、ng the return to coffee-house news.C.Providing people with access to classified files.D.Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.问题4选项A.optimistic and cautiousB.supportive and skepticalC.doubtful and reservedD.ambiguous and cautious问题5选项A.the changing characteristics of news audienceB.the m

56、ore diversified means of news distributionC.the participatory nature of newsD.the more varied sources of news【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper.（1833年，第一份大众报纸问世，一切都改变了。） C选项“广告在报纸上的出现”，符合文章内容，报纸的出现引发

57、了咖啡馆新闻向大众媒体新闻的转变，C选项正确。A选项“大型大众传媒公司的出现”，文章第一段提到，首先是报纸，其次才是媒体，因此A选项可排除。B选项“收音机和电视的普及”，文章媒体是继报纸之后出现的，B选项可排除。D选项“越来越多的报纸读者”，文章没有提到这个内容，因此可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distri

58、buting news.（最引人注目的是，越来越多的普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和发布新闻中来）。D选项“更多的人参与寻找、讨论和传播新闻”，D选项最能够支撑此观点，D选项正确。A选项“从2005年到2009年，全球报纸发行量增长了6%”，这只是陈述一件事实，因此A选项可排除。B选项“西方世界的人们正在放弃报纸和电视新闻”，他们转而以完全不同的方式来跟踪事件。C选项“成千上万的机密文件被公布在网上”，也不能最支撑这个观点，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。B选项“计划回归咖啡屋新闻”，新闻行业正在回归到更接近咖啡屋的状态，但这不是信息技术的

59、功劳，因此B选项正确。A选项“挑战传统媒体”，信息新技术的出现，确实在一定程度上挑战了传统媒体，人们在一定程度上放弃了报纸和电视新闻，因此A选项可排除。C选项“让人们接触机密文件”，信息新技术使人们接触到了机密文件，因为成千上万的机密文件被公布在网上。因此C选项可排除。D选项“给普通人提供新闻的机会”，文章所说“普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和发布新闻中来”，因此D选项可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句In principle, every liberal should celebrate this.（原则上，每一个自

60、由主义者都应该为此庆祝）以及第七句As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources.（作为新兴的新闻的生产者，个人可以对事实审慎，对消息来源透明），从中可以看出，作者的态度是积极的并且谨慎的，A选项“乐观且谨慎”正确。因此A选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句A more participatory and social news environment, with a re

61、markable diversity and range of news sources.（一个更具参与性和社会性的新闻环境，具有显著的多样性和新闻来源的范围），可推测“咖啡屋的最佳象征”新闻的参与性。C选项“新闻的参与性”，概述了最开始是咖啡馆是新闻的各种传播方式，而所有的方式共同具有的特点就是通过人们的参与进行相互传播和扩散，后文点明的互联网正在让新闻回归到前咖啡馆时的发展状态，使其变得更加具有参与性，C选项正确。A选项“新闻受众特征的变化”，文章没有提到是新闻的受众特征发生变化，可排除A选项。B选项“新闻传播方式更加多样化”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“新闻来源越丰富”，文章没有

62、提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。5. 单选题It is not compatible with the equalitarian ideal that there should be sharp differences in the scale of monetary reward for services performed. In New Zealand, care of the underdog has long since been a more important consideration than is the case in many other countries.

63、 Successive governments may claim with some justice to have abolished poverty, but this has not been done without there taking place a narrowing of margins between the rewards for skilled and unskilled labor, with its consequent denial of incentive to acquire skill, to strive for self-improvement. T

64、he countrys citizens have come to regard social security as their inalienable right, but by taking too readily for granted the States obligation towards themselves they are apt to lose sight of the converse proposition that they themselves have obligations to the State.The reluctance to reward skilled labor at rates calculated to provide an incentive for acquiring skill has its counterpart in the reluctance to remunerate the nations best scholars and scientists on a scale sufficient to keep a fai