2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前模拟强化练习题67（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 案例题Everybody wastes time. Instead of doing his homework, the schoolboy watches television. Instead of writing her essay the student goes out with her friends. They all have good intentions, but they keep putting off the moment when they must start work. As a conseque

2、nce, they begin to feel guilty, and then waste even more time wishing they had not allowed themselves to be distracted.When someone else is organizing our time for us, as for instance during lessons or working hours, we do not necessarily work more efficiently, but at least we are subject to the dis

3、cipline of a routine. It is when we are responsible for organizing our own time that the need for self-discipline arises.I know two writers who seem to work in quite different ways. Bob is extremely methodical. He arrives at his office at 9 a.m. and is creative until 12:30. At 2 p.m. he returns to h

4、is desk and is creative until 5 p.m., when he goes home and switches off until the following morning. Alan, on the other hand, works in inspired bursts, often missing meals and sleep in order to get his ideas down on paper. Such periods of intense activity are usually followed by days when he potter

5、s around his flat, listening to Mozart and flicking through magazines.Their places of work reflect their styles. Bobs books are neatly arranged on the shelves; he can always find the books he wants. Alan, on the other hand, has books and magazines all over the place. They are about every subject und

6、er the sun, mostly unconnected with his work. All the same he has a knack of making use of the unlikely information to illuminate his books.1.People often waste their time by （ ） .2.Self-discipline is needed when one（ ） .3.Why does the author say Bob is extremely methodical?4.Alan often goes without

7、 meals and sleep when（ ） .5.Alan reads a great variety of books and magazines, so that（ ）.【答案】1.spar for time.2.arrange time for himself.3.Because Bob always arranges well with his daily schedule and working tools.4.Allen needs to burst into thoughts and record it down, he doesnt eat nor sleep.5.spa

8、rk inspiration.【解析】1.根据第一段的第四句They all have good intentions, but they keep putting off the moment when they must start work.人们通过拖延时间而浪费时间。2.根据第二段的最后一句It is when we are responsible for organizing our own time that the need for self-discipline arises.当我们组织自己的时间时, 自律的产生就很有必要了。3.根据第三段的内容可知：Bob的生活特别规律, 他

9、把自己的作息时间和工作安排的井并有条, 所以作者说鲍勃是一个非常有条理的人。4.根据第三段的倒数第二句Alan, on the other hand, works in inspired bursts, often missing meals and sleep in order to get his ideas down on paper.艾伦的作品灵感迸发, 经常为了把自己的想法写在纸上而错过吃饭和睡觉。5.根据最后一段的最后一句All the same he has a knack of making use of the unlikely information to illumina

10、te his books.尽管如此, 他还是有办法利用这些不太可能的信息来照亮他的书。也就是说以便激发灵感。2. 单选题Preliminary figures show Bibb Countys tax digest is slightly_with state guidelines,which could result in a fine of up to $100,000.问题1选项A.out for the countB.out and outC.out of blastD.out of whack【答案】D【解析】out for the count死的, 毁了的; out and ou

11、t彻底地; out of blast停工, 停产; out of whack不一致; 不正常。句意：初步数据显示，比伯县的税务摘要与该州的指导方针略有出入，可能会被处以最高10万美元的罚款。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题Although he had done many great things,he never felt it necessary to_his achievements.问题1选项A.lavishB.extravertC.imposeD.vaunt【答案】D【解析】lavish浪费, 慷慨给予; extravert使思想外倾; impose征税,强加; vaunt自夸，吹嘘。句

12、意：虽然他做了许多伟大的事情，但他从不觉得有必要夸耀自己的成就。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Despite almost universal_of the vital importance of womens literacy, education remains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.问题1选项A.confessionB.identificationC.acknowledgementD.compliment【答案】C【解析】confession忏悔, 供认；identificatio

13、n鉴定, 识别；acknowledgement承认, 认知；compliment恭维, 称赞。句意：尽管几乎普遍承认妇女识字的至关重要性, 但对世界上许多国家的许多妇女来说, 教育仍然是一个梦想。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题A person who is_typically has anxious thoughts and difficulty concentration or remembering.问题1选项A.stressedB.exploitedC.preventedD.conquered【答案】A【解析】stressed紧张的, 有压力的; exploited利用, 剥削; prev

14、ented阻止, 避免; conquered战胜, 征服。句意：压力大的人通常有焦虑的想法, 难以集中注意力或记忆。选项A符合句意。6. 案例题Most of us tell one two lies a day,according to scientists who study these things. And we rarely get caught,because the lies we tell are usually little ones: I got stuck in traffic. That color looks good on you. I was just about

15、 to call. But even the smallest fib may soon be systematically exposed,at least in the virtual World. Researchers at several universities are developing software that can detect lies in online communications such as instant messages e-mails and chatrooms. The ability to spot digital deception, as re

16、searchers call it,has never been more crucial. Today,much of our business and social life is conducted online, making us increasingly vulnerable. White collar criminals,sexual predators, scammers, identity thieves and even terrorists surf the same Web as the rest of us.Conventional lie detectors loo

17、k for physiological signs of anxietya bead of sweat or a racing pulse but online systems examine only the liars words. When were looking at language, were looking at the tool of the lie, says Jeff Hancock,an assistant professor of communication and a member of the faculty of computing and informatio

18、n science at Cornell University.Hancock,who recently received a $680,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study digital deception, says there is a growing body of evidence that the language of dishonest messages is different than that of honest ones. For example,one study led by Hancock

19、 and due to be published this spring in Discourse Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages. Liars also tend to use fewer first-person references (such a

20、s the pronoun I) and more third- person references (such as he and they). This may be the liars subconscious way of distancing himself from his lie.More surprising,Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns. For instance,people who a

21、re being deceived often use shorter sentences and ask more questions. Even though they may not be aware that they are being lied to,people seem to exhibit subconscious suspicions.To identify the patterns of deceit,Hancock has developed an instant-messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate t

22、he deceptiveness of each message they send. The system has already collected 10,000 messages,of which about 6 percent qualify as patently deceptive. Eventually the results will be incorporated into software that analyzes incoming messages.For now,the Cornell researchers are working only with the kin

23、ds of lies told by students and faculty. It remains to be seen whether such a system can be scaled up to handle big lies, such as messages sent by conartists and terrorists.Fortunately, the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps this

24、is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing. Hancock speculates. An e-mail generates multiple copies, he says.It will last longer than something carved in rock. So choose your words carefully. The internet may soon be rid not only deceit but also of lame excuses.1.The digital polygr

25、aph conducts testing based on （ ）.2.List one of the differences between false pretences and unfeigned messages,according to Hancocks study.3.The language patterns of those harboring suspicious perspectives would be characteristics of .4.Why does Hancock need the rating results of the message decepti

26、veness?5.Why do people lie less in e-mail messages than confronting with each other according to Hancocksspeculation?【答案】1.the liars words.2.According to Hancocks study,deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative

27、 emotions than did truthful messages.3.the targets of liars.4.To identify the patterns of deceit.5.Perhaps this is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing.【解析】1.根据第三段的第一句“Conventional lie detectors look for physiological signs of anxietya bead of sweat or a racing pulsebut online s

28、ystems examine only the liars words.”传统的测谎仪寻找焦虑的生理信号, 而电子测谎仪只检测说谎者的话语。所以这里应填入“the liars words.”2.根据第四段的第二句“Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages.”研究发

29、现, 欺骗性的电子邮件比真实的邮件平均多包含28%的词汇, 使用的与负面情绪有关的词汇比例也更高。3.根据第五段的第一句“More surprising,Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns.”更令人惊讶的是, Hancock和他的同事们发现, 说谎者的目标也表现出独特的语言模式。结合第五段的内容可知这里应填入“the targets of liars.”.4根据第六段的第一句“To identify the pa

30、tterns of deceit,Hancock has developed an instant- messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate the deceptiveness of each message they send.”Hancock需要欺骗性信息的评级结果是为了识别欺骗的模式。5.根据最后一段的一二句“the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps

31、this is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing.”迄今为止的研究表明, 人们通过电子邮件说谎的频率低于面对面或电话。汉考克推测, 也许这是因为人们不愿意把谎言写下来。7. 单选题Perhaps most important,the report could_more light, though it does give some,on how child welfare is changing over time.问题1选项A.glanceB.reckonC.castD.resort【答案】C【解析】glanc

32、e扫视,匆匆一看; reckon估计,猜想; cast投, 拋,计算; resort求助。cast light on使明白,使真相大白。句意：也许最重要的是, 虽然报告中涉及了一些, 但报告应该让我们明白, 随着时间的推移儿童福利正在发生怎样的变化。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题Despite much discussion, and efforts by both womens and business groups to break the glass ceiling down, the worlds biggest companies are still almost_run by men

33、.问题1选项A.exceptionallyB.excessivelyC.exclusivelyD.exceedingly【答案】C【解析】exceptionally例外地,异常地; excessively过分地, 极度; exclusively排外地, 专有地; exceedingly非常地, 极度地。句意：尽管女性和商业团体为了打破“玻璃天花板”经过多次讨论并为此付出很多努力，但世界上的大公司仍然几乎完全由男性经营。选项C符合句意。9. 写作题Write an essay on the given topic On University. Based on the following out

34、line, present your argument with supporting details of no less than 250 words. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.1.大学的功能2.大学是否实现了目标3.如何改进【答案】On UniversityIt is a clear fact that our country attaches great importance to education and there are much more students who become university freshm

35、en each year. Although they have entered into their ideal sanctum, do they really know about the university?In my opinion, university is not only a place of acquiring knowledge but a place of getting integrated development as well. A university student is on the best phase of forming his own charact

36、er and developing his all-around capacity. However, teachers in the class still keep to traditional teaching method,which hardly create a kind of environment where students have chance to express their own thoughts. In addition,a university can be described as a bridge between students and society.

37、If it doesnt link the both sides, or not enough,once students step into society,they may be puzzled by many things and scarcely know how to deal with them. So how to improve university education? We should innovate upon teaching method on the basis of traditional one so as to let students have more

38、chances to speak out their own thinking. We can also hold a small discussing meeting to deal with the real problems from society,therefore when students go out of the campus,they will adapt themselves to the society quickly.To sum up,nowadays the main problems existing in university education is tha

39、t most students lack of ability to think independently and to deal with complex things in our society. Im sure these problems will be solved as long as correct and effective measures can be taken.10. 单选题.Any Democratic president will try to_the United States from the mess in Iraq,yet all would face

40、rigid constraints.问题1选项A.knockoutB.distinguishC.overtureD.extricate【答案】D【解析】knockout击倒; distinguish区别,辨别; overture作动词意为建议; extricate使摆脱,解救。句意：任何一位民主党总统都将试图把美国从伊拉克的混乱中解救出来, 但所有人都将面临严格的约束。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题Although he was not caught cheating on the exam, the feeling of guilt_over and over again.问题1选项A.as

41、cendedB.conqueredC.securedD.recurred【答案】D【解析】ascended上升, 追溯; conquered战胜, 征服; secured安全的, 有把握的; recurred重现。句意：虽然他在考试中作弊没有被抓, 但他的负罪感还是一遍又一遍地浮现。选项D符合句意。12. 翻译题(1). When we talk about the danger of romantic love, we dont mean danger in the obvious heartbreak waythe cheap betrayals, the broken promisesw

42、e mean the dark danger that lurks when sensible, educated women fall for the dogmatic idea that romantic love is the ultimate goal for the modern female. Every day, thousands of films, books, articles and TV programs hammer home this messagethat without romance, life is somehow barren.However, there

43、 are women who entertain the subversive notion, like an intellectual mouse scratching behind the skirting board, that perhaps this higher love is not necessarily the celestial highway to absolute happiness. (2). Their empirical side kicks in. and they observe that couples who marry in a haze of ador

44、ation and sex are, ten years later, throwing china and fight bitterly over who gets the dog.(3). But the women who notice these contradictions are often afraid to speak them in case they should be labeled cynics. Surely only the most jaded and damaged would challenge the orthodoxy of romantic love.

45、The received wisdom that there is not something wrong with the modern idea of sexual love as ultimate panacea, but (hat if you dont get it, there is something wrong with you. You freak, go back and read the label. (4).We say the privileging of romantic love over all others, the insistence that it is

46、 the one essential, incontrovertible element of human happiness, traced all the way back to the caves, is a trap and a snare. The idea that every human heart, since the invention of the wheel, was yearning for its other half is a myth.(5). Love is a human constant: it is the interpretation of it tha

47、t changes. The way that love has been expressed, its significance in daily life, have never been immutable or constant. The different kinds of love and what they signify are not fixed, whatever the traditionalists may like to tell you.So the modern idea that romantic love is a womans highest calling

48、, that she is somehow only half a person without it, that if she questions it she is going against all human history, does not stand up to scrutiny. It is not an imperative carved in stone; it is a human idea, and human beings are frail and suggestible, and sometimes get the wrong end of the stick.R

49、ead the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.【答案】1.当说到浪漫爱情的危险时, 我们并不是指显而易见令人心碎的危险一可耻的背叛、 破碎的誓言而是指当明智的知识女性对教条主义思想信以为真, 即浪漫的爱情是现代女 性的终极目标时, 潜伏着的隐秘危险。2.她们的阅历经验开始发挥作用, 她们注意到, 出于爱慕和性而结婚的夫妻十年以后 却在互相摔碗, 为生活中一点小事而大打出手。3.然而, 观察到这些反差的女性往往很怕谈论这些, 生怕被他人冠以愤世嫉俗之名。 当然, 只有那些最厌倦、受伤最深

50、的女性才会挑战浪漫爱情的正统地位。4.我们认为：赋予浪漫爱情特权使其凌驾于一切之上, 并强调爱情是构成人类幸福一 个基本的、无可争议的要素, 即便追溯到洞穴社会, 这也是一种圈套和陷阱。5.爱情是人类不变的追求; 改变的只是对爱情的阐释。爱情的表达方式以及它在日常 生活的意义从来都不是永恒不变或始终如一的。13. 单选题But cellphones had been around for 15 years before they caught on with_America. By that yardstick, broadbandwidely available for only the p

51、ast couple of yearshas many more miles to go.问题1选项A.main-topmastB.mainstayC.main arteryD.mainstream【答案】D【解析】main-topmast航海主桅中桅；mainstay中流砥柱；main artery主要干线； mainstream 主流。句意：在手机成为美国主流之前，它已经存在了15年。按照这个标准，宽带还有很长的路要走宽带仅在过去几年才普及。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题Identity theft can range for the simple theft of a credit ca

52、rd,or it can go into more complex schemes where the thieves can_hundreds of people at a time.问题1选项A.embodyB.impersonateC.personifyD.assume【答案】B【解析】embody使具体化; impersonate模仿, 扮演; personify赋予.以人性, 使人格化; assume假定, 设想。句意：身份盗窃可以简単地归类于信用卡盗窃，也可以是更复杂的方案，比如窃贼可以一次冒充数百人。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题Antiwar champion Rep. Joh

53、n Murtha wants to attach conditions on the impending supplemental_bill to fund the war.问题1选项A.approbationsB.approximationsC.apprehensionsD.appropriations【答案】D【解析】approbation官方批准, 认可; approximation接近,近似值; apprehension理解,恐惧, 逮捕；appropriation挪用,拨款。句意：反战派共和党员John Murtha希望对即将通过的为战争提供资金的追加拨款法案附加条件。选项D符合句意

54、。16. 单选题In the wake of the 70-vehicle pileup,a slew of lawsuits are expected to be_against drivers, trucking companies and several state agencies alleging negligence and wrongful death.问题1选项A.subjectedB.filedC.committedD.surrendered【答案】B【解析】subject使屈从于, 使隶属; file把归档, 提出(申请等); commit犯罪,做错事; surrender

55、投降, 自首。句意：在这起70辆汽车连环相撞事件发生后, 预计将对司机、货运公司和几家州政府机构提起一系列诉讼, 指控他们玩忽职守和过失杀人。file a lawsuit against控告, 起诉。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题The following qualifications are essential for the post: an honors degree in English,_in shorthand and typewriting and some experience in journalism.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.expertiseC.knowl

56、edgeD.familiarity【答案】A【解析】proficiency精通, 熟练; expertise专门技术; familiarity熟悉。句意：应聘该职位必须具备以下条件:英语荣誉学位, 速记和打字熟练, 有一定的新闻工作经验。选项A符合句意。18. 案例题During the normal development of self, a child is affected by certain influential factors.（1）. Infants form an attachment with the mother that must undergo a process

57、of separation and individuation. Object relations psychology examines this relationship, which depends on the ability of the child to separate himself from his object, the mother, and realize that he is a separate individual.（2）. Certainly, affectionate, caring parents are essential as well. As the

58、child begins to develop his sense of self, he must master certain developmental tasks that are part of growing up, such as acquisition of language and toilet training.（3）.（4） .Since an infants relationship with his mother is so important, according to many psychologists, what effect does being separ

59、ated from the biological mother have on the adopted child? （5）. But what about a child who is older when he is adopted?（6） .When he is placed with an adoptive family, he is likely to experience separation anxiety from bis foster mother, who can be regarded as symbolically abandoning him as his own b

60、iological mother did.（7） . Now it seems as though he has to start over; his protesting may give way to despair as he yearns for people who used to be in his life. The adoptive family should offer as much affection and security as possible to reassure the child that he is safe, that they are reliable

61、 sources of loving care, and that they will help him through this difficult stage.（8）. Although he may not mind the actual separation from his mother when he goes to playschool or day care, he may become obsessed about the time when his mother is supposed to pick him up at day care or kindergarten;

62、tardiness may provoke fears about car accidents or death.On the other hand, some psychologists believe that a child who is given more affection is sometimes more strongly attached to their parents and therefore more prone to separation anxiety than are some of those who are treated more roughly. （9）

63、 . On the contrary, the capacity to experience separation anxiety can be regarded as a sign of the healthy personality.（10）.In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 110, choose the most suitable one from the list a to j to fit into each of the numbered blank.A. A safe, loving environment