2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前模拟强化练习题66（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The contents of cumbersome texts may be conveniently stored on microfilm.问题1选项A.ancientB.technicalC.bulkyD.handsome【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的，累赘的”。A项ancient“古老的”，B项technical“工艺的，艺术的”，C项bulky“体积大的，笨重的”，D项handsome“帅气的”。句意：繁琐的文字内容可以很方便地存储在缩微胶片上。根据题意该题选C。2. 单

2、选题The framework of the special theory of relativity can be constructed from the assumption of the absolute invariability of the speed of light.问题1选项A.definitionB.encouragementC.regulationD.supposition【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。assumption表示“假定，设想”。A项definition“定义，清晰度”，B项encouragement“鼓励”，C项regulation“管理，规则”，D项s

3、upposition“假定，推测”。句意：狭义相对论的框架可以从光速绝对不变性的假设来构建。根据题意该题选D。3. 单选题Owing to the unpredictable weather, the arrangements are subject to change.问题1选项A.supposedB.aboutC.liableD.bound【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Be subject to表示“有倾向，受支配”；A项be supposed to“被期望，应该”，B项be about to“即将，刚要”，C项be liable to“有倾向，易于”，D项be bound to“必然，

4、一定要”。句意：由于天气变化莫测，安排可能会有所改变。因此C项正确。4. 翻译题On average, kids fare better in two-parent families. But a sizable percentage of children in single-parent families thrive, and many in two-parent families do not. What matters mostregardless of family structureis what happens within the family.Particularly im

5、portant is the familys ability to support and nurture, minimize conflict, practice democratic decision making, set and enforce boundaries, provide consistent and positive forms of discipline and model, and encourage values of caring and responsibility.Families should also provide access to structure

6、d activities (e.g., clubs, organizations, lessons) and a stimulating environment for learning (including parental involvement in schooling).While it is somewhat easier to deliver these in two-parent families, some single-parent families do succeed by drawing on informal and formal support systems fr

7、om neighborhoods, schools, and churches. Our challenge is to discover ways to maximize the number of strong two-parent families and support all family efforts to raise healthy children, including efforts by single-parent families.【答案】参考译文：一般来说，在双亲家庭长大的孩子成长得更好。但是也有相当大的一部分单亲家庭的孩子得到健康成长，而许多双亲家庭的孩子却没有。不

8、管家庭结构如何，最重要的是家庭内部所发生的事情。家庭的这些能力是极为重要的：抚养、避免冲突、践行家庭民主抉择、制定和实施家法、树立典范以及鼓励富有爱心和责任心。每个家庭还应该组织结构性活动（如参加俱乐部、社团以及辅导班）并且营造良好的学习环境（包括父母参与学校教育）。双亲家庭做到这些显得更加容易，但是单亲家庭却得靠邻居、学校和教堂的正式和非正式的帮助。我们现在面临的挑战是如何尽量增加幸福家庭的数量，帮助所有单亲和双亲家庭的孩子健康成长。5. 单选题It is easy to understand that the thicker the seam is, _ to get the coal o

9、ut of the ground.问题1选项A.it is cheaperB.the cheaperC.it is more cheapD.the cheaper it is【答案】D【解析】考查比较级的用法。“The +比较级，the+比较级”表示“越越”。Cheap的比较级形式是cheaper，所以排除C项；B项缺少主语和谓语，所以B项排除；A项不符合语法。句意：很容易理解的是，煤层越厚，将煤从地下开采出来的成本就越低。因此D项正确。6. 单选题Human eyesight is so keen that on a clear, moonless night a person standi

10、ng on a mountain peak can see a match being struck as far as fifty miles away.问题1选项A.slappedB.litC.stuckD.blazed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。struck表示“打击，划（火柴），罢工”。A项slap“拍击”，B项lit“点亮，点燃”，C项stick“刺，戳”，D项blaze“燃烧，照耀”。句意：人类的视力是如此敏锐，在一个晴朗、没有月亮的夜晚，一个人站在山顶上，就能看到50英里外的人正在划一根火柴。根据题意该题选B。7. 单选题The month which started wit

11、h the fall of Rome witnessed also the fall of other cities and the German Fortress was successfully besieged.问题1选项A.suppressedB.surveyedC.surroundedD.surrendered【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。besiege表示“围困，包围”；A项suppress“抑制，镇压”，B项survey“调查，测量”，C项surround“围绕，包围”，D项surrender“投降，放弃”。句意：从罗马沦陷开始的那个月，也见证了其他城市的沦陷，德国要塞被成功包

12、围。根据句意该题选C。8. 单选题Habits can be consciously strengthened, as when a student of the violin practices and memorizes different fingerings.问题1选项A.convenientlyB.lastinglyC.intentionallyD.robustly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。consciously表示“自觉地，有意识的”。A项conveniently“便利地，合宜地”，B项lastingly“持续地”，C项intentionally“故意地，有意地”，D项rob

13、ustly“粗鲁地，坚定地”。句意：习惯可以有意识地加强，就像一个学小提琴的学生练习和记忆不同的指法一样。根据题意该题选C。9. 翻译题An individual human existence should be like a riversmall at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow mor

14、e quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man, who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vita

15、lity, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.【答案】参考译文：一个人的存在应该像一条河流开始是涓涓细流，被限制在狭窄的河岸之间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，越过瀑布。渐渐地，河面变

16、宽了，河岸也远去，河水流动得更加平静。最后，它没有间断地融入了大海，而后便毫无痛苦地消失了自我。能够这样理解自己一生的老人，就不会因害怕死亡而痛苦，因为他所珍爱的一切都会继续存在下去。而且，随着精力的衰退，倦意的增加，长眠的想法并不是不受欢迎的。我希望死于尚能劳作之时，知道别人会继续我未竟的事业，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到满足。10. 单选题Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the worlds average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecol

17、ogists have turned to historical data in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoes affect weather changes that are similar to air pollution.One source of information is the effect of the eruption of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies, in April 1815

18、. The largest recorded volcanic eruption, Tambora threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth. For example, records

19、 of weather in England show that between April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen 4,5 F. During the next twenty four months, England suffered one of the coldest periods of its history. Farmers records from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer

20、 and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause.Ecologists today warn that we face a two-fold menace. The ever-present possibil

21、ity of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mr. St. Helens in Washington, added to mans pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.41. It is believed that the earth gets colder when _.42. The effects of Tamboras eruption w

22、ere _.43. The cause of cold weather in England from 1815 to 1818 was _.44. No one realized the cause of the deterioration of the world agricultural commodity market because _.45. If, as some scientists predict, the world ends in ice, what might be the cause?问题1选项A.volcanoes eruptB.the air is pollute

23、d by modern manC.the rays of the sun are turned into spaceD.all of the above问题2选项A.felt mainly in the Dutch East IndiesB.of several days duration worldwideC.evidence of pollutions cooling the earthD.immediately evident to the worlds scientists问题3选项A.decreased crop and livestock productionB.volcanic

24、ash in the atmosphereC.pollution caused by the Industrial RevolutionD.its proximity to the North Sea问题4选项A.there was a long delay between cause and effectB.the weather is beyond our comprehensionC.weather forecasts were inaccurateD.ecologists didnt exist until modern times问题5选项A.Modern mans pollutio

25、n of the air.B.Volcanic eruptions.C.Obliteration of solar radiation.D.All of the above.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】41.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“人们相信在地球会变得更冷”。根据文章第一段首句Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the worlds average air temperature（科学家声称，空气污染导致世界平均气温下降）和最后一句They suspect

26、 that volcanoes affect weather changes that are similar to air pollution.（科学家们怀疑火山对天气变化的影响类似于空气污染）可知，volcanoes erupt是改变天气的一个原因；第二段第四行提到Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth.（其作用是将入射的太阳辐射送入太空，从而使地球降温）可知，太阳辐射送入太空可以降低地球温度；第三段最后一句提到mans pollution of the atmosp

27、here with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.（人们使用石油、天然气、煤炭和其他污染物质对大气的污染，可能会给我们带来越来越寒冷的天气）可知，空气污染也是天气变冷的一个原因；因此A项“火山爆发”，B项“现代人造成的空气污染”，C项“把太阳辐射送入太空”均正确，故该题选D项“以上都是”。42.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“坦博拉火山爆发的影响是”。根据第二段的第三句The ash from a volcano spreads

28、worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中）和第二段最后一句Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause.（由于原因与后果之间的长达数年的时差，所以当人们

29、遭遇后果时候，往往不能认识到导致其的真正原因）可知A项“荷属东印度群岛才会感觉到这一影响”，B项“在世界范围内持续数天”，D项“立刻成为全世界科学家所关注的证据”都不符合。故该题C项“污染正在冷却地球的证据”正确。43.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“1815到1818年英国冷天气的原因是由于”。根据第二段的第三句The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiati

30、on into space and thus cool the earth.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中; 火山灰让太阳辐射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）可知B项“大气中的火山灰”正确，A项“农作物和牲畜产量下降”是后果，不是原因；C项“工业革命造成的污染”和D项“靠近北海”在文中没有提及，因此B正确。44.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“没有人认识到世界农产品市场恶化的原因是因为”。根据第二段最后一句Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and

31、 effect（由于因果之间有几年的时间差）可知A项“因果之间有一段长时间间隔”正确，B项“天气变化超出了人类理解力范围”，C项“天气预报不准确”，D项“到现代才出现生态学家”在文中没有提及，因此该题选A。45.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“如果像一些科学家预测的那样，世界将在冰中终结，原因可能是什么?”。根据文中第二段中的第四句Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth.（火山灰让太阳福射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）及最后一段的第二句The ever-

32、present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mr. St. Helens in Washington, added to mans pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.（如华盛顿的St. Helens先生说的那样，火山爆发的可能性的始终存在和人类消耗石油、天然气、煤和其它污染物而带来的大气污染有可能为人类带来不断变冷

33、的气候）可知A项“现代人类对空气的污染”，B项“火山爆发”，C项“太阳辐射的消失”均符合，因此该题选D项“以上都是”。11. 单选题The good news is that creativity training that aligns with the new science works surprisingly well. The University of Oklahoma, the University of Georgia, and Taiwans National Chengchi University each independently conducted a large-s

34、cale analysis of such programs. All three teams of scholars concluded that creativity training can have a strong effect. “Creativity can be taught.” says James C. Kaufman, professor at California State University, San Bernardino.Whats common about successful programs is they alternate maximum diverg

35、ent thinking with bouts of intense convergent thinking, through several stages. Real improvement doesnt happen in a weekend workshop. But when applied to the everyday process of work or school, brain function improves.So what does this mean for Americas standards-obsessed schools? The key is in how

36、kids work through the vast catalog of information. Consider the National Inventors Hall of Fame School, a new public middle school in Akron, Ohio. Mindful of Ohios curriculum requirements, the schools teachers came up with a project for the fifth graders: figure out how to reduce the noise in the li

37、brary. Its windows faced a public space and, even when closed, let through too much noise. The students had four weeks to design proposals.Working in small teams, the fifth graders first engaged in what creativity theorist Donald Treffinger describes as fact-finding. How does sound travel through ma

38、terials? What materials reduce noise the most? Then, problem findinganticipating all potential pitfalls so their designs are more likely to work. Next, idea-finding generate as many ideas as possible. Drapes, plants, or large kites hung from the ceiling would all baffle sound. Or, instead of reducin

39、g the sound, maybe mask it by playing the sound of gentle waterfall? A proposal for double-paned glass evolved into an idea to fill the space between panes with water. Next, solution-finding: which ideas were the most effective, cheapest, and aesthetically pleasing? Fiberglass absorbed sound the bes

40、t but wouldnt be safe. Would an aquarium with fish be easier than water-filled panes?Then teams developed a plan of action. They built scale models and chose fabric samples. They realized theyd need to persuade a janitor to care for the plants and fish during vacation. Teams persuaded others to supp

41、ort themsometimes so well, teams decided to combine projects. Finally, they presented designs to teachers, parents, and Jim West, inventor of the electric microphone.51. The good news about the three teams conclusion is that _.52. According to the passage the improvement of divergent and convergent

42、thinking take place _.53. The subjects of the project in an Americas standards-obsessed school are _.54. According to the author, the teams in the school project have gone through the following steps except _.55. What was indicated from the tact that the teams presented designs to Jim West, inventor

43、 of the electric microphone?问题1选项A.large-scale analysis has been conductedB.three universities all reached their conclusionsC.creative training coincide with new science worksD.creative training can be strongly affected问题2选项A.in different stagesB.during experimentC.on weekend workshopD.in routine wo

44、rk or school问题3选项A.the fifth gradersB.the scientistsC.the windowsD.the proposals问题4选项A.finding factsB.finding plansC.finding ideasD.finding solutions问题5选项A.The teams need to make a consultation.B.The teams would like to persuade him.C.The designs of the teams reached a high level.D.The designs of th

45、e teams got his support.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】51.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“关于这三个团队的结论，好消息是什么？”。从第一段The good news is that creativity training that aligns with the new science works surprisingly well.（好消息是与技术学结盟的创造性训练效果出乎意料的好）和后面三个研究团队得出的结论Creativity can be taught.（创造力可以被教授），可以得出关于这三个团队的结论的

46、好消息是创造性训练与新的科技相吻合；A选项“进行了大规模分析”和B选项“三个团队都得出了结论”不是关于结论的好消息，D选项“创造力能够被强烈的影响”不够具体，因此C选项正确。52.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“分散和聚合思维发生在哪里？”。第二段提到Real improvement doesnt happen in a weekend workshop. But when applied to the everyday process of work or school, brain function improves.（真正的进步不会发生在周末的研讨会上。但如果应用到日

47、常工作或学习过程中，大脑功能就会得到提高）；由此推断分散和聚合思维发生在日常工作和学习中，A项“不同阶段”没有提到；B项“实验中”包括在学校工作里面；C项“周末研讨会”错误。因此D项正确。53.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“课题的主题是什么？”。第三段提到the schools teachers came up with a project for the fifth graders: figure out how to reduce the noise in the library. Its windows faced a public space and, even

48、when closed, let through too much noise. The students had four weeks to design proposals.（学校的老师们给五年级的学生们提出了一个课题：如何减少图书馆的噪音。它的窗户面向公共空间，即使关上了仍然有很大的噪音。学生们有四周的时间来设计方案）；由此可知课题是就如何减少图书馆的噪音做方案。A项是“五年级”，B项是“科学家”，C项是“窗户”，D项是“方案”；因此D项正确。54.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“根据作者，在这个项目中，五年级学生团队做以下几个步骤除了以外？”。第四段讲述的都是五年级

49、团队为这个项目所做的一些行动，文中提到了fact-finding, problem-finding, idea-finding和solution-finding，由此可知只有B项“发现计划”没有提到，所以此题选B选项。55.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“小组把设计方案提交给Jim West暗示了什么？”。最后一段指出Teams persuaded others to support themsometimes so well, teams decided to combine projects. Finally, they presented designs to tea

50、chers, parents, and Jim West, inventor of the electric microphone.（团队说服了其他团队支持他们，有时候情况好到各团队决定把设计方案结合在一起；最后，他们向老师、家长和电子麦克风的发明者吉姆韦斯特（Jim West）展示了设计方案），可以推测，他们是想要咨询老师，父母和Jim West的意见，B项“团队说服了Jim”、C项“设计方案达到了更高的级别”和D项“团队得到了Jim的支持”均未提到。因此此题选A选项。12. 单选题The wrapper itself _ the shopper, who usually throws it

51、 away immediately.问题1选项A.is not an interest toB.is of no interest toC.is not interested toD.is uninteresting to【答案】B【解析】考查interest的意义和用法，固定搭配be of (no) interest to sb.“（不）会引起的兴趣”；区别interested“感兴趣”，interesting“有趣的”，interest“兴趣，爱好”。A项语义不符，C项表示“包装纸对顾客不感兴趣”不符合句子逻辑，D项也不符合逻辑；本句句意是：对于顾客来说，包装纸本身不会引起其兴趣，通常，他

52、们立即就将其扔掉了。根据语义，B项最符合。13. 翻译题为了保证刑法的正确实施，惩罚犯罪，保护人民，保障国家安全和社会公共安全，维护社会主义社会秩序，根据宪法，制定中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法。本法的任务是：保证准确、及时地查明犯罪事实，正确运用法律，惩罚犯罪分子，保证无罪的人不受刑事追究，教育公民自觉遵守法律，积极同犯罪分子做斗争，以维护社会主义法制，保护公民的人身权利、财产权利和其他权利，保证社会主义事业的顺利进行。【答案】参考译文：The Criminal Procedure Law of the Peoples Republic of China is enacted in accorda

53、nce with the Constitution and for the purpose of ensuring correct enforcement of the Criminal Law, punishing crimes, protecting the people, safeguarding State and public security and maintaining socialist public order. The aim of this Law is: to ensure accurate and timely ascertainment of facts abou

54、t crimes, correct application of law, punishment of criminals and protection of the innocent against being investigated for criminal responsibility; to enhance the citizens awareness of the need to abide by law and to fight vigorously against criminal acts in order to safeguard the socialist legal s

55、ystem; to protect the citizens personal rights, their property rights, democratic rights and other rights; and to guarantee smooth progress of the cause of socialist development.14. 单选题When people speak of solar energy, they think only of the suns rays heating a home or _ electricity from the sun.问题

56、1选项A.deriveB.of derivingC.derivingD.to derive【答案】C【解析】考查语法。Think of后面应该接名词或者动名词，故排除A、B、D项，只有C项正确。句意：当人们谈到太阳能时，他们想到的只是用太阳的光线来加热房屋或从太阳中获得电力。因此该题选C。15. 单选题The acoustics of most of the cinema halls in the suburban districts _ deplorable.问题1选项A.is to beB.are to beC.isD.are【答案】D【解析】考查主谓单复数一致。Acoustics作单数，

57、意思是“声学”，作复数用时，意思是“声音效果，音响设备”。句意：郊区大多数电影院大厅的音响效果很差。A项和B项表将来时，因此排除；根据句意这里的acoustics表示“音响设备”因此要用复数are，排除C项，故该题选D。16. 单选题The remaining three quarters of the population will incur medical bills that are less than what they pay for health insurance.问题1选项A.receiveB.sufferC.keepD.make【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。incur在句

58、中是“承受”，A选项receive“接受”；B选项suffer“遭受”；C选项keep“保持”；D选项make“制造，制作”。句意：剩下四分之三的人将遭受医疗费用比他们所交的医疗保险还要低的境遇。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题He decided to go ahead with his project _ what other people said.问题1选项A.regardingB.regardless ofC.regardlessD.regarding of【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A项regarding“关于，至于”，B项regardless of“不管，不顾”，C项regardl

59、ess“不管的”，D项regarding of“关于”。句意：不论其他人怎么说，他都决定继续完成他的计划。根据句意，正确答案为B。18. 单选题Before an amendment can be added to the Constitution, it must be ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures.问题1选项A.discussedB.endorsedC.proposedD.revised【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。ratify表示“批准，认可”。A项discuss“讨论”，B项endorse“签字，签署”，表示认

60、可的意思，C项propose“打算，计划”，D项revise“修改”；句意：修正案必须得到四分之三的国家立法机关的批准，才能被添加到宪法中。根据句意该题选B。19. 单选题_, glasses can correct most sight defect in healthy eyes.问题1选项A.When well fittedB.Well fitted whenC.Well fitted ifD.If well fitted when【答案】A【解析】考查语法。When和if都可以表示连接从句表示假设，但不能同时使用，所以排除D项；般的语序是when/if+从句，而不是从句之后接连词，故排

61、除B项和C项；注意题干，主语是glasses（眼镜），从句的主语也是一致的，所以从句的主语和被动语态的be动词省略。句意：如果配戴得当，眼镜可以矫正健康眼睛的大部分视力缺陷。因此，该题正确答案为A。20. 单选题The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _ which the students potentiality is developed.问题1选项A.toB.ofC.withD.in【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A项to“对”，B项of“的”，C项with“和”，D项in“在里”。To degree表示“在程度上，到的程度”，the students potentiality is developed修饰the degree，degree后面如果要用从句的话，在用which的同时还要加上介词to。句意：教学质量应以学生潜能开发的程度来衡量。因此A项正确。