2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题31（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题Our initial fieldwork site（1） out to be completely unsuitable. Our team（2） over a week there before we recognized that we （3）never find the quality of fossils we were （4） for in that spot. 【答案】1. turned;2.worked;3.would;4. looking【解析】1.固定搭配。turn out to be被发现是，结果

2、是。而且此处应为过去式turned。2.语义题。第二空填不及物动词,因此worked符合句意。3.语法分析。第三空填would表示过去将来时。4.固定搭配。we were for是定语从句修饰the quality of fossils,那么第四空可填现在分词looking,构成look for “寻找”。2. 填空题I went to see a movie last night. The film was a British comedy that had been（1） to me by a number of my friends. It turned （2）to bejust as

3、funny as theyd said it would be. I（3） so hard that there weretears in my eyes, especially at the climax toward the end. The film is without （4）the funniest that Ive ever seen. When you get a（5） , youshould see it （6）.句意:昨晚我去看了一部电影。这是一部英国喜剧电影，由很多我的朋友向我推荐。它 证明是如他们所说的那样有趣。我笑得那么厉害，以致我的眼泪都出来了，尤其是在 接近尾声的高

4、潮时。这部电影无疑是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。如果你有机会的话， 你也应当去看看。【答案】1.recommended2.out3.laughed4.doubt5.chance6.too【解析】1.语义题。句意：由很多我的朋友推荐。2.固定搭配。turn out证明是，原来是。3.逻辑衔接。由后面的关键词“ .the funniest that Ive ever seen是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。”可推知这里指“笑得厉害到眼泪都出来了”。4.固定搭配。without doubt 毫无疑问。5.逻辑衔接。句意为：若有机会，你也应当去看看。6.语义题。句意: 若有机会，你也应当去看看。3. 单选题

5、The students, arriving at the usual time for breakfast, were extremely fhrious when they discovered that the prices of almost the food items had doubled overnight.问题1选项A.students, arrivingB.were extremely fhriousC.almost the food itemsD.had doubledE.没有问题【答案】B【解析】副词多余。去除extremely。由 furious 的英文释义“mark

6、ed by extreme and violent energy or extreme anger”知它已经含有extremely“极其；非常”的意思，故B项这里的“extremely” 属于重复，应该去除。4. 填空题After I （1）the university entrance exam, I was extremely upset, because I was almost sure I had（2） the test. To my（3） , it （4）out that I had gotten the highest score inthe province!句意: 大学入学考

7、试考完，我感到非常沮丧，因为我几乎确信自己考试没有通过。 然而令我感到意外的是自己最后的实际成绩是省里的最高分。【答案】1.finished2.failed3.surprise4.tumed【解析】1.语义题。句意为高考结束，动词finish合适，根据时态为过去式，故用finished。2.固定搭配。fail the exam 考试失败。这里用过去完成时。3.固定搭配。to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是。4.固定搭配。It turns out that 结果是。5. 单选题9. If there is any endeavour whose fruits should be fr

8、eely available, that endeavour is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.10. There is a widespread feeling that

9、 the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. On July 16 it announced that, from 2013, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for any

10、one to read and redistribute.11. Britains government is not alone. On July 17 the European Union followed suit. It proposes making research paid for by its next scientific-spending round - which runs from 2014 to 2020, and will hand out about 80 billion, or $100 billion, in grants - similarly easy t

11、o get hold of. In America, the National Institutes of Health (NIH, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the worlds second-biggest charitable source of scientific money,

12、after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support make their work available free.12. Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things, One is that their processes take months, when the internet could allow them to take days, The other is tha

13、t because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions -in an armlock. That

14、, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011 Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of 768m on revenues of 2.06 billion - a margin of 37%. Indeed, Elseviers profits are thought so egregious by many people that 12,000 res

15、earchers have signed up to boycott the companys journals.13. Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer review, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also sort the scientific sheep fro

16、m the goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system

17、becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.14. But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it on line, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists th

18、emselves, but governments are now, as Britains announcement makes clear, paying attention and asking whether they too might benefit from the change.15. The British announcement followed the publication of a report by Dame Janet Finch, a sociologist at the University of Manchester, which recommends e

19、ncouraging a business model adopted by one of the pioneers of open-access publishing, the Public Library of Science. This organization, a charity based in San Francisco, charges authors a fee (between $1,350 and $2,900, though it is waived in cases of hardship) and then makes their papers available

20、over the internet for nothing. For PLoS, as the charity is widely known, this works well. It has launched seven widely respected electronic journals since its foundation in 2000. For reasons lost in history, this is known as the gold model.16. The NIHs approach is different. It lets researchers publ

21、ish in traditional journals, but on condition that, within a year, they post their papers on a free repository website called PubMed. Journals have to agree to this, or be excluded from the process. This is known as the green model.17. Both gold and green models involve pre-publication peer review.

22、But a third does away with even that. Many scientists, physicists in particular, now upload drafts of their papers into public archives paid for by networks of universities for the general good. (The most popular is known as arXivn, the middle letter being a Greek chi.) Here, manuscripts are subject

23、 to a ruthless process of open peer review, rather than the secret sort traditional publishers employ. An arXived paper may end up in a traditional journal, but that is merely to provide a public mark of approval for the research team who wrote it. Its actual publication and its value to other scien

24、tists date from its original arrival online.18. The success of PLoS, and the political shift towards open access, is encouraging other new ventures too. Seeing the writing on the wall, several commercial publishers are experimenting with gold-model publishing. Meanwhile, later this year a coalition

25、of the Wellcome Trust, the Max Planck Institute (which runs many of Germanys leading laboratories) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute will publish the first edition of eLife, an open-access journal with ambitions to rival the most famous journal of the lot, Nature. The deep pockets of these org

26、anizations mean that, for the first few years at least, this journal will not even require a publication fee.19. Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals* curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierc

27、e advocate of open-access publication, worries that a system based on the green model could become fragmented. That might happen if the newly liberated papers ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way the NIH insists on. But research just published in BMC Medicine (an op

28、en-access journal from Springer) suggests papers in open-access journals are as widely cited as those in traditional publications.20. A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it.If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be .1

29、.The opening paragraphs of text B seem to indicate that（ ）2.According to text B, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation（ ） .3.Text B states that people who are unhappy with publishers of scientific journals （ ）.4.When scientific papers pass through peer review,（ ） .5.The word egregious in paragraph 1

30、2 means（ ） .6.In the publication models described in text B, peer review occurs （ ）.7.Paragraph 18（ ） .8.Towards the end of text B, the author mentions the concerns of Sir Mark Walport,who（ ） .9.If one compares text A and text B, one can see that（ ） .问题1选项A.scientists are angered by the publication

31、practices that they confront in their work.B.commercial publishers are increasingly seen as a negative factor in science.C.commercial publishers are needed more than ever in order to separate good research from poor research.D.less good research is appearing as a result of the control exercised by j

32、ournal publishers.问题2选项A.is a very important provider of funding for scientific research.B.requires that researchers supported by the Foundation make their findings freely available to the public.C.follows the example set by the NIH in America.D.has a monopoly on any research results produced by sci

33、entists it supports.问题3选项A.object to their slowness and the high cost of the journals.B.think that such journals should be abolished as an obstacle to free speech.C.criticize above all the unfairness of choosing some articles for publication and not others.D.blame them for the slow pace of scientifi

34、c progress in recent years.问题4选项A.they are being graded and assigned to different levels of publication.B.government officials decide what research is worthy of publication.C.researchers are being paid to criticize the work of fellow researchers.D.scientists are evaluating the work of other scientis

35、ts in their field问题5选项A.somewhat unfavorableB.quite unnecessaryC.strikingly unreasonableD.clearly bizarre问题6选项A.before publication in the first two, after publication in the thirdB.in secret and without the name of the reviewers being knownC.for papers in some scientific fields but not in othersD.in

36、 exactly the same way. Peer review is not an issue问题7选项A.seems to indicate that most journal publishers are resisting any change.B.makes it clear that the present publishing arrangements are doomedC.provides support for the strong assertions in the final paragraph of the text.D.in effect predicts th

37、at the commercial publishers will win in the struggle with free open-access publication.问题8选项A.fears that the quality of scientific publishing is currently in decline.B.strongly supports the green model over current arrangements and other publishing models.C.believes that the weaknesses of the green

38、 model can easily be remedied by the use of open-access repository websites for research.D.worries that good papers published in open-access journals and repositories may not receive the attention that they deserve.问题9选项A.both texts are straightforward reports, i.e. objective presentations of facts.

39、B.text B is basically a discussion essay advancing certain opinions, while text A is a simple report.C.both texts are intended to win the reader over to certain views.D.text A is intended to win support for a certain direction in research, whereas text B explains a dilemma in straightforward terms,

40、without taking a position of any sort【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思为“文章B开始的段落似乎为了指出”。第十段指出:There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it (人们普遍认为, 在过去一个世纪或更多时间调

41、停这个交换（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成为该调停的障碍。可知B项“商业出版商正越来越被看成是科学的消极因素” 正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第11段: And the Welcome Trust, a British foundation that is the worlds second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support make their

42、work available free (另外，仅次于比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会，作去世界上第二大慈善科研资金来源的英国维康信托基金会，也坚持要求那些接受它支持的对象 必须公开科研成果)。由此可知A项“一个重要的科研资金提供者”正确.。3.细节事实题。由第十二段第一句指出: Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things, One is that their processes take months, when the internet could allow them to take days, The othe

43、r is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down(对期刊出版商的批评通常归结为两件事，一是他们的过程需要几个月，当互联网允许他们花上几天的时间时，另一个是因为每一份报纸都像一个小的垄断，如果他们想提高自己的阅读水平，这一领域的工作人员必须阅读, 没有降价的空间),可知A项“抗议他们（出

44、版商）的速度慢和期刊的高价格”正确。4.细节事实题。题干说 “当科学论文通过同行评审时”。第十三段:They organize peer review, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts （though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do）(他们（即出版商）组织同行评审，在该评审中专家们不具名地对论文进行评论（但是这些专家如论文的作者样很少为自己的工作而得到报酬）)。由此可知D项“科学家将评价自己领域其它科

45、学家的工作”正确。5.词义题。根据题干定位至第十二段: Indeed, Elseviers profits are thought so egregious by manypeople that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the companys journals (的确，爱思唯尔（世界领先的科技及医学出版公司）的利润被许多人认为是如此，以致1.2万名研究者签名去联合抵制这家公司的期刊)。由此推测egregious 的意思为“非常不合理的；过分的”。6.细节事实题。由第17段中 “Both gold and green model

46、s involve pre-publication peer review. But a third does away with even that.金色和绿色模式涉及出版前同行评审，但是第三种模式经常不用在出版前进行同行评审”知A项“在前两种（出版模式）中发 生在出版前，在第三中（出版模式）发生在出版后”正确7.推理判断题。第十八段:The deep pockets of these organizations mean that,for the first few years at least, this journal will not even require a publicati

47、on fee (这些组织的雄厚财力意味着至少在前几年这个期刊将甚至不需要出版费)及第二句: several commercial publishers are experimenting with gold-model publishing (几个商业出版商正在试用金色模式的出版)。可推知“作者对传统的科学期刊出版商的担忧”，这为第二十段中的“If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.如果科学出版商没有觉得担心的话，那么他们应该开始担心了”提供了论据支持，故C项“为文章最后一段中的有力的断

48、言提供了支持”正确。8.推理判断题。根据题干定位至文章后面第十九段: But research just published in BMC Medicine（an open-access journal from Springer）suggests papers in open-access journals are as widely cited as those in traditional publications(但是BMC 医学（斯普林格的一个开放阅览期刊）最近公布的调查显示开放阅览期刊被引用的广泛程度和传统期刊一样多)中的but “但是”表转折的对应可推测“Mark Walport

49、先生担心开放阅览期刊相比传统期刊可能收不到应有的关注”，由此知D项“担心发布 在开放阅览期刊和存放处上的好论文可能受不到它们应有的关注”正确。9.主旨大意题。文章A中最后一段引用教授James Horne的话来对教授Dijk的研究进行评价及文章A全文都在用报告的方式进行叙述, 因此文章A是一个简单的报告文章，而文章B中大多数段落如第13段首句“Publishers do provide a service.出版商确实也提供服务”、第19段首句“Much remains to be worked out. 还需要解决很多事情”等提出观点后再论证”知文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文，由此知B

50、项“文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文， 而文章A是一篇简单的报告文章”正确；6. 填空题Yesterday I went （1）a drink with three Canadian geologists who came to hear my presentation. It （2）out that we have a number of research interests in（3） , so we（4） the possibility of working together, using new material from sites in Canada and China.【答

51、案】for; turned; common; discussed【解析】句意: 昨天我和三个过来听我报告的加拿大地质学家一起喝酒。发现我们在研究兴趣上有很多相同点，所以我们探讨共同工作的可能性，使用来自加拿大和中国地皮上的新材料。1.固定搭配。go for a drink 出去喝点。2.固定搭配。It turns out that. 结果是,这里应该用过去式turned。3.固定搭配。have sth. in common有相同之处。4.语义题。句意推测为: 所以我们探讨共同工作的可能性。7. 单选题Im sorry I have to cancel lunch on Tuesday. My

52、secretary informs me that Ill be in meetings all day long to put the final touches on our budget for next year. How does your schedule look next week?问题1选项A.sorry I have to cancelB.informsC.all day longD.put the final touches on our budget forE.没有错误【答案】E【解析】8. 单选题Even if few observers would classify

53、 China as a truly child-centered society, Chinese culture undoubtedly places a high value on their children.问题1选项A.Even if fewB.would classifyC.as a truly child-centered societyD.on their childrenE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】代词误用。去掉their。句子主语为Chinese culture, 根据句子结构推断their指代的是Chinese culture, 显然不合适。9. 单选题Once you

54、 have finished reading these documents from our consultant, we would like to have your opinion regarding the value of the advices received so far.问题1选项A.Once you haveB.regardingC.value of the advicesD.so farE.没有问题【答案】E【解析】10. 填空题Ann（1） bom in London but she （2）up in Scotland【答案】1.was2.grew【解析】1.固定搭配

55、。Be born in 出生于。这里应该用一般过去时。2.固定搭配。grow up 成长。11. 单选题The short, smiling man who introduce himself as the manager denied that we had paid more than other people, though he did admit that we had been put in a “special” room.问题1选项A.who introduce himselfB.as the manager deniedC.did admitD.had been putE.没

56、有错误【答案】A【解析】语法题。时态错误。introduce改为introduced。谓语动词为denied,是一般过去时,因此A项定语从句中的动词Introduce也应该用过去式。12. 单选题The scientists were very frustrating as they tried again and again to use the mechanical arm to pick up the smooth, slippery object from the bottom of the sea and bring it into the vessel.问题1选项A.were ve

57、ry frustratingB.as theyC.again and againD.bring it into the vessel.E.没有问题【答案】A【解析】形容词误用。frustrating改为frustrated。frustrated：挫败的，泄气的，符合句意。frustrating：令人沮丧的。13. 单选题When he came out to the lobby to help us find a taxi as we were about to head for the airport, we thanked him for all the helps he had give

58、n us during our stay and invited him to look us up in Shanghai if he ever found himself there.问题1选项A.as we were about to head forB.helps he had given usC.look us up inD.ever found himself there.E.没有错误【答案】B【解析】语法题。名词的数误用。Helps 改为help。Help表示 “帮助”时, 是不可数名词。14. 填空题These documents are all in Chinese. We

59、need to（1） them translated（2） English in time （3）the meeting with the foreign businessmen（4） Friday.句意: 这些文件都是汉语，我们需要在周五和外商开会前及时将他们翻译成英语。【答案】1.get2.into3.before4.on【解析】1.语法题。使役动词get在这里表示 “使翻译成”。2.固定搭配。Translateinto 将翻译成3.语义题。句意:在会议开始之前。4.语法题。考查介词。在具体的某天前用介词on。15. 填空题Who（1） you how to prepare specime

60、ns for analysis? You do it so well! I（2）that I could do it as skillfully as you. Unfortunately I wasnt given very good training（3） lab techniques when I was a student. Although I know you*re too（4） to be my teacher, I would appreciate it if youd （5）out any mistakes I make. Im always （6）to improve.大意

61、: 是谁教你如何去准备这个分析样本的？你做得这么好！我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。不幸的是，当我是个学生的时候，我在实验技术方面没有受过很好的培训。尽管，我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师，但是如果你能指出我犯的错误，我会很感激。 我总渴望进步。【答案】1.taught2.wish3.in4.busy5.point6.eager【解析】1.词汇题。根据后面的how to prepare推测空格处应表示 “告诉,教”,且此处应为一般过去时。2.词汇题。句意:我希望我能和你一样做得精巧。3.词汇题。In表示 “在方面”。4.词汇题。句意: 我知道你太忙而不能成为我的老师。5.固定搭配。Point out

62、 指出(错误等)。6.固定搭配。Be eager to 渴望。16. 填空题My grandfathers heavy Fujian accent（1） his Chinese hard to understand（2）times. I love to talk to him, but I often（3） to understand things he says, so I have to ask him to（4）. This doesnt（5）him, but it does me. When my mother is around, she helps when she（6）that

63、Im having trouble. The problem is that Ive never（7 ） any time in the small town（8）the Fujian oast where my grandfather （9）up. My mother, who also lived there till shewas eight, says its a beautiful place. She and I have discussed the possibility of（10 ）the town while my grandfather is still healthy（11） to make the trip. He is in（12） late seventies