2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题11（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（ ）.问题1选项A.bargainB.dealC.transactionD.negotiation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。drive a hard bargain“讨价还价” 。句意：一般来说，父亲是慷慨的，但是作为一个商人，他通常会讨价还价。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The students are all from（ ）countries, suc

2、h as Singapore, India, Korean and Japan.问题1选项A.developingB.orientalC.islandD.Christian【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。developing“发展中的”；oriental“东方的；东方人的”；island“岛的”；Christian“基督教的；信基督教的”。句意：这些学生都来自东方国家，比如新加坡、印度、韩国、还有日本。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The organization had broken no rules, but（ ） had it acted responsibly.问题1选项A.nei

3、therB.soC.eitherD.both【答案】A【解析】考查连词。本句式由连词but连接的并列句结构，前面是否定结构，后面应该与其一致，因此选项A符合题意。4. 单选题The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to

4、 separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by th

5、e organism and vice versa. In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on th

6、e organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But ma

7、n, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at

8、another moment, as a part of the environment.1.Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of “environment” as the author sees it?2.According to the author the concept of “environment” is difficult to explain because（ ）.3.In analyzing the environmental forces acting on m

9、an the author suggests that（ ）.4.As for culture, the author points out that（ ）.5.In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.Elaborate.B.PrejudicedC.Faultless.D.Oversimplified.问题2选项A.it doesnt distinguish between the organism and the environmentB.it involves both internal and e

10、xternal forcesC.the organism and the environment influence each otherD.the relationship between the organism and environment is unclear问题3选项A.biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to manB.man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forcesC.ma

11、n is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environmentD.physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organism than on man问题4选项A.it develops side by side with environmental factorsB.it is also affected by environmentC.it is generally accepted to be part of th

12、e environmentD.it is a product of mans biological instincts问题5选项A.the interpretation of the term “environment”B.the discussion of the organism and biological environmentC.the comparison between internal and external factors influencing manD.the evaluation of mans influence on culture【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3

13、题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个选项最能描述作者对环境这个词的描述？”文章第二句话提到“区分有机体和周围环境，以及将作用于有机体的力分为内部的、生物的、外部的和环境的看起来很容易”（It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and thos

14、e that are external and environmental），所以可以看出来作者认为把对环境的描述过于简单化，选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为环境这个概念很难被解释是因为什么？”文章第三句提到“但是在实际中，这个体系在很多方面上都不成立，因为有机体和环境不断在相互作用，因此环境被有机体改变，反过来也如此”（But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacti

15、ng so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa），选项C“有机体与环境相互影响”符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。题目问的是“关于环境因素作用在人类身上的分析，作者有什么建议？”文章倒数第二句话提到“但是人类一直是文化的拥有者；如果研究人类文化，我们会发现，反过来，它被气候和地理位置等环境因素改变着”（But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it,

16、in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography），因此，选项C “人类被文化环境和自然环境改变”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“关于文化，作者指出了什么？”文章倒数第二句话提到“但是人类一直是文化的拥有者；如果研究人类文化，我们会发现，反过来，它被气候和地理位置等环境因素改变着”（But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it,

17、 in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography），由此可知，文化也是受环境因素影响的，因此选项B“它也受环境的影响”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“作者主要阐述了什么问题？”文章第一句话提到“虽然环境这个概念很难理解，甚至可能被误解，但是我们没有别的替代物”（The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitut

18、e），之后都是围绕这个话题展开，由此可知文章主要阐述的就是对“环境”这个术语的解释。选项A“对“环境”的解释”符合题意。5. 单选题I didnt ignore her（ ）.I just didnt recognize her.问题1选项A.attentivelyB.intensivelyC.intentionallyD.intensely【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。attentively “注意地；聚精会神地”；intensively “强烈地；集中地”；intentionally “故意地；有意地”；intensely “强烈地；紧张地；热情地”。句意：我不是有意忽视她，只是没认

19、出她。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题MR BROWN Tall, attractive man, single, aged 30. Outdoor type, sports-loving. Plays football, tennis and squash. Enjoys swimming and skiing. Beer drinker. PE instructor at boys school.MR GREEN Unemployed, unmarried, undernourished English Lit. graduate, aged 23. Indoor type, plays Du

20、ngeons and Dragons and any other role-playing adventure games. Enjoys rock and jazz records and sci-fi films and books. Lives in London.MR BLACK Mature man of 50, recently widowed with one son of 15. Own business and home. Enjoys bridge, French food and good claret. Very sociable, likes entertaining

21、 and travel. City dwellerMR WHITE Quiet, shy, peace-loving man, aged 35. Divorced, non-smoker. Ecologist, lives and works in the country. Enjoys chess, walking and reading. Likes eighteenth-century classical music and dry white wine. Dislikes noise and energetic sports.1.Which one would most probabl

22、y appeal to a young woman of 25 who doesnt like living in town and who enjoys playing sports?2.Mr. Black is most likely to be attracted to （）.3.Which of these women students would probably find Mr. Green interesting?4.Which one would most probably appeal to a woman of 30 who used to be a volleyball

23、player and now is a referee of the game?5.What kind of publication might these people advertise in?问题1选项A.Mr. Brown.B.Mr. Black.C.Mr. Green.D.Mr. White.问题2选项A.an attractive widow who is very shyB.a fun-loving, intelligent womanC.a pretty woman who hates travellingD.a businesswoman who is a strict ve

24、getarian问题3选项A.A law student who it very logical and practical.B.A dreamy, romantic music student who dislikes pop music.C.An energetic, sociology student, interested in politics.D.An amusing, carefree art student who is fun-loving.问题4选项A.Mr. Brown.B.Mr. Black.C.Mr. Green.D.Mr. White.问题5选项A.A qualit

25、y daily newspaper.B.A business magazine.C.A popular weekly magazine.D.A trade journal.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章对MR BROWN的介绍：三十岁，单身，又高又有魅力，性格外向，爱好运动。这些都符合25岁女性的选择，因此选项A符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。文章对MR BLACK的介绍是这样的：50岁，丧妻，有一个15岁的儿子；有自己的公司和家，喜欢桥牌、法国食物和红酒；善于交际，喜欢娱乐和旅行；城市居民。可以推测出“聪明有趣的女人”会吸引他的注

26、意。选项B符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。文章对MR GREEN的介绍是这样的：没有工作，没有结婚，英国文学素养不高的23岁毕业生；性格内向，喜欢玩“龙与地下城”及其他冒险类游戏；喜欢摇滚和爵士唱片，科幻电影和书籍；居住在伦敦。由此可知和他具有相同爱好的女学生会对他比较感兴趣，因此选项D“有趣，无忧无虑，喜欢有趣的东西的艺术生”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章对MR BROWN的介绍中提到他是“男子学校的体育教练”（PE instructor at boys school），与题干中的“a volleyball player”以及“a referee of the game”很匹配，因此选项A

27、符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章是一篇征婚交友启事，因此刊登在“流星周刊”合适，选项C符合题意。7. 单选题She was delirious last night, but she seems quite lucid this morning.问题1选项A.rationalB.peacefulC.patientD.insane【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她昨天晚上神志不清，但是今天早上看起来十分。rational “理智的；清醒的”；peaceful “安静的，平静的”；patient “有耐心的”；insane “精神失常的”。根据“but”这个转折连词可知后半句与前半句

28、的意思是相反的，所以划线单词lucid的意思是“清醒的”，选项A符合题意。8. 单选题“Do you want to see my drivers license or my passport?”“Oh, （ ）.问题1选项A.either does wellB.either one will doC.each one is goodD.each will be fine【答案】B【解析】考查时态。Either表示“两者中的任何一个”，each表示“两者中的每一个”。因此根据题干可知应该用either,时态应是将来时，所以选项B符合题意。9. 翻译题Translate the followin

29、g passage into Chinese.Singles Day was begun by Chinese college students in the 1990s as a version of Valentines Day for people without romantic partners. The timing was based on the date: Nov. 11, or “11.11” four singles. Unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to woo

30、 that special someone and end their single status.That gift-giving helped to turn it into a major shopping event as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs to cars saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is Chinas answer to Cyber Monday in the United Statesthe day after Than

31、ksgiving weekend, when online Christmas shopping beings and merchants have their busiest sales day.【答案】光棍节源于上世纪90年代的中国大学生中，对于没有浪漫伴侣的人来说，这是另一个情人节。时间是11月11日或者11114个单身。单身的年轻人彼此之间聚餐或者送礼物给那个特别的人来结束他们的单身状态。送礼物把光棍节变成了一个重要的购物活动，从珠宝到电视到汽车等的销售商们都从中看到了商机，并推出了光棍节销售活动。光棍节相当于美国的“网络星期一”，即感恩节周末后的一天，网上圣诞节购物开始，商人们开始了

32、他们繁忙的销售日。10. 单选题What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a （ ）, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable.问题1选项A.fashionB.necessityC.proclivityD.nuisance【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fashion “时尚；时装；样式”；necessity “需要；必需品”；proclivity “倾向；癖性”；nuisance “讨厌的人；损害”。句意：我们曾经认为的奢侈品频繁地

33、成为了必需品，很多家庭发现拥有两辆车是很有必要的。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题He（ ）his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.问题1选项A.disposeB.dispensedC.dispatchedD.dispersed【答案】C【解析】考查动词此词义辨析。dispose “处理；安排”；dispense “分发；分发；免除；执行”; dispatch “派遣；发送；分派”；disperse “分散；使散开；传播”。句意：他派助手去办公室取方案。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Johnsons business survived

34、 on a（ ）relationship with only a few customers.问题1选项A.tentativeB.salientC.lucrativeD.insubstantial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。tentative “试探性的；暂定的 ；salient “显著的； 突出的”；lucrative “有利可图的；有利的”；insubstantial “脆弱的；非真实的”。句意：约翰逊的生意靠与仅有的几个顾客的有利可图的关系维持着。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题The first navigational lights in the New World were

35、 probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by “light dues” levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there were only a do

36、zen or so true lighthouses in the colony. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses.The first light erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and else

37、where, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with

38、iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in t

39、he country.Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a keeper and, usually the keepers family. The keepers essential task

40、 was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life - they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of

41、 lighthouses was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.1.What is the best title for the passage?2.Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?3.It can be inferred from the pas

42、sage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because（ ）.4.According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found?5.In the second sentence of paragraph 3, which of the following does the word “They” refer to?问题1选项A.The Lighthouse on Little Br

43、ewster IslandB.The Life of a Lighthouse KeeperC.Early Lighthouses in the United StatesD.The Modern Profession of Lighthouse-Keeping问题2选项A.It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.B.Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there.C.The first lantern wicks were developed there.D.

44、The first lighthouse in North America was built there.问题3选项A.ship there had high mastsB.coastal waters were safeC.the coast was straight and unobstructedD.the lighthouse were built on high places问题4选项A.Little Brewster IslandB.The Florida KeysC.Cape HatterasD.Cape Cod问题5选项A.LighthousesB.DifferencesC.

45、QuartersD.Feature【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“以下哪个最适合做文章的标题？”。文章主要介绍了新世界早期的灯塔建设、特点还有发展，所以选项C“美国早期的灯塔”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么作者要提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一个灯塔是马萨诸塞湾殖民地1716年在波士顿港湾的入口小布鲁斯特岛建造的”（The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island

46、 at the entrance to Boston Harbor），由此可知，选项D“北美第一个灯塔是在那里建立的”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可知东北部的灯塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于东北部的大多数灯塔都是修建在岩石高地上，所以那里一般没有很大的高塔”（Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule），因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知美国最高的用砖头修建的灯塔在哪

47、里？”文章第二段提到“在那里需要修建高的灯塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡罗莱纳州哈特拉斯角处的宏伟灯塔那样的大型建筑。高190英尺，是这个国家最高的用砖头修建的灯塔”（It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country

48、），因此选项C符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段第二句话中的they指什么？”文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管在外表和结构上大部分美国灯塔有几个共同特征：有灯、生活住所和一个钟表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn)）；第三段第二句话提到“它们还有

49、别的共同点”（they also had something else in common），从这里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute（ ）to the Revolution of Paris Commune in 1873.问题1选项A.testimonyB.memoryC.tributeD.evidence【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。testimony “证词；证据”; memory“记忆；内存”；tribute “致敬；悼

50、念”；evidence “证据；证明”。句意：130年后，这面墙仍然站在那里默默见证1873年的巴黎公社革命。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in translation. So it was necessary that he make the（ ）suggested.问题1选项A.alterationsB.alternativesC.alternationsD.altercations【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。alteration “修改；改变；变更”

51、；alternative “二中择一”；alternation “交替，轮流”；altercation “争吵，吵架”。句意：主编认为他的译文对原文做了些改动。所以他有必要针对这些建议进行修改。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题You will only be allowed to leave early in（ ）circumstances.问题1选项A.exceptionalB.coincidentalC.peculiarD.imperative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。exceptional “特殊的；例外的”；coincidental “巧合的”；peculiar “不寻常的；

52、特有的；古怪的”；imperative “紧急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊时刻才被允许提前离开。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular（ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “讨论会；座谈会”；penalty “惩罚，处罚”。句意：

53、在过去的十五年来，跑步已经成为了一种流行的消遣方式，不同年龄段共三千万人的参与。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from（ ）on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.问题1选项A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. configuration 布局；结构 B. constitution 构成C. c

54、ondemnation 谴责 D. contamination 污染【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】这里的rather than表示“而不是”的意思。句意为有机化学物来自而不是来自火星上的真菌。根据句子逻辑，应该是有机化学物来自地球上的污染。D“污染”符合逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】现在，科学杂志上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化学物质主要来自地球上的污染，而不是火星上的细菌。19. 单选题No one expected him to（ ）against his former employer.问题1选项A.declareB.testif

55、yC.certifyD.allege【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。declare “宣布；声明”；testify “作证；证明”；certify “证明；保证”；allege “宣称；断言”。句意：没人想到他会作对他前老板不利的证明。选项B符合题意。20. 单选题The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form one （ ）account.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.genuineC.expressiveD.coherent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词义辨析。sensitive “敏感的；感觉的”；genuine “真实的；真正的”；expressive “表现的；有表现力的”；coherent “连贯的；清晰的；一致的”。句意：这位警探将这些证据拼凑在一起形成一份连贯的报告。选项D符合题意。