2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）（34页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I would prefer to spend the weekend at home _.问题1选项A.rather than drive outB.than to drive outC.rather than drove outD.to driving out【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do rather than do“宁可做而不做”，A选项rather than drive out符合题意。其余选项用法错误。句意：我宁愿在家度周末也不愿开车出去。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题_ we kn

2、ow, there are 107 elements found in nature.问题1选项A.As long asB.Just asC.So far asD.For all【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项As long as“只要”；B选项Just as“正像”；C选项So far as，So far as we know“据我们所知”；D选项For all“对于所有”。句意：_，自然界中有107种元素。根据语境，这里C选项So far as比较符合语境，意思指就我们所知道的而言，符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Conflict had existed between Spa

3、in and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas. Elizabeth, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a sma

4、ll scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supremacy. Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip of Spain wanted to claim

5、 the throne and make England a Catholic country again.To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against Englands theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Spanish Armada, in January 1586. Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to bui

6、lding new warships, he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Amada could withstand any battle with England.The martial Armada set

7、sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable. The Spanish feet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable. English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and ag

8、ain on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked o

9、n one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8.Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada

10、 drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.1.

11、Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spains _.2. King Philip recruited many _ soldiers and sailors.3. The _ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.4. The two battles left the Spanish fleet _.5. The Armada was _ on one side.问题1选项A.unlimited powerB.unrestricted growthC.territoryD.trea

12、ties问题2选项A.warlikeB.strongC.accomplishedD.timid问题3选项A.completeB.warlikeC.independentD.isolated问题4选项A.open to changeB.triumphantC.open to attackD.defeated问题5选项A.closed offB.damagedC.aloneD.circled【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved

13、 dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supremacy.（虽然这些突袭的规模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，为英格兰国库增加了黄金和白银，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思为“至高无上；最大权力；最高地位”，所以A选项“无限力量”正确。B选项“无限制的增长”，C选项“领土”和D选项“条约”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types

14、 and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors.（他指挥了130艘各类帆船，招募了19,000多名强壮的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思为“强壮的；强劲的”，在这里B选项“强壮的”正确。A选项“好战的；军事的”，C选项“技艺高超的”和D选项“胆小的”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that

15、his Amada could withstand any battle with England.（尽管他的一些船只缺少枪支和弹药，但菲利普坚信他的无敌舰队可以抵抗任何与英国的战争。），可知这支舰队是用于军事的，所以B选项“军事的”正确。A选项“完整的”，C选项“独立的”和D选项“孤立的”：根据第三段第一句The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port.（1588年5月9日，“无敌舰队”从葡萄牙里斯本起航，但恶劣的天气迫使它返回港

16、口。），这里没有提到是否是整支舰队参与行动，并且这些参与行动的船只一起行动，并没有独立和孤立，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted.（这两场战役使西班牙变得脆弱不堪，损失了几艘战舰，也耗尽了弹药。），vulnerable意思为“易受攻击的”，所以C选项“易受攻击”正确，A选项“接受改变”，B选项“大获全胜”和D选项“战败”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二

17、句Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一边，船员们只能在恐慌和混乱中漂流。），Blocked意思为“封锁”，所以A选项“封锁”正确。B选项“破坏”，C选项“单独的”和D选项“包围的”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 翻译题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well unde

18、r certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be provided or withheld by management. Employment itself is such a means and so are wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he

19、is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsistence level and is motivated primarily by higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs fo

20、r self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself, or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management

21、 finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quite adequately for the satisfaction of physiological and safely needs. The only significant exception is where management practices have not created confidence in a “fair break” and

22、thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has deprived itself of the ability to use as motivators the devices on which conventional theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incentives, or threats and other coercive devices.4

23、. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motivate because the human needs on which this approach relies are today unimportant motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essentially useless in motivating people whose impo

24、rtant needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant to the situation. 5. People, deprived of opportunities to satisfy at work the needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as we right predict with indolence, passivity, re

25、sistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benefits. It would seem that we are caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。2. 【参

26、考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。4. 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。5. 单选题Some

27、pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel

28、 in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its p

29、ower source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is

30、similar to those powering subway trains electrically.Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instr

31、uctions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that a

32、n automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _.2. What is the authors main concern?3. What provides autos with electric pow

33、er in an automated highway system?4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _.5. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?问题1选项A.its power sourceC. its monitoring systemB.C. its monitoring systemB.C.its monitoring systemB. its driving systemD.its seating capacit

34、y问题2选项A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer automobiles.C.How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D.How to develop an automated subway system.问题3选项A.rail.B.An engine.C.A retractable arm.D.A computer controller.问题4选项A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his

35、 destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his destination by phone问题5选项A.Enthusiastic.B.Pessimistic.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by th

36、e gasoline engine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和

37、B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.（一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就

38、有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句a retractable arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer that will warn him o

39、f his coming exit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲

40、观的观点，根据第六段最后一句It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎

41、”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Stress is a state of imbalance between demands made on us from outside sources and our capabilities to meet those demands. Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently with conflict. Stress, as you have seen, can be brought on by physical events, other peoples behavior, so

42、cial situations, our own behavior, feelings, thoughts, or anything that results in heightened bodily awareness. In many cases, when you experience pain, anger, fear, or depression, these emotions are a response to a stressful situation like conflict.Sometimes, in highly stressful conflict situations

43、, we must cope with the stress before we cope with the conflict. Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow us to become more logical and tolerant in resolving the conflict.People respond differently to conflict just as they respond differently to stress. Some peo

44、ple handle both better than others do. Individual differences are not as important as learning how to manage the stress we feel. The goal in stress management is self-control, particularly in the face of stressful events.Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relaxation. Sit in a comfortab

45、le position in a quiet place where there are no distractions. Close your eyes and pay no attention to the outside world. Concentrate only on your breathing. Slowly inhale and exhale. Now, with each exhaled breath say “relax” gently and passively. Make it a relaxing experience. If you use this method

46、 to help you in conflict situations over a period of time, the word “relax” will become associated with a sense of physical calm; saying it in a stressful situation will help induce a sense of peace.Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management. Managing stress successfu

47、lly requires flexibility in thinking. That is, you must consider alternative views. Your current view is causing the stress! You must also keep from attaching exaggerated importance to events.Everything seems life-threatening in a moment of panic; things dim in importance when viewed in retrospect.1

48、. The main point of this reading is that _.2. Controlling your thoughts always involves _.3. Human response to stress is _.4. The authors primary purpose in writing the selection is to _.5. Which of the following statements included in the selection most directly supports the writers view that stres

49、s is controllable?问题1选项A.Stress is an imbalance of internal and external demandsB.Controlling physical reactions and thoughts is an effective means of managing stressC.Relaxation is the key to successful stress managementD.Stress management requires a problem-solving approach问题2选项A.considering the s

50、ituation in alternative viewpointsB.visualizing yourself managing the stressfulC.relaxation techniques to eliminate physical symptomsD.a sense of being overwhelmed by the situation问题3选项A.universalB.variable according to sexC.unchangingD.individual问题4选项A.explain the relationship between stress and co

51、nflictB.instruct the reader how to control stressC.describe relaxation techniquesD.persuade the reader to reduce stress through breathing问题5选项A.Things dim in importance when viewed in retrospect.B.Stress is an imbalance between demands.C.People respond differently to conflict, just as they respond d

52、ifferently to stress.D.Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in thinking.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.观点态度题。文章第一二段对压力这个话题进行引入后，第三段最后一句The goal in stress management is self-control（压力管理的目标是自我控制）交代下文主要内容，第四段讲述Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relaxation.（可以控制压力的身体症状需要放

53、松。），第五段讲述Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management.（控制思想是压力管理的第二个主要因素），第六段对文章进行结尾，文章用了一半多的篇幅讲述如何管理压力，综上可知，本文的主要观点是B选项“控制身体的反应和思想是管理压力的有效方法”。A选项“压力是内在和外在需求的不平衡”：仅在第一段提到作为引入，没有贯穿全文，故错误。C选项“放松是成功管理压力的关键”：仅仅是主要观点的一个方面，故错误。D选项“压力管理需要一种解决问题的方法”：文章没有提到在解决问题的层面缓解压力，故错误。因此B选项

54、正确。2.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句That is, you must consider alternative views.（也就是说，你必须考虑不同的观点。），可知控制思想需要考虑不同观点，所以A选项“用不同的观点来考虑情况”正确。B选项“想象自己管理压力”文章没有提到，故错误。C选项“消除身体症状的放松技巧”：属于身体范畴，不是思想范畴，故错误。D选项“被形势压倒的感觉”：根据第五段最后一句You must also keep from attaching exaggerated importance to events.（你也必须避免夸大事件的重要性），表明要避免被形势压倒的感觉，故

55、错误。因此A选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句People respond differently to conflict just as they respond differently to stress.（人们对冲突的反应和对压力的反应是不同的。），可知人们对压力的反应因人而异，所以D选项“个人的”正确，A选项“普遍的”错误。B选项“根据性别变化”：文章没有提到男女在面对压力的不同。C选项“不变的”：文章主要内容讲如何调节压力，可知对压力的反应可以改变，故错误。因此D选项正确。4.作者意图题。根据第一段stress is a state of imbalance（压力是一种失衡的

56、状态）讲述压力是什么，通过Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently with conflict.（它通常伴随冲突出现，并出现在冲突之前。）讲述为什么产生压力，根据第二段Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow us to become more logical and tolerant in resolving the conflict.（减轻一些强烈的即时情绪反应将使我们在解决冲突时变得更有逻辑性和宽容）讲为什么要管理压力，在第三到第

57、五段讲怎样管理压力，综上分析，可知作者的主要目的是让读者认识压力和学习管理压力，所以B选项“指导读者如何控制压力”正确。A选项“解释压力和冲突之间的关系”：属于为什么产生压力，不全面，故错误。C选项“描述放松技巧”和D选项“说服读者通过呼吸来减轻压力”：属于怎样管理压力，不全面，故错误。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。A选项“回想起来，事情就不那么重要了”：事情重要与否和压力能否控制不是一回事，不能相提并论，故错误。B选项“压力是需求之间的不平衡”：这里点出为什么会有压力，却没有表示需求和控制压力的关系，故错误。C选项“人们对冲突的反应不同，就像他们对压力的反应不同一样”：只是点出压力因人而异

58、，没有提到能否控制，故错误。D选项“成功地管理压力需要思维上的灵活性”：这里点出了成功地管理压力，表示压力可以通过管理而得到控制，因此D选项正确。7. 翻译题一天中我最喜欢的是最后那段时刻至少是醒着的最后那段时刻。我再三努力不让眨动的眼皮合上，不让书本掉落在胸前，这时候我知道真的该入睡了。我深情地把书放在身边的床上。我们一起入睡我和我的书，我和书中的人物，我和交杂的梦境，都一起入睡。躺在床上看书似乎成了家传。上一次母亲帮我照看孩子时，我回到家里发现整幢房子一片漆黑，只有两处微弱的灯光。一处在我儿子的房间，我看到八岁的儿子拿着一本书，打着电筒躲在被窝里看书。房子的那头，母亲拿着书已经打起盹来。【

59、答案】One of my favorite moments of the day is among the lastthe last conscious one, anyway. After several attempts at keeping my eyelids from fluttering closed and the book from collapsing on to my chest, I know it really is time to go to sleep. I affectionately place the book on the bed beside me. We

60、 sleep together, me and my book, me and those characters, me and my mixed-up dreams. Reading in bed seems to run in families. The last time my mother babysat for me, got home to find the house dark except for two small lights. One came from my sons room, where I discovered the eight-year-old holed u

61、p under the covers with Goosebumps and a flashlight. At the other end of the house, my mother had already dozed off with her book.8. 单选题The African students _ snow before they come to Shijiazhuang.问题1选项A.have never before seenB.couldnt before seeC.would never before seeD.have not before seen【答案】A【解析

62、】考查现在完成时。句意：非洲学生来石家庄之前从未见过雪。根据谓语动词see的动作发生在以前、并且对现在有影响确定用现在完成时，A选项have never before seen符合题意。其余选项时态错误。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Many things _ impossible in the past are common today.问题1选项A.consideredB.to considerC.consideringD.being considered【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。句意：许多过去认为不可能的事情在今天很常见。句子的主干是many things are common（许多

63、事情很普遍），横线部分内容和impossible组合起来修饰many things，根据语境得知这里是指被认为不可能的许多事，属于被动语态，所以A选项considered符合题意，故正确。B选项to consider为不定式表示目的等，故错误。C选项considering表示主动语态，故错误。D选项being considered表示现在进行时的被动语态，故错误。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Clark felt that his _ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.问题1选项A.appreciationB.participationC.presentationD.apprehension【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appreciation“欣赏；理解；感激”；B选项participati