2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题19（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It is well known that knowledge is the _ condition for expansion of mind.问题1选项A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. incompatible 不兼容的，互斥的 B. incredible 不能相信的，难以置信的C. indefinite 期限不定的，不明确的 D. indispensable 不可或缺的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由e

2、xpansion of mind（开阔思路）可知，knowledge is the _ condition应该表示“知识是必不可少的条件”，因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项都不符合句意。【句意】众所周知，知识是开阔思路不可或缺的条件。2. 单选题Each summer, no matter how pressing my work schedule, I take off one day exclusively for my son. We call it dad-son day. This year our third stop was the amusement par

3、k, where he discovered that he was tall enough to ride one of the fastest roller coasters (过山车) in the world. We blasted through face-stretching turns and loops for ninety seconds. Then, as we stepped off the ride, he shrugged and, in a distressingly calm voice, remarked that it was not as exciting

4、as other rides hed been on. As I listened, I began to sense something seriously out of balance.Throughout the season, I noticed similar events all around me. Parents seemed hard pressed to find new thrills for indifferent kids. Surrounded by ever-greater stimulation, their young faces were looking d

5、isappointed and bored.Facing their childrens complaints of “nothing to do”, parents were shelling out large numbers of dollars for various forms of entertainment. In many cases the money seemed to do little more than buy transient relief from the terrible moans of their bored children. This set me p

6、ondering the obvious question: “How can it be so hard for kids to find something to do when theres never been such a range of stimulating entertainment available to them?”What really worries me is the intensity of the stimulation. watch my little daughters face as she absorbs the powerful onslaught(

7、冲击) of arousing visuals and bloody special effects in movies.Why do children immersed in this much excitement seem starved for more? That was, I realized, the point. I discovered during my own reckless adolescence that what creates excitement is not going fast, but going faster. Thrills have less to

8、 do with speed than changes in speed.Im concerned about the cumulative effect of years at these levels of feverish activity. It is no mystery to me why many teenagers appear apathetic(麻木的) and burned out, with a “been there, done that” air of indifference toward much of life. As increasing numbers o

9、f friends children are prescribed medicationsstimulants to deal with inattentiveness at school or anti-depressants to help with the loss of interest and joy in their livesI question the role of kids boredom in some of the diagnoses.My own work is focused on the chemical imbalances and biological fac

10、tors related to behavioral and emotional disorders. These are complex problems. Yet Ive been reflecting more and more on how the pace of life and the intensity of stimulation may be contributing to the rising rates of psychiatric problems among children and adolescents in our society.11. The author

11、felt surprised in the amusement park at the fact that_.12. According to the author, children are bored_.13. From his own experience, the author came to the conclusion that children seem to expect_.14. In Paragraph 6, the author expresses his doubt about the effectiveness of trying to change children

12、s indifference toward much of life by_.15. In order to alleviate childrens boredom, the author would probably suggest_.问题1选项A.his son was not as thrilled by the roller coasters ride as expectedB.his son blasted through the turns and loops with his face stretchedC.his son appeared distressed but calm

13、 while riding the roller coastersD.his son could keep his balance so well on the fast moving roller coasters问题2选项A.unless their parents can find new thrills for themB.when they dont have any access to stimulating fun gamesC.when they are left alone at weekends by their working parentsD.even if they

14、are exposed to more and more kinds of entertainment问题3选项A.a much wider variety of sports facilitiesB.activities that require sophisticated skillsC.ever-changing thrilling forms of recreationD.physical exercises that are more challenging问题4选项A.diverting their interest from electronic visual gamesB.pr

15、escribing medications for their temporary reliefC.creating more stimulating activities for themD.spending more money on their entertainment问题5选项A.adjusting the pace of life and intensity of stimulationB.promoting the practice of dad-son daysC.consulting a specialist in child psychologyD.balancing sc

16、hool work with extracurricular activities【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】11. 【选项释义】11. The author felt surprised in the amusement park at the fact that_. 11. 在游乐园里，作者感到惊讶是因为_。A. his son was not as thrilled by the roller coasters ride as expected A. 他的儿子并没有像预期的那样对坐过山车感到兴奋B. his son blasted through t

17、he turns and loops with his face stretched B. 他的儿子拉长了脸，飞快地转着圈C. his son appeared distressed but calm while riding the roller coasters C. 他的儿子在坐过山车时看起来很痛苦，但很平静D. his son could keep his balance so well on the fast moving roller coasters D. 他的儿子能在快速移动的过山车上保持平衡【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第一段第五句“然后，当我们

18、下了车，他耸了耸肩，用一种令人沮丧的平静的声音说，这趟车不像他以前坐过的其他车那么刺激（as exciting as）”。第二步，寻找上下文线索，从关键词asas 可知“儿子”本来对过山车有期待的，但是坐完之后有点失望，因为感到惊讶，所以作者思考了这件事，因此答案选A选项“他的儿子并没有像预期的那样对坐过山车感到兴奋”。【干扰项排除】B选项“他的儿子拉长了脸，飞快地转着圈”定位到“我们在90秒的时间里不停地扭着脸”，这里虽然和B选项一致，但是这是事实，作者不会为此感到惊讶的；C选项“他的儿子在坐过山车时看起来很痛苦，但很平静”，见B选项，C选项不是儿子坐过山车的反应；D选项“他的儿子能在快速移

19、动的过山车上保持平衡”，见B选项，D选项不是儿子坐过山车的反应。12 【选项释义】12. According to the author, children are bored_. 12. 根据作者的说法，孩子们很无聊_。A. unless their parents can find new thrills for them A. 除非他们的父母能为他们找到新的刺激B. when they dont have any access to stimulating fun games B. 当他们没有机会玩刺激有趣的游戏时C. when they are left alone at weeken

20、ds by their working parents C. 当他们在周末被工作的父母单独留下的时候D. even if they are exposed to more and more kinds of entertainment D. 即使他们接触到越来越多的娱乐节目【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第三段第三句话“这让我思考一个显而易见的问题：“在从来没有如此多的刺激娱乐活动可供他们选择的情况下，孩子们怎么能这么难（hard）找到事情做呢?”，第二步，综合理解，作者认为很奇怪，因为即使有这么多刺激的东西，孩子还是觉得无聊，所以答案选D选项“即使他们接触到越来越

21、多的娱乐节目”。【干扰项排除】A选项“除非他们的父母能为他们找到新的刺激”，定位到文章第三段第二句话“在许多情况下，这些钱似乎只是暂时缓解（relief）了孩子们无聊的可怕呻吟”，由此可知即使父母给他们寻找刺激，孩子还是无聊，这里属于反向干扰。B选项“当他们没有机会玩刺激有趣的游戏时”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。C选项“当他们在周末被工作的父母单独留下的时候”，文章没有提及周末孩子被父母单独留下，这里属于无中生有。13 【选项释义】13. From his own experience, the author came to the conclusion that children s

22、eem to expect_. 13. 作者从自己的经历中得出结论，孩子们似乎期待_。A. a much wider variety of sports facilities A. 更多种类的运动设施B. activities that require sophisticated skills B. 需要复杂技能的活动C. ever-changing thrilling forms of recreation C. 不断变化的令人兴奋的娱乐形式D. physical exercises that are more challenging D. 更具挑战性的体育锻炼【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路

23、】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第五段“我在自己鲁莽的青春期发现，创造兴奋的不是快速，而是变得更快（faster）”。第二步，综合理解，从这里孩子们期待兴奋，而兴奋的来源是更快的速度，由此可知答案选C选项“不断变化的令人兴奋的娱乐形式”。【干扰项排除】A选项“更多种类的运动设施”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“需要复杂技能的活动”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“更具挑战性的体育锻炼”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。14. 【选项释义】14. In Paragraph 6, the author expresses his doubt about the effectiveness of

24、 trying to change childrens indifference toward much of life by_. 14. 在第6段中，作者表达了他对通过_试图改变孩子们对生活冷漠态度的有效性的怀疑。A. diverting their interest from electronic visual games A. 转移他们对电子视觉游戏的兴趣B. prescribing medications for their temporary relief B. 为他们的暂时缓解开药物C. creating more stimulating activities for them C

25、. 为他们创造更多刺激的活动D. spending more money on their entertainment D. 花更多的钱在他们的娱乐上【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，第六段最后一句“随着越来越多朋友的孩子被开了药物治疗用兴奋剂来治疗在学校的注意力不集中，用抗抑郁药来帮助他们在生活中失去兴趣和快乐我质疑（question）孩子的无聊在某些诊断中的作用。”，第二步，综合理解，由此可知现在孩子们治疗无聊的方法是吃药，但是作者对这种做法提出了质疑，所以答案选B选项“为他们的暂时缓解开药物”。【干扰项排除】A选项“转移他们对电子视觉游戏的兴趣”，文章没有提及这种解决无聊

26、的方法，这里属于无中生有；C选项“为他们创造更多刺激的活动”，定位到文章第三段第三句话“这让我思考一个显而易见的问题：“在从来没有如此多的刺激娱乐活动可供他们选择的情况下，孩子们怎么能这么难（hard）找到事情做呢?”，由此可知作者已经明说刺激活动解决不了孩子的无聊，这里的态度不是质疑的态度，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“花更多的钱在他们的娱乐上”，定位到文章第三段第二句话“在许多情况下，这些钱似乎只是暂时缓解（relief）了孩子们无聊的可怕呻吟”，由此可知这是父母现在的做法，作者是持否定态度的，作者很肯定地说这种做法是没有用的，不是质疑态度，所以D选项属于偷换概念。15. 【选项释义】15.

27、In order to alleviate childrens boredom, the author would probably suggest_. 15. 为了减轻孩子们的无聊感，作者可能会建议_。A. adjusting the pace of life and intensity of stimulation A. 调整生活节奏和刺激强度B. promoting the practice of dad-son days B. 提倡父子日的做法C. consulting a specialist in child psychology C. 咨询儿童心理学专家D. balancing

28、school work with extracurricular activities D. 平衡学校工作和课外活动【考查点】判断推理题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句话“然而，我一直在越来越多地思考，生活的节奏和刺激的强度可能是导致（may be contributing to）我们社会中儿童和青少年精神问题发病率上升的原因”，作者推测出儿童感觉到无聊的原因，既然找出了原因那么作者最可能会根据这个原因来提出建议，所以答案选A选项“调整生活节奏和刺激强度”。【干扰项排除】B选项“提倡父子日的做法”，这是作者和自己的儿子之间的做法，只是文章没有说父子日的好处，如果作者想推

29、行这个做法的话应该把好处一一列出来，所以这里属于推理过度；C选项“咨询儿童心理学专家”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“平衡学校工作和课外活动”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。3. 单选题I cant find my gloves. I must have _ them on the bus when I came home from school.问题1选项A.leftB.lostC.forgottenD.missed【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. left 离开，遗留 B. lost 失去C. forgotten 忘记 D. missed 错过【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由前面句

30、子的意思“我找不到手套了”，可知I must have _ them on the bus表示的是“我把它们落在公交车上了”，left符合句意。因此，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】C、D选项不符合句意；B选项是指不知道忘在了哪里，排除。【句意】我找不到手套了。我一定是放学回家时把它们落在公共汽车上了。4. 翻译题I. (本题3段，每段10分) After we see an object several times, we begin to recognize it. The object is in front of us and we know about it, but we do not

31、 see ithence, we cannot say anything significant about it. Art removes objects from the automatism of perception in several ways. Here I want to illustrate a way used repeatedly by Leo Tolstoy, that writer who, for Merezhkovsky at least, seems to present things as if he himself saw them, and saw the

32、m in their entirety, and did not alter them. Victor Shklovsky, Art as Technique May we really attempt to compare the imaginative writer with the “dreamer in broad daylight,” and his creations with daydreams? One feature above all cannot fail to strike us about the creations of these story-writers: e

33、ach of them has a hero who is the center of interest, for whom the writer tries to win our sympathy by every possible means and whom he seems to place under the protection of a special providence. The feeling of security with which I follow the hero through his perilous adventures is the same as the

34、 feeling with which a hero in real life throws himself into the water to save a drowning man or exposes himself to the enemys fire in order to storm a battery. It is the true heroic feeling, which one of our best writers has expressed in an inimitable phrase: “Nothing can happen to me!” It seems to

35、me, however, that through this revealing characteristic of invulnerability we can immediately recognize His Majesty the Ego, the hero alike of every daydream and of every story.Sigmund Freud, Creative Writers and DaydreamingI call the combination of a concept and a sound-image a sign, but in current

36、 usage the term generally designates only a sound-image, a word, for example (arbor, etc.) One tends to forget that arbor is called a sign only because it carries the concept “tree,” with the result that the idea of the sensory part implies the idea of the whole.Ambiguity would disappear if the thre

37、e notions involved here were designated by three names, each suggesting and opposing the others. I propose to retain the word sign to designate the whole and to replace concept and sound-image respectively by signified and signifier; the last two terms have the advantage of indicating the opposition

38、 that separates them from each other and from the whole of which they are parts.Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics【答案】当我们多次看到一个物体后，我们就开始辨别出它。物体就在我们面前，我们知道它，但我们看不到它。因此，我们不能说任何关于这个物体的有意义的事情。艺术通过几种方式将物体从无意识行为的感知中移除。在这里，我想说明列夫托尔斯泰反复使用的一种方法，至少在梅雷日科夫斯基看来，这位作家呈现事物的方式，就好像他自己看到了它们本身，看到了它们的全

39、部，但没有改变它们。维克多什克洛夫斯基，艺术即技巧5. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet. (10%)Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolut

40、ion has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years than in the entire previous history of science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relati

41、onship to the earth that nuclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenancemaking the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as t

42、he consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.【答案】和人口爆炸一样，科技革命在十八世纪开始慢慢加速。之后这场正在进行的革命也突然呈指数地加速。例如，在过去十年中发生的重大新发现比以往整个科学史上的发现都要多，这已成为许多科学领域的一个公理。虽然没有任何一项发现产生了像核武器对我们与战争的关系所产生的影响一样，对我们与地球的关系产生了如此大的影响，但总的来说，它们完全改变了我们为维持生存而不断积累的开采地球的能力，这使得无节制开采的后果与无节制的核战争的后果一样难以想象。6. 单选题Mary has just bought herself _ dres

43、s.问题1选项A.an expensive blue cottonB.a cotton blue expensiveC.a blue expensive cottonD.a cotton expensive blue【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. an expensive blue cotton 一条昂贵的蓝色的棉质的 B. a cotton blue expensive 一条棉质的蓝色的昂贵的C. a blue expensive cotton 一条蓝色的昂贵的棉质的 D. a cotton expensive blue 一条棉质的昂贵的蓝色的【考查点】形容词排序。【解题思路】英语中当名

44、词前有多个形容词做定语时，这些形容词通常遵循一定的排序规则：限定词（冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词等）+表示观点的描述性形容词+形状、大小、长短、高低+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、地区+物质材料+中心词；所以这里的空格应该填an expensive blue cotton，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都不符合形容词排序规则。【句意】玛丽刚给自己买了一件昂贵的蓝色棉质裙子。7. 填空题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, on

45、e in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding bland. If you add a word, put on insertion mark () in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a wor

46、d, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the blank. (10%)Example:When art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe twins occur about o

47、nce in eighty-seven human births.A little more than one quarter of these is identical twins, 36. _which develops from the equal division of a fertilized egg. 37. _Identical twins are always the same sex and have the sameblood group and eye color. If one has a gift of music, it is 38. _not surprising

48、 if other does too. However, if one is left-handed, 39. _the other may be right-handed. If the hair of one growsclockwise from the crown, the others hair may growcounterclockwise. Fraternal twins develop from two separateeggs that were fertilized at the same time. They can be of 40. _different sexes

49、 and often look no much alike than other 41. _members of the same family. The more babies per birth,the less frequently such births occur. Triplets occur aboutone in 7569 births, but sextupletsmultiple births of five 42. _occur one in about five million births. Multiple birthsare common among low an

50、imals, but identical offspring 43. _is rare, except for one species of armadillo. The female 44. _armadillo always gives birth up to quadruplets. 45. _【答案】36.is are37.develops develop38.of for39. other the40.were are41.much more42.five six43.low lower44.is are45.up 【解析】36.由主语one quarter of these（四分之

51、一的双胞胎）可知，此处是分数引导的短语做主语，其谓语动词的数需要根据分数后面的名词来决定，此处的these是复数，因此be动词要用复数are，故改is为are正确。37.定语从句中的关系代词which指的是identical twins（同卵双胞胎），所以从句中的动词要用复数形式，故改develops为develop正确。38.gift表示“天赋”，一般与for搭配，故把of改为for正确。39.这一句是说“如果双胞胎的其中一个有音乐天赋，那么另外一个有音乐天赋并不奇怪”，表示两者中的其中一个要用the other，表示特指；other单独使用表示“其他的”，为形容词。故在other前面添加定

52、冠词the正确。40.这一句的意思是“异卵双胞胎是由两个受精卵同时发育而成的”，为客观陈述，应该用一般现在时，所以that定语从句中的were要改为are。41.由than可知，no more than为固定用法，表示“不比更”，故改much为more正确。42.破折号的内容是解释sextuplets（六胞胎）一词，而破折号说的是multiple births of five（5个胎儿的多胞胎），这明显与sextuplets不符，故改five为six正确。43.这一句是说“多胞胎在低等生物中很常见”，而low表示“低的”，低级生物要用lower animal表示，所以改low为lower正确。

53、44.offspring是复数名词，be动词应该用are，故改is为are正确。45.表示“生产”应该是give birth to，这里的up是多余的，所以把up去掉正确。8. 单选题Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants

54、 give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.Handsome male executives were percei

55、ved as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women execu

56、tives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.Why are at

57、tractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appea

58、rs to lack the “masculine” qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate stu

59、dents to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males utterl

60、y defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.1. The word “liability” (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means “_”.2. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness _.3. Bowmans experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attrac

61、tiveness _.4. It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often _.5. The author writes this passage to _.问题1选项A.misfortuneB.instabilityC.disadvantageD.burden问题2选项A.reinforces the feminine qualities requiredB.makes women look more honest and capableC.is of primary importance

62、to womenD.often enables women to succeed quickly问题3选项A.turns out to be an obstacle to menB.affects men and women alikeC.has as little effect on men as on womenD.is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women问题4选项A.practicalB.prejudicedC.old-fashionedD.radical问题5选项A.discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB.give advice to job-seekers w