2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题80（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成宝贵的自然资源。诚然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。如果天不下雨，农民会抱怨，但在有可靠供水系统的城区，很少有人感到缺水。我们想当然地以为水与空气一样不值钱，到处都有。然而，部分因为人口增加，部分因为可怕的浪费，在当今世界许多地方，供水已成为一大挑战。这是一个不可忽视的严重问题。如果不降低需求，减少浪费，人类在不久的将来就会面临灾难。【答案】In addition to the dry period, people have never regarded water as a valuable

2、natural resource. It is true that water is not a rare thing in the world. If it does not rain, the farmers will complain, but in the city with reliable water supply system, few people feel water shortage. We take it for granted that water is no more valuable than air. However, in part because of the

3、 increase in population, partly because of the terrible waste, water supply has become a big challenge in many parts of the world. This is a serious problem that cant be ignored. If we do not reduce blood cells, reduce waste, mankind will face disaster in the near future.2. 单选题Government reports, ex

4、amination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations _ formal language is used.问题1选项A.in whichB.on whichC.in thatD.at what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。formal language is used是用来修饰situations的定语从句，并且是一个完整的句子，可知横线上的部分充当关系副词，根据短语in the situation可知横线部分表示地点，所以答案选A选项in which，B选项on w

5、hich错误。in what用法错误，故C选项in what错误。at what用法错误，D选项at what错误。句意：政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数商务信函是使用正式语言的主要情况。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. H

6、is initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of

7、the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the region that he named “Virginia”. Under Raleighs direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587.The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second gr

8、oup of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the fo

9、llowing would be the most appropriate title for the passage?2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true?4. Which

10、of the following can be inferred from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?问题1选项A.The Regulation of Trading Companies.B.British-Spanish Rivalry in the New World.C

11、.Early Attempts at Colonizing North America.D.Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century.问题2选项A.They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.B.They were members of large trading companies.C.They were immediately successful.D.They were acting on their own.问题3选项A.He never settled in North America.B.H

12、is trading company was given a patent by the queen.C.He fought the Spanish twice.D.He died in 1587.问题4选项A.They explored the entire coastal region.B.Some did not survive.C.They named the area “Virginia”.D.Most were not experienced sailors.问题5选项A.Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.B.It l

13、asted for several years.C.The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.D.It was conquered by the Spanish.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。整个文章从吉尔伯特第一次尝试殖民北美到最后英国成功殖民北美的过程，所以C选项“殖民北美的早期尝试”正确。A选项“贸易公司的管理”和B选项“英国和西班牙在新世界的竞争”不是表达的重点。D选项“皇家专利颁发于16世纪”错误，这个是伊丽莎白女王允许吉尔伯特到北美的专利。因此C选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第一句The fir

14、st English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies.（英国第一次殖民北美的尝试是由个人而不是公司控制的。），可知他们自己决定怎样行动，D选项“他们自主行动”正确。A选项“伊丽莎白女王要求他们这样做”：根据第三句His initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth（他的第一次远征是在1578年，并获得了伊丽莎白女王授予的专利权），可知不

15、是伊丽莎白女王要求的，故错误。B选项“他们是大型贸易公司的成员”文中没有提到。C选项“他们很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分别进行了两次尝试，都失败了，可知进展不顺利，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第三句His initial expeditionwas defeated by the Spanish.（他的第一次远征被西班牙击退。），和第四句A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm.（第二次尝试于1583年以灾难告终，当时吉尔伯特和

16、他的船在一场风暴中丧生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交战，而非两次，吉尔伯特死于1583年，故C选项“他和西班牙人打了两次仗”和D选项“他死于1587年”错误；吉尔伯特两次以失败告终，没有到达北美，A选项“他从未在北美定居”符合题意。B选项“他的贸易公司被女王授予了专利权”：根据第五句In the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特罗利爵士获得了专利的续期。），可知是个人而非公司得到专利权，故错误。因此A

17、选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国），可知B选项“一些人没有存活下来”正确。A选项“他们探索了整个沿海地区”和C选项“他们把这个地区命名为弗吉尼亚”：根据文章第五句In the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleighsponsored an expedition that explored the coas

18、t of the region that he named “Virginia”.（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特罗利爵士赞助了一次探险，探索他称之为“弗吉尼亚”的地区的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亚是沃特罗利叫的，而不是大家这么叫，也没有探索整个沿海地区。不符合文章内容。和D选项“大多数人都没有经验”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。5.语义推测题。根据文章倒数第三句The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disapp

19、eared without leaving a trace.（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国，但第二批殖民者消失得无影无踪。），可知第一批殖民者回到英国，第二批殖民者不知道具体情况，C选项“在那里的居民命运未知”正确，A选项“在那里的定居者都放弃了，回到了英国”错误。B选项“持续了好几年”和D选项“被西班牙人征服”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately a

20、dopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special- purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-

21、purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the tri

22、p or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. On

23、e method would use a special onramp.As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passe

24、d such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular veh

25、icles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all tres

26、passers could be swiftly identified by authorities.)Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging without the usual uncertainties and potential for ac

27、cidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.1. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways （ ）.2. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that （ ）.3.

28、Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?4. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special purpose lane （ ）.5. When driving in an automated lane. The driver （ ）.问题1选项A.are being plannedB.are being modifiedC.are now in wide useD.are under construction问题2选项A.it wou

29、ld require only minor changes to existing highwaysB.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC.it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD.it offers more lanes for automated vehicles问题3选项A.Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their

30、destinations.B.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C.The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it.D.The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.问题4选项A.by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional la

31、neB.by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC.through a specially guarded gateD.after all trespassers are identified and removed问题5选项A.should harmonize with newly entering carsB.doesnt have to rely on his computer systemC.should watch out for potential accidentsD.doesnt have to hold on to th

32、e steering wheel【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1. 细节事实题。第一段第三句Two distinct types are on the drawing board（绘图板上有两种不同的类型）可知，这两个系统正在设计中，因此选择A项“正在计划中”。B项“正在修改”，C项“现在被广泛使用”，D项“正在施工中”，均错误。2. 细节事实题。题目问special-purpose lane system的优势。定位到第一段最后一句A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive phys

33、ical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.（专用车道系统将需要对现有高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B项“它将实现最大的公路交通效率”符合题意。A项“它只需要对现有的公路做一些小的改动”，根据第一段最后一句可知应该是进行广泛的改造，故错误。C项“它有一条自动和半自动车道”和D项“它为自动化车辆提供了更多的车道”，在文中并未体现。3.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句：Under either scheme,

34、the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway.（不论采用哪种设计，司机都需要在其开始行驶时或在到达自动化高速公路前确定要去的目的地，把这个信息输入车上的计算机），因此C“司机在开车上路之前，应该把目的地通知他的汽车电脑”是正确答案。A项“在它上面行驶的车辆根据目的地被分配了

35、不同的车道”，未在文中提及；B项“在混合车道系统中，汽车可以随时加入现有交通”与文章内容相悖，因为原文第二段第二句是on suitably equipped roads而不是existing traffic；D项“驾驶员应与普通车辆共用自动车道”，在第一段第四句The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars.（第二个是混合交通系统：全自动车辆将与部分自动或手动驾驶的汽车共享道路），可

36、知D项提到的情况只适用于第二种设计方案，即混合式交通系统。故A、B、D均不是答案。4. 细节事实题。题目询问从文章中我们可得知汽车_进入专用汽车车道。根据文章第二段If special- purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp.(如果使用专门车道，汽车可以通过两种方式进入车道，汇入已有的车流中。一种方法是使用特别的入口引道)，B项“通过带有电子控制装置的

37、斜坡”与文章所阐述的观点一致；C项“穿过一扇特别守卫的大门”与文中的观点不符，只有在通过检测后，才能通过此门；A项“通过与常规车道上的车辆平滑合并”和D项“在所有非法闯入者被识别和清除之后”显然与文章的意思不符。5.细节事实题。题目询问行驶在自动车道上时，司机_。根据文章最后一段And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel the driver would be free to release the wheel，open the morning paper or just relax. （一旦汽车行驶在自动车道上，司机就不必操纵方向

38、盘，而可以打开早报阅读或者放松一下），D项“不必紧握方向盘”与文章的观点相符。文章只是说在进入自动车道时才应该这样做，因此A项“应与新进入的车辆相协调”与文章的意思不符；B项“不必依赖他的电脑系统”和C项“应注意潜在的事故”与文章所陈述的意思相反。5. 单选题The accident _ him of his sight and the use of his legs.问题1选项A.excludedB.disabledC.deprivedD.gripped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项excluded“把排斥在外”；B选项disabled“使伤残；使无效”；C选项deprived“使丧

39、失”；D选项gripped“紧握；强烈影响”。句意：这次事故使他_视力和双腿的功能。根据语境，这次事故让他的眼睛和双腿功能受损，所以disabled“使伤残；使无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Its cloudy outside. Please take an umbrella._.问题1选项A.Yes, take it easy.B.Well, it just depends.C.OK. Just in ease.D.All right, youre welcome.【答案】C【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，请带伞。_。所以回答应该是：好的，为了以防万一。A项“是的，慢慢来

40、”；B项“仅仅取决于”；D项“不客气”。根据句意选C。7. 单选题The question _ tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.问题1选项A.to be debatedB.to debateC.debatedD.that it will be debated【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。句意：明天要讨论的问题是是否应该提高所得税。根据question被debate确定用被动语态，不定式表目的可以用作定语成分，A选项to be debated正确。D选项that it will be debated中it作从句主语多余。因此

41、A选项正确。8. 单选题At about the same time, doctors began to understand _ together.问题1选项A.which went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：大约在同一时间，医生们开始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本从句成分完整，不需要用先行词作从句成分，故先行词用that，从句时态和主句时态保持一致，故用过去式，所以C选项that

42、dirt and disease went符合题意。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Weve tested ten types of material, _is completely waterproof.问题1选项A.no of whichB.none of whichC.some of thatD.neither of which【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。B项none of which指“三者或三者以上都不”，符合题意；A项no of which没有这种说法；C项，引导定语从句时that不能用在介词后。D项neither of which指“两者都不”。句意：我们已经测试了十种材料，没有

43、一种是完全防水的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。10. 单选题John _ better than to go swimming right after eating.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：你应该知道不能吃完饭就去游泳。根据John在之前就know刚吃完饭不能游泳，对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；结合语境，这里指本来就该知道，加上情态动词should后句意通顺，D选项should have known符合题意。A选项shall know中shall意思为“将要

44、”，不符合题意。B选项shouldnt know不符合题意。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题John suggested _anything about it until they found out more facts.问题1选项A.not to sayB.saying notC.to say notD.not saying【答案】D【解析】考查动词用法。suggest后面只能接动名词v-ing，动名词的否定形式是在其前加not；其后不可以接to do/ be不定式。因此，D为正确答案。本句句意：“约翰建议，在他们找到更多的事实前，什么也不要说。”12. 单选题_makes men diff

45、erent from the other animals is that they can think and speak.问题1选项A.ThatB.The thingC.AllD.What【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。题干中what从句是整个句子的主语，故后面的动词为is。B项all和C项the things少了作主语的关系代词（that），在定语从句中，做主语的关系代词是不能省略的，只有作宾语的关系代词能省略，所以B，C两项错误。13. 单选题Mother warned _ the electric lamp.问题1选项A.not to touchB.him not to touchC.

46、him not touchingD.him not touch【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。句意：妈妈告诫他不要碰电灯。告诫某人不要做某事用warn sb. not to do sth.，所以B选项him not to touch符合题意，故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题Spies may have a number of _ names and papers.问题1选项A.artificialB.syntheticC.falseD.pretended【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，an artificial limb

47、“假肢”；B选项synthetic“（用化学物质人工）合成的”，synthetic drugs“合成药物”；C选项false“伪造的”，a false passport“假护照”；D选项pretended“假装的”。句意：间谍可能有许多_的名字和文件。根据语境，间谍为了假冒身份，有许多false“伪造的”文件。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题In former revolutionary base areas, the poverty-stricken people can not afford to live in _ conditions.问题1选项A.graciousB.decentC.h

48、onorableD.positive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gracious“宽厚的；仁慈的”；B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”；C选项honorable“可敬的；保护声誉的；体面的”；D选项positive“积极的”。句意：在旧的革命根据地，贫困群众不能拥有_的生活条件。根据语境，B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”搭配conditions“条件”比较合理，意思指生活条件优越。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _ the last bus.问题

49、1选项A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.having caught【答案】B【解析】考查目的状语。在整个句子中，过去时态体现在谓语动词上，根据语境，没有时间赶上最后一班公交车，表明横线部分为目的状语，不需要体现时态，所以A选项to have caught和D选项having caught不符合题意，同时sb. have time后面的目的状语用to do，所以B选项to catch符合题意。C选项catching表示伴随状态，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题The theory of plate tectonics describes the

50、 motions of the lithosphere, the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle. The lithosphere is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes, in general the plates are in motion with respect to one another. A mid-ocean ri

51、dge is a boundary between plates where new lithospheric material is injected from below. AS the plates diverge from a mid-ocean ridge they slide on a more yielding layer at the base of the lithosphere.Since the size of the Earth is essentially constant, new lithosphere can be created at the mid-ocea

52、n ridges only if an equal amount of lithospheric material is consumed elsewhere. The site of this destruction is another kind of plate boundary: a subduction zone. There one plate dives under the edge of another and is reincorporated into the mantle. Both kinds of plate boundary are associated with

53、fault systems, earthquakes and volcanism, but the kinds of geologic activity observed at the two boundaries are quite different.The idea of sea-food spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics. In its original version, in the early 1960s, it described the creation and destruction of th

54、e ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates. The hypothesis was substantiated soon afterward by the discovery that periodic reversals of the Earths magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic crust. As magma rises under the mid-ocean ridge, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma beco

55、me magnetized in the direction of the geomagnetic field. When the magma cooks and solidifies, the direction and the polarity of the field are preserved in the magnetized volcanic rock. Reversals of the field give rise to a series of magnetic stripes running parallel to the axis of the rift. The ocea

56、nic crust thus serves as a magnetic tape recording of the history of the geomagnetic field that can be dated independently the width of the stripes indicates the rate of the sea-floor spreading.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. According to the passage, there are approximately how many lit

57、hospheric plates?3. Which of the following is true about tectonic plates?4. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the lithosphere is LEAST likely to be true?5. What does the author imply about the periodic reversal of the Earths magnetic field?问题1选项A.Magnetic field revers

58、al.B.The formation of magma.C.The location of mid-ocean ridges.D.Plate tectonic theory.问题2选项A.Six.B.Twelve.C.Twenty-four or more.D.One thousand nine hundred.问题3选项A.They are moving in relationship to one other.B.They have unchanging borders.C.They are located far beneath the lithosphere.D.They have t

59、he same shape.问题4选项A.It is a relatively inflexible layer of the Earth.B.It is made up entirely of volcanic ash.C.It includes the crust and some of the mantle of the Earth.D.It is divided into plates of various shapes and sizes.问题5选项A.It is inexplicable.B.It supports the hypothesis of sea-floor sprea

60、ding.C.It was discovery before the 1960s.D.It indicates the amount of magma present.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere（板块构造理论描述的是岩石圈的运动），随后对此话题进行展开，D选项“板块构造理论”正确，A选项“磁场逆转”，B选项“岩浆的形成”和C选项“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括

61、全文。因此D选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句The lithosphere is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知C选项“24个或更多”符合题意。A选项“6”，B选项“12”和D选项“1900”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句in general the plates are in motion with respect to one another（通常这些板块都处于相对运动中），可知A选项“它们在相对位移”正确。B选项

62、“它们的边界不变”和D选项“它们的形状相同”：根据第二段第二、三句There one plate dives under the edge of another and is reincorporated into the mantle.（在那里，一块板块俯冲到另一块板块的边缘之下并与地幔结合在一起。），可知边界会改变，形状也不会相同。C选项“它们位于岩石圈深处”：根据第一段第一句The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere（板块构造理论描述岩石圈的运动），可知板块构造包括整个岩石圈。因此A选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句In its original version, in the early 1960s, it described the creation and destruction of the ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates.（在20