2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考前模拟强化练习题78（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题（ ） with the height of the skyscraper, this mountain doesnt seem high at all.问题1选项A.When comparedB.While comparingC.CompareD.Comparing【答案】A【解析】句意:当与摩天大楼的高度相比吋，这座山看起来根本不高。语法题。考查过去分词做状语。此句主语为this mountain,前半句为动词compare的过去分词做比较状语。分句中动词compare与逻辑主语this mountain之间是被动

2、关系,故选A。2. 单选题（ ）that your daughter is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about问题1选项A.SinceB.WhenC.NowD.After【答案】C【解析】句意:既然你女儿恢复了健康，那么你就没有什么需要担忧的了。考查固定搭配。since that 从那以后。when that 在语法上是错误的。now that 既然。after that 从那以后。因此C符合句意。3. 单选题The result of our survey indicated that students in the

3、city averaged（ ）of daily self-study this year than last year.问题1选项A.60 minutesB.as many as 60 minutesC.more 60 minutesD.60 minutes more【答案】D【解析】句意:我们的调查结果显示，城市里的学生每天的自学时间相比去年平均増加了 60分钟。语法题。考查比较级。由题干关键词than可以排除A和B。表示“平均比多”用“averagemore than”。故D正确。4. 单选题Mary wanted to turn natural history into a scien

4、ce that would （ ）physics and chemistry.问题1选项A.be the same asB.rank withC.be at issueD.take on【答案】B【解析】句意:玛丽想要将自然历史变成与物理和化学并列的一门学科。考查短语辨析。be the same as与相同; rank with 与并列; be at issue争论不休; take on承担，呈现，接纳，雇用。故B符合句意。5. 单选题It was the training that he had as a young man （ ）made him such a great lawyer.问

5、题1选项A.thatB.hasC.whatD.later【答案】A【解析】句意:正是他年轻时接受的训练使他成为了一位伟大的律师。语法题。考查强调句。强调句型为: It is/was +被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who(强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。题干强调主语the training,所以连接词应该用that。6. 单选题The Canterbury Tales （ ）written by Chaucer.问题1选项A.has beenB.wereC.wasD.had been【答案】C【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是乔叟写的。语法题。考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语为T

6、he Canterbury Tales(一本书),后面又有关键信息written by Chaucer,所以谓语动词应该用一般过去时和第三人称单数形式。故选C。7. 单选题The common experience of having a name or word on the tip of the tongue seems related to specific perceptual attributes. In particular, people who report the tip-of-the-tongue feeling tend to identify the words fir

7、st letter and number of syllables with an accuracy that far exceeds mere guessing. There is evidence that the mind may encode data about when information was learned and about how often it has been experienced. Some memories seem to embrace spatial information; e.g., one remembers a particular news

8、item to be on the lower right-hand side of the front page of a newspaper. Research indicates that the rate of forgetting varies for different attributes. For example, memories in which auditory attributes seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with minimal acoustic characteristic

9、s.If a designated (target) memory consists of a collection of attributes, its recall or retrieval should be enhanced by any cue that indicates one of the attributes. For example, on failing to recall the term horse (included in a list they have just seen), people may be asked if an associated term (

10、say, barn or zebra) helps them recall the word. While some additional recall has been observed with this kind of help, failures are common even with ostensibly relevant cues. Though it is possible that the cues frequently are appropriate, nevertheless, if words were not learned (encoded or stored) w

11、ith accompanying attributes, cuing of any kinds should be ineffective.1.With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?2.It can be concluded from the passage that all encoded words are （ ）.3.What does the passage mainly discuss?4.Which of the following does the autho

12、r mention as a cause for forgetting?5.Which is not mentioned as a tendency among people who encounter tip-of-the-tongue experience?问题1选项A.Words that are only heard are easily forgottenB.The brain always remembers the moment words are first learnedC.Auditory cues are more helpful than spatial cuesD.U

13、ncommon words are normally remembered with visual cues问题2选项A.remembered without helpB.learned without cuesC.stored with attributesD.forgotten if not used问题3选项A.How a person remembers wordsB.The origin of the expression tip-of-the-tongue”C.How a person uses new wordsD.How cues are used to pronounce w

14、ords问题4选项A.The need for more precise spatial informationB.The creation of ostensibly relevant cuesC.The learning of words without corresponding attributesD.The use of inappropriate auditory cues问题5选项A.Knowing the number of syllables in a wordB.Remembering where words were seenC.Knowing the first let

15、ter of the wordD.Recognizing the word when heard【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。A:听到的言语信息很容易被忘记,第一段指出: For example, memories in which auditory attributes seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with minimal acoustic characteristics (相比听觉属性占最少优势的那些记忆，听觉属性占优势的记忆倾向于更快速地被忘记),

16、故A项与原文不符。B:人的大脑一直记忆单词被首先知晓的瞬间,第一段指出: There is evidence that the mind may encode data about when information was learned and about how often it has been experienced (有证据表 明人的大脑可能编码有关信息何时被知晓和多久一次被经历的数据),故B正确。C:听觉线索比空间线索更有帮助,D: 不常见的单词一般通过视觉线索被记忆,文章并未提及。2.判断推理题。第一段指出: The common experience of having a n

17、ame or word on the tip of the tongue seems related to specific perceptual attributes (差点想起一个名字或言词的常见经历似乎和特定的感知属性相关), Research indicates that the rate of forgetting varies for different attributes (研究表明，遗忘的频率根据属性的不同而变化),由此可知C项“被带着属性地储存”正确。3.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了“人怎样记忆言词”。4.细节事实题。第二段指出: if words were not lear

18、ned （encoded or stored） with accompanying attributes, cuing of any kinds should be ineffective (如果言词没有在带着伴随的属性情况下被知晓（被编码或储存），那么任何种类的线索提示应该是无效的),由此可知C“没有对应属性的学习言词”正确。5.细节事实题。A:知晓言词的音节数,C:知晓言词的第一个字母,第一段指出: In particular, people who report the tip-of-the-tongue feeling tend to identify the words first

19、letter and number of syllables with an accuracy that far exceeds mere guessing (特别地,说自己有差点想起感觉的人倾向于以远超单纯猜测的准确性去辨认出言词的第一个字母和其音节数),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:记忆言词在哪里被看见,第一段指出: Some memories seem to embrace spatial information; e.g., one remembers a particular news item to be on the lower right-hand side of the fro

20、nt page of a newspaper (些记忆貌似包含空间信息，如一个人记得一个特定的新闻内容位于报纸头版右手边较低位置),由此可知B项被提及。故选D“识别听见的言词”。8. 单选题When British voters go to the polls during General Elections to decide who will govern them, they usually have a choice of at least three candidates who will each represent one of the three main political

21、parties in Britain today.The Labor Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own. is the smaller Liberal Party.Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as “constituencies，each with its own

22、candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected (or re-elected) with large majorities. The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster. Here,

23、in the House, the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet - a team of specially selected ministers carries out its duties of governing the country. Various proposals are put forward for debate and discussion and these may, eventually, become part of the law of the land. The g

24、overnment in office has to face the criticism of the other parties which are in opposition. This is the sort of democratic process that the majority of British people seem to favor. Her Majestys Government is watched over by Her Majestys Opposition, and thus a certain balance of power is maintained.

25、 Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Regional parties (such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party), and other independent parties can exercise their influence. Some issues may be decided on a mere handful of votes.1.

26、According to the passage, the Liberal Party could be described as （ ）.2.A constituency is（ ）.3.How can the other parties exercise their influence in Parliament，according to the passage?4.The Cabinet is（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?6.The appropriate title for this passage is（ ）.

27、问题1选项A.a party with policies of its ownB.the only small party with independent viewsC.a very influential partyD.a small party with no central policy问题2选项A.a place where the General Election is heldB.a political area found only in the larger townsC.an area represented by an MP in ParliamentD.an area

28、of the country问题3选项A.By remaining independent.B.By supporting various proposals put forward by the major parties.C.Through the Members of Parliament they have chosen.D.Through their combined voting power.问题4选项A.the Prime Ministries private officeB.a ministerial group assisting the Prime MinisterC.an

29、y group of MPs with special responsibilityD.a specially chosen team of ministers from all three political parties问题5选项A.The British voters usually have a choice among at least three candidates.B.The three major parties of Britain are the Labor Party, The Tory Party, and the Conservative Party.C.The

30、government in office has to face various kinds of criticism from the opposition parties.D.The result of the vote is decided by the opinion of the majority of voters.问题6选项A.The British voting SystemB.British votersC.The Three Major Parties of BritainD.Her Majestys Government【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5

31、题:B第6题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: .and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own, is the smaller Liberal Party (而介于这个两个政党之间的是较小的自由党，其有自己政治和观点),故A项“一个拥有自己政治的政党”符合原文所述。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliam

32、ent (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster (这些城市和大的城镇各自分为多个选区，并且他们会选举自己的国会议员，以在位于威斯敏斯特的国会大厦中代表自己的观点),故C项 “由一个国会议员所代表的地方”正确。3.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Re

33、gional parties （such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party）, and other independent parties can exercise their influence (（政府的）决策由大多数选票来决定，当然这一点也是其它政党如自由党，其它独立党派能施加他们的影响的地方),故选D“通过联合起来的投票权”。4.细节事实题。最后一段指出: .the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet - a team of specially se

34、lected ministers carries out its duties of governing the country (由政府总理和总理的内阁（一组专门选定的大臣）领导的政府执行管理国家的责任),由此可知内阁是“协助总理的大臣团体”。5.细节事实题。A: 英国选民通常可以在三位候选人中做出选择,第一段指出: .they usually have a choice of at least three candidates. (他们一般有至少三位候选人),故A项符合原文所述。B: 英国的三大政党为：工党、托利党和保守党,第二段指出: The Labor Party is the par

35、ty of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own, is the smaller Liberal Party (工党是左翼政党，托利党（或保守党）是右翼政党，而介于这个两个政党之间的是较小的自由党，其有自己政治和观点),故B项与原文不符。C: 执政党需要面对来自在野党的各种指责,最后一段指出: The government in office has to face the criticism

36、 of the other parties which are in opposition (执政党不得不面对在野党的指责),故C符合原文。D:选举的结果由大多数选民的意见来决定,第三段指出: Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as “constituencies”，each with its own candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected （or re-elected） with large majorities (英国被分为600多个政治选区

37、，每个选区都有代表议会的自己的候选人，且这些人希望被大多数选民选举（或再次被选举）),故D正确。因此本题选B。6.主旨大意题。主要讲英国的选举制度以及在野党怎样通过选票来施加自己对执政党的影响等,故A项“英国的选举制度”比较适合做文章标题。9. 单选题It is unfortunate these experiments must now be （ ）for lack of money.问题1选项A.transferredB.terminatedC.testifiedD.transformed【答案】B【解析】句意:不幸的是,由于缺乏资金这些实验必须终止。考查动词辨析。四个选项都是对应动词的过

38、去分词形式。Transfer 使转移; terminate 使终止; testify 证明,证实; transform 改变。故B符合句意。10. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English.钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。著名的词作家乔羽说：“钓鱼 可以分为三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三个阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”【答案】Fishing is a sport that can help improve ones temperament.

39、It is good for physical and mental health. The well-known songwriter Qiao Yu said : “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing-facing

40、 a pool of clear water, one casts aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys a good mental and physical rest.11. 单选题We are doing this work in the （ ）of reforms in the economic, social and cultural sphere问题1选项A.contextB.contestC.textureD.pretext【答案】A【解析】句意:我们正在经济、社会、文化改革的背景下开展这项工作。考查名词辨析。Context上下文,环

41、境,背景; contest比赛,竞争; texture 质地,纹理; pretext借口,托辞。因此A符合句意。12. 单选题The professor has assigned the students a research paper, the purpose （ ）is to acquaint them with methods of scholarly research.问题1选项A.toB.to whichC.it thatD.of which【答案】D【解析】句意:教授己经指定他的学生写一篇研究论文,为了使他们懂得学术研究的方法。语法题。考查定语从句。题干中的 the purpos

42、e of which is to.相当于 whose purpose is to。13. 单选题I was worried that my work wasnt good enough, but the teacher （ ）me that the work would be satisfactory.问题1选项A.assuredB.ensuredC.reassuredD.confirmed【答案】C【解析】句意:我担心作业做的不够好,但老师打消了我的顾虑,说我的作业会令人满意。考查动词辨析。四个选项都是对应动词的过去式。Assure使确信,向保证,弄清; ensure确保,使安全; reas

43、sure使安心,打消的疑虑; confirm证实,证明,批准。C符合句意。14. 单选题Fred tried to get to the door but the table was （ ）.问题1选项A.in a wayB.on the wayC.in the wayD.by the way【答案】C【解析】句意:Fred打算到门口去，但桌子挡住了路。考查短语辨析。in a way 在某种程度上; on the way 在途中; in the way 妨碍,挡道; by the way附带说一句。故C符合句意。15. 单选题He seemed too old for her, （ ）like

44、 a father （ ）a husband.问题1选项A.more.thanB.not so.asC.most.thanD.rather.than【答案】A【解析】句意:对她来说，他似乎有点太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。考查固定搭配。由前半句句意“他似乎有点太老了”推测后面句意为: 相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。more .than. 相比，更是。故选A。16. 单选题（ ） , it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a laser.问题1选项A.Hard a diamond isB.Hard as a diamond isC.As a di

45、amond is hardD.How hard is a diamond【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管金刚石是硬的，但是用激光在上面钻孔很容易。语法题。考查部分倒装。这是一个as引导的让步状语从句的倒装: 形容词+as+主语+谓语或表语,故选B。17. 单选题Although （ ）happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.问题1选项A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管在那个发达国家发生的事情听起

46、来像科幻小说，但是这些事情却可能在世界的其它地方发生。语法题。考查主语从句的引导词。分析题干可知“ happened in thatdeveloped country”为although引导的让步状语从句中的主语从句,空格处应填主语从句引导词,并且在从句中充当主语成分。故选B。18. 单选题We should （ ）our human and material resources if we are to succeed in the joint venture.问题1选项A.pourB.plungeC.poolD.pick【答案】C【解析】句意:如果我们想要办成合资企业的话，就应该集中我们的

47、人力和物力资源。考查动词辨析。pour使(液体)连续流出，倾倒，倒出倾泻；plunge 使陷入，使投入，使插入；pool 共用，聚拢（资金、知识、设备等）；pick 拾取，精选，采摘。因此C符合句意。19. 单选题The father lost his （ ）just because his son failed again in the final exam.问题1选项A.mindB.moodC.passionD.temper【答案】D【解析】句意:父亲发脾气只是因为儿子期末考试又考砸了。考查固定搭配。lose ones temper 发脾气。20. 单选题The president of the company was under enormous （ ）during the trial.问题1选项A.forceB.pressureC.strengthD.tense【答案】B【解析】句意:在审判期间，这家公司的董事长承受了巨大的压力。考查名词辨析。Force武力,暴力,力量; pressure压力,压迫; strength力量,力气; tense （动词的）时态。故B符合句意。