2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题9（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题John was so in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring.问题1选项A.engagedB.occupiedC.absorbedD.concentrated【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。absorbed “全神贯注的”；engaged “使用中的”；occupied “已占用的”；concentrated “集中注意力的”，本题用be absorbed in“全神贯注于”更为合适。句意：约翰如此全神贯注地阅读书籍，以至于他没有听到门铃。选项C符合题意。2

2、. 单选题The fact that the earths surface heats _ provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.问题1选项A.infrequentlyB.irregularlyC.unsteadilyD.unevenly【答案】D【解析】副词词义解析。infrequently “很少发生地”；irregularly “不规则地”；unsteadily “不稳定地”；unevenly “不均衡地”。句意：事实就是地球表面加热不均衡提供了一种将其划分成多个温度区域的简便方法。选项D符合题意。3

3、. 单选题Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _， and therefore _ external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.问题1选项A.learned. immune toB.innate. unaffected byC.intricate. belong toD.specific. confused with【答案】B【解析】形容词

4、词义和动词词组解析。learned “有学问的”；innate “与生俱来的”；intricate “复杂的，错综的”；specific “明确的，详细的”。immune to “不受影响的”；unaffected by “不受影响的”；belong to “属于”；confused with “对困惑”。句意：一些动物的行为，比如交配行为，似乎是与生俱来的，不受外来因素影响的，比如气候变化，食物供给或者同一物种其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th

5、_ the birth of Jesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】介词词组辨析。in accordance with “根据”；in terms of “就而言”；in favor of “喜欢”；in honor of “纪念；招待”。句意：12月25日圣诞节是基督教的一个神圣的日子，为了纪念耶稣的出生。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, （ ）speak to a room of

6、 people.问题1选项A.much lessB.much moreC.still moreD.more or less【答案】B【解析】副词词组辨析。much less “更不用说”；much more “更加”；still more “更何况”；more or less “或多或少”。句意：她十分害羞以至于不敢询问陌生人时间，更何况是和一屋子的人说话。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题There is no（ ）evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between these two countrie

7、s.问题1选项A.tangibleB.touchableC.noticeableD.inevitable【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。tangible “切实的”；touchable “可触摸的”；noticeable “显著的”；inevitable “不可避免的”。句意：没有确凿的证据证明这两个国家之间的关系将恢复正常。选项A符合题意。7. 写作题Describe children surfing the net briefly and give your comments.【答案】Nowadays, the Internet is one of the most powerful t

8、ools throughout the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources for people. Almost all households have access to the Internet ； however, before people connecting the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and advantages. Children of net users have become a big

9、 concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers involved when their children log onto the Internet. When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. When children talk to others online, they do not realize they could actually be talking to a harmful person. As a result,

10、 there have been many cases where children have been convinced to meet people they have talked with online. In addition, children may also receive pornography online by mistake; therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether surfing the Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children

11、 can be exposed to extremely inappropriate material. Pornographic sites tend to make sure they are the first sites to be listed in any search area； thus, children come across such sites easily.We could control the issue from the following three aspects. First and foremost, parents are responsible fo

12、r their own children on the Internet because there are available services to protect children. Further, to keep children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers. They must actively guide and guard their children online and should talk to children about what is online and what might h

13、appen online. In addition, the companies should develop a number of tools available today that may help keep the Internet environment safer for children. In other words, children want to explore things； however, there are people on the Internet that are just too persuasive.8. 单选题Knowledge is a comfo

14、rtable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。ingredient “要素，组成部分”，reliance “信赖”；shelter “庇护，避难所”；inclination “倾向，爱好”。句意：多我们来说知识是舒适而必要的归宿在

15、我们年老的时候，如果年轻时不开始，年老的时候它就不会给我们遮阴。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Scientists are searching for the oldest tree _ because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.问题1选项A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live【答案】B【解析】同根词词义辨析。lively “活泼的，充满生气的”；alive “活着的”；living “现存的”；live “生动的”。句意：科学家正在寻找活着的古老的

16、树，因为可以教他们许多有关于气候变化的问题。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _ produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】形近异义词辨析。absorption “吸收”；transition“传送，过渡，传递”；consumption “消费，消耗”；int

17、eraction “相互作用”。句意：从固体变成液体，水要吸收周围所有物体的热量，这种吸收会导致周围环境变冷。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases （1） the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant （2） of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancel

18、lor, will introduce a （3） bill that will propose making payments to witnesses （4） and will strictly control the amount of （5）that can be given to a case （6） a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he （7 ） with a committ

19、ee report this year which said that self-regulation did not （8） sufficient control. （9） of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a （10）of media protest when he said the（11）of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges （12） to parliament. The Lord Chancello

20、r said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which （ 13） the European convention on Human Rights legally （14） in Britain, laid down that everybody was （15 ） to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands （ 16） our

21、 British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an （17 ） after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were （18） to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised. （19 ） witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in

22、court to （20 ）guilty verdicts.问题1选项A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such as问题2选项A.tighteningB.intensifyingC.focusingD.fastening问题3选项A.sketchB.roughC.preliminaryD.draft问题4选项A.illogicalB.illegalC.improbableD.improper问题5选项A.publicityB.penaltyC.popularityD.peculiarity问题6选项A.sinceB.ifC.beforeD.as问题7

23、选项A.sidedB.sharedC.compliedD.agreed问题8选项A.presentB.offerC.manifestD.indicate问题9选项A.ReleaseB.PublicationC.PrintingD.Exposure问题10选项A.stormB.rageC.flareD.flash问题11选项A.translationB.interpretationC.exhibitionD.demonstration问题12选项A.better thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.sooner than问题13选项A.changesB.makesC.s

24、etsD.turns问题14选项A.bindingB.convincingC.restrainingD.sustaining问题15选项A.authorizedB.creditedC.entitledD.qualified问题16选项A.withB.toC.fromD.by问题17选项A.impactB.incidentC.inferenceD.issue问题18选项A.statedB.remarkedC.saidD.told问题19选项A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that问题20选项A.assureB.confideC.ensureD.guarantee【答案】第1题:D第2题

25、:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:A第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C第16题:A第17题:D第18题:C第19题:D第20题:C【解析】（1）语法知识。as to “至于，关于”； for instance “例如”； in particular “尤其”； such as “例如”。句意：政府禁止收买证人，诸如罗斯玛丽韦斯特的审判这一类重大案件。根据句意和结构，选项D符合题意。（2）固定搭配。tightening “绷紧”； intensifying “加剧”； focusing “聚焦”； fastening “

26、扣紧”。句意：对法律控制的加紧。tightening controls “加紧控制”。选项A符合题意。（3）近义词辨析。sketch “草图，素描”；rough “粗糙的，粗鲁的”；preliminary “初步的，预备的”；draft “草案，草稿”。句意：大法官将会提出一个法律草案。选项D符合题意。（4）形容词词义辨析。illogical “不合逻辑的”；illegal“不合法的”；improbable “未必会的，不太可能的”；improper “不适当的”。句意：使向证人付款成为非法行为。选项B符合题意。（5）名词词义辨析。publicity “宣扬，公开”； penalty “罚款”

27、； popularity “普及”； peculiarity “特性”。句意：严格控制案件的公开程度。选项A符合题意。（6）介词词义辨析。根据文章意思，在审判开始前，严格控制案件的宣传度。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。side “同意，支持”； share “分享”； comply “遵守”；agree “同意”。agree 和with 搭配。句意：Lord Irvine说他同意委员会的报告。选项D符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。present “呈递，提出”；offer有“主动提出，提供”；manifest “表明，征服”；indicate “指示，暗示”。句意：自我调节没能提供足够的管控。

28、选项B符合题意。（9）名词词义辨析。release “释放”； publication “发表，公开”；printing “打印”； exposure “曝光”。句意：两周后信发表了。选项B符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。storm“政治、市场方面的动荡”；rage “愤怒”； flare “火光闪耀”；flash “突然闪现”。句意：Lord Irvine 掀起了一场媒体反抗风暴。选项A符合题意。（11）名词词义辨析。translation “翻译”；interpretation “ 解释，阐明”；exhibition “展览”，demonstration “表明，论证”。句意：包含于欧洲立

29、法中的隐私权将由审判长解释。选项B符合题意。（12）词组辨析。better than “比更好”；other than “不同于；除了”； rather than “而不是”；sooner than “比更快”。句意：包含于欧洲立法中的隐私权将由议会解释而不是议会。选项C符合题意。（13）动词词义辨析。changes “改变”； makes “使”；sets “放置”； turns “转变”。句意：使欧洲人权公约在英国是具有合法约束力的。make后接双重宾语的用法。选项B符合题意。（14）形容词词义辨析。Binding “有约束力的”；convincing“令人信服的”；restraining

30、“抑制的”；sustaining“维持的”。句意：使欧洲人权公约在英国具有合法约束力。选项A符合题意。（15）动词词义辨析。authorize“认可，批准”；credit “归因于”；entitle “使有权利”；qualify “使具有资格”。be entitled to “有权利”。句意：每个人都有隐私权。选项C符合题意。（16）固定搭配。be in safe hands with “因而安然无恙”。句意：新闻自由交由法官负责将会很安全。选项A符合题意。（17）名词词义辨析。impact “影响；冲突”；incident “小事件；插曲”；inference “推论，推理”；issue “

31、问题；辩论”。句意：是否为证人付款变成了一个问题。选项D符合题意。（18）固定搭配。Be said to do sth. “据说”。句意：据说有多打达19名证人通过讲述自己的故事获得了报酬。选项C符合题意。（19）语法知识。that 做连词引导同位语从句。句意：关注点在于，证人将被鼓励在法庭上夸大自己的故事为了确保有罪判决。选项D符合题意。（20）动词词义辨析。assure “保证，担保”；confide “吐露”；ensure “确保”；guarantee“保证”，ensure guilty verdicts “确保有罪判决”。句意：证人将被鼓励在法庭上夸大自己的故事为了确保有罪判决。选项C

32、符合题意。12. 单选题Stores and supermarkets have been（ ）with each other to attract customers.问题1选项A.strivingB.vyingC.conqueringD.sprouting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。striving “奋斗，力争”；vying “使针锋相对”； conquering “战胜，征服”；sprouting “使发芽；使萌芽”。句意：商店和超市针锋相对，都想要吸引顾客。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题What makes basketball the most （ ）of sports is

33、how these styles do not necessarily clash.问题1选项A.aspiringB.intriguingC.conspiringD.famous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。aspiring “有抱负的”；intriguing “有趣的”；conspiring “协力的”；famous “著名的”。句意：篮球成为最有趣的运动的原因是这些风格不会冲突。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Many of the conditions that _ population pressures overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hu

34、nger and illness lead to dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.bring forwardB.give rise toC.feed up withD.result from【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。bring forward “提出，提前”； give rise to “引起”； feed up with “对厌烦”； result from “起因于”。句意：许多由于人口压力导致的条件，过度拥挤、失业、贫困、饥饿和疾病，导致了不满。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题Since the island soil has been barren for so ma

35、ny years, the natives must now _ much of their food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deliver “交付，递送”；import “输入，进口”；produce “生产，引起”；develop “发展，进步”。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠，当地人现在必须进口大多数食物。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题The career I have chosen（ ）opportunities yet it is fraught with heartbreak, despa

36、ir and hardship.问题1选项A.is laden withB.is lack ofC.is burdened withD.is in want of【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。be laden with “满载，充满”；be lack of “缺乏”；be burdened with “使重负”；be in want of “需要”。句意：我选择的职业充满机会，然而也充满的心碎、绝望和艰辛。选项A符合题意。17. 翻译题The bodies who play major professional sports have changed dramatically over th

37、e years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.【答案】这些年来，从事主要职业运动的选手们身高发生了巨大的变化，所以经理们很愿意调整队服，使其能够适合越来越多大体型的人。18. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at larg

38、eB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。at large “整个地”；at intervals “不时”；at ease “不紧张”；at random“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to take travelers, checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.selec

39、tionC.inferenceD.alternative【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。substitute “代替品”；selection “选择”；inference “推断”；alternative “供替代的选择”。句意：旅行时，建议你带上旅行支票，这是对携带现金的一种可供选择的安全保证。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a _ character.问题1选项A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。gracious “有礼貌的，优美的”；suspicious “可疑的”，unique “独一无二的，唯一的”；particular “特别的”。句意：我一直不相信他，因为我觉得他是一个可疑的人。选项B符合题意。