2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前模拟强化练习题98（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The advertisement for Super Suds detergent（ ）that the sale has increased by 25 % in the first quarter of the year.问题1选项A.have been so successfulB.had been so successfulC.has been so successfulD.will be so successful【答案】C【解析】本句主语为advertisement，所以谓语动词为单数。句子是一般现在时，

2、填空处时态应与后面保持一致，所以选项C正确。2. 单选题Tom doesnt think that the（ ） situation here is as good as his hometowns.问题1选项A.economicsB.economicC.economyD.economical【答案】B【解析】economics经济学；economic经济上的，经济学的；economy经济，节约；economical经济的，节约的。根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，首先排除选项A和C；选项B符合句意。3. 单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth

3、 is a kind of zoo or wildlife（ ） for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】固定用法。wildlife reserve指野生动物保护区。所以选项D正确。4. 单选题British Prime Minister T

4、ony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U. N. sanction.问题1选项A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。electorate的前缀为elect-（选-），可以推测出electorate意为“选民”，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题A completely new situation is bound to （ ）when the examination system

5、 is introduced.问题1选项A.riseB.ariseC.raiseD.arouse【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。句意：当考试制度被引入时，必然会出现一个全新的局面。arise没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物。所以选项B正确。6. 单选题（ ） the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper that we need has risen as well.问题1选项A.Along withB.AltogetherC.AlthoughD.All along【

6、答案】A【解析】along with随同.一起；altogether完全，总而言之；although尽管，虽然；all along始终，一直。句意：随着我们办公室电脑数量的增加，我们需要的纸的数量也增加了。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】上下文语义。句意：记得要为这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们不

7、会提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。8. 单选题The terrorists kidnapped the director of the company and demanded a large sums of money for his （ ）.问题1选项A.libertyB.reliefC.relaxationD.release【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。句意：恐怖分子绑架了这家公司的经理，要求得到一大笔钱才会释放他。选项D符合句意。9. 写作题Write a note to your roommate Frank. Your note should contain about 80 Eng

8、lish words. Remember that you are writing this note before leaving for Shanghai for three days. In your note, you should ask Frank to look after your pet dog Goofy while you are away. Your note to Frank should include the following information.(a)You will fly to Shanghai in the evening(b)Apologize t

9、o Frank that you have to leave in a hurry(c)Ask Frank to look after Goofy(d)Tell Frank that the dog food is left in the store room(e)Remind Frank that Goofy does not like cold milk(f)Goofy likes to take a walk in the evening(g)Let Frank know that you are grateful to him for looking after GoofyWrite

10、your note to Frank on ANSWER SHEET II.【答案】Dear Frank,Im going to Shanghai this evening and I will stay there for 3 days. I should apologize that I have to leave so hastily. And Im very embarrassed to ask you to help me look after my dog Goofy. By the way, I must remind you that you can easily find t

11、he dog food that I have left in the store room. Oh, Goofy dont like cold milk very much, so please dont forget to heat the milk for him. Besides, he likes taking a walk in the evening. Thank you very much for helping me.Yours Sincerely,10. 单选题The little girl is ignorant （ ）the basic rules of English

12、 grammar.问题1选项A.forB.ofC.withD.against【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。ignorant of意为“不知道, 不了解”，为固定搭配。选项B正确。11. 单选题What（ ） about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed all attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that tragedy.问题1选项A.worked me outB.knocked me o

13、utC.brought me upD.put me forward【答案】B【解析】work out算出，解决；knock sb. out把某人打昏，使疲劳；bring sb. up把某人抚养大；put forward提出。句意：报纸上那篇文章让我大吃一惊的是，它的作者在面对那场悲剧时，表现出了足够冷静、足够专业的态度，因此也足够残忍。选项B符合语境。12. 单选题Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his（ ）to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the su

14、bject being studied.问题1选项A.reactionB.commentC.impressionD.comprehension【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。reaction to对.的反应，对.的看法或意见；选项B一般与on搭配；选项C和D一般与of搭配。句意：有时，学生可能会被要求写他对某本书或某篇与正在研究的主题有关的文章的看法。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confronted Isabeta about not looking at him.

15、Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures, teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousne

16、ss. Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did.People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americans, especially from the South, observe this custom, too. A masters thesis by Samuel A

17、voian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from the listener,

18、 only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening. They are expected to look at the speaker all the time.Many African Americans communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening, they mostly look away. Therefore, if wh

19、ite sports recruiters are not informed about these significant differences, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of eye contact have brought about social conflicts of two different kinds in ma

20、ny urban centers, non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation taking place between some Asians and African Americans in New

21、 York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaning among the younger generati

22、on and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered a provocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict.Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In one high school, it resulted in a

23、 fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians intentions and the fight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contac

24、t as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or “disses,” that person. Much like the archaic phrase “I demand satisfaction,” which became the overture to a duel. Mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter.At th

25、e entrances to Universal Studios “City Walk” attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against “physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring.”1.Many African Amer

26、icans from the South（ ） .2.When listening to the others, white communicators tend to（ ） .3.Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because（ ） .4.Mad-dogging refers to（ ） .5.The archaic phrase, “I demand satisfaction”（ ） .问题1选项A.adopt a typically American open style of com

27、municationB.often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC.avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD.are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others问题2选项A.look at the speaker all the timeB.glance at the speaker periodicallyC.look away from the speakerD.stare at the speaker问题3选项A.Korean

28、shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB.they expect a more enthusiastic reflection from the shopkeepersC.there are some social conflicts in many urban centersD.they are not informed about difference between cultures问题4选项A.a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic backgroundB

29、.physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC.a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD.the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers问题5选项A.was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB.often led to a fightC.was a sign of disrespectD.often result

30、ed in some kind of misinterpretation【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据关键词“African Americans, from the South”定位到第二段第二句“Many African Americans, especially from the South, observe this custom, too.”这里的“custom”即上一句提到的“avoid eye contact as a sign of respect.”选项C与原文描述一致。2.根据第三段的内容可知，白人在说话时通常会把目光从听众身上移开

31、，只是偶尔瞥一眼他们。他们在听的时候却恰恰相反，会一直看着说话者。所以选项A符合原文。3.根据第五段的第一句“In multicultural America.non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly.”可知，在美国非韩裔的顾客对韩国店主感到很生气是因为店主没有直视他们，所以选项A正确。4.这里是考查“mad-dogging”的定义。根据第六段的内容，在年轻一代和跨种族之间，直接的目光接触现在有了新的含义。当一个青少年直视另一个青少年时，这被认为是一种挑衅，有时

32、也被称为“mad-dogging”。选项A符合原文。5.根据原文“Much like the archaic phraseI demand satisfaction, which became the overture to a duel.”“I demand satisfaction,”成为决斗的序曲。也就是说，会导致争斗。选项B正确。14. 单选题If each of us does our part little by little, we can（ ） the lifespan of our planet and ourselves.问题1选项A.enlargeB.expandC.in

33、creaseD.grow【答案】C【解析】考查近义词辨析。enlarge 扩大，放大；expand扩张，使膨胀；increase增加，延长；grow发展，生长。句意：如果我们每一个人都能够一点一点地做好我们的本职工作，那么我们赖以生存的星球和我们自己本身的寿命会延长。本题想表达的是寿命的延长，increase有“延长”的意思，故答案C。15. 翻译题One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can

34、perform useful functions in the economy. Buying a commodity or the stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sh

35、arper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the pri

36、ce, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.【答案】当确实存在遭受损失的风险时，人们不禁要

37、问为什么允许进行投机活动。这其中根本的原因是投机能对经济活动产生有益作用。当人们预期商品价格的上涨速度要超过市场平衡点时，就会买入商品或股票并鼓励更多的供应商入市。如果价格的变化滞后，甚至在切实的商品短缺发生后，价格还没有变化，价格波动可能会更剧烈和更突然。调节性的供应行为此时丝毫不能耽搁。同样，如果投机商预测到某些商品会供应过量，这时他们如果卖出期货将有助于在切实的商品供应过量发生前将价格下调到一定水平。当投机商预测到商品会短缺并通过竞标抬高价格时，他们也在帮助囤积当前的商品供应。随着价格的上涨，人们购买的商品量就会减少；价格的上涨鼓励人们节约。同样，降低价格将会鼓励使用者购买更多的商品，进

38、而有助于将正在形成供应过量的商品销售出去。16. 单选题The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our childrens college and our own retirement security is chilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。选项A与之意思相近，正确。17. 单选题Organizational culture can be defined as a system

39、of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and（ ） behaviors of its members.问题1选项A.guidesB.indicatesC.controlsD.supervises【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：组织文化能够被定义为一个共享信仰和价值观且对组织发展有益、对组织成员的行动具有指导意义的系统。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题When television is good, nothingnot the theatre, not the magazines, or news

40、papersnothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the statio

41、n signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, pr

42、ivate eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inf

43、orm, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the childrens understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a childrens news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding? Is there no

44、 room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine childrens shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you ca

45、nnot offer more to your young children whose future you guard so many hours each and every day.There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a symphony, more people will watch the West

46、ern. I like Westerns and private eyes, too. But a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test

47、of what to broadcast. You are not only in show business ; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nations whimsyou must also serve the nations needs. The people own

48、 the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six oclock in the morning. For every hour that the people give youyou owe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.1.What the author advises us to do is to（ ） .2.What seems to have offended the author most o

49、n television is（ ） .3.As far as children are concerned, the authors chief complaint is that（ ）4.According to the author, it is in the public interest to（ ） .5.It is the obligation of television business to（ ） .问题1选项A.read a book while watching television programsB.observe a vast wasteland on televis

50、ionC.watch all the programs of our television stationD.find out why television is good问题2选项A.violenceB.commercialsC.WesternsD.private eyes问题3选项A.cartoons and violence have become trademarksB.there is no childrens news show on televisionC.there is no reading of great literature for childrenD.there ar

51、e not enough good television programs for children问题4选项A.broadcast only popular television programsB.cater to the needs of all the peopleC.broadcast both Westerns and symphoniesD.entertain people only问题5选项A.cater to the nations whimsB.provide best programs in prime evening freeC.broadcast news progr

52、ams, at six in the morningD.serve the nations needs all the time【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“I invite you to sit down in front of your television.I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland.”可知，选项B符合原文。2.根据第一段的倒数第四句“And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend.”可知，最让作

53、者不舒服的是没完没了的广告，所以选项B正确。3.根据第二段倒数第三句“There are some fine childrens shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence.”有一些不错的儿童节目，但是它们被大量的卡通和暴力所淹没。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为“You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives.”电视节目应该提

54、供更广泛的选择，以此来迎合所有人的需要。所以选项B正确。5.最后一段“It is not enough to cater to the nations whimsyou must also serve the nations needs.”仅仅满足民众的愿望是不够的，你还必须满足所有民众的需要。由此可知，选项D符合原文。19. 单选题He（ ） himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.问题1选项A.repealedB.resentedC.replayedD.reproached【答案】D【解析】reproach sb. for sth.为某事斥责某人。句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题I （ ）you that the goods will be delivered next week.问题1选项A.insistB.confirmC.assureD.ensure【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。sb. confirm that证实.；assure sb. that.向某人保证.；sb. ensure that.确保某事会发生。选项C更符合语境。