2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解35

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over ones destiny - must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it es

2、pecially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition - if not always their own

3、 then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the bam door after the horses have escaped - with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, Eu

4、ropean travel, BMWs - the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, a

5、cquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply; the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meal in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating par

6、ticipatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its

7、 public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambitio

8、n is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the lef

9、t angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.1. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if （ ）_.2. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is （ ）.3. Some people

10、 do not openly admit they have ambition because （ ）.4. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained （ ）_.问题1选项A.its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB.it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC.its goals are spiritual rather than materialD.it is sha

11、red by the rich and the famous问题2选项A.customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB.too late to check ambition once it has been let outC.dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD.impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition问题3选项A.they think of it as immor

12、alB.their pursuits are not fame or wealthC.ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD.they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible问题4选项A.secretly and vigorouslyB.openly and enthusiasticallyC.easily and momentarilyD.verbally and spiritually【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，

13、“If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over ones destiny - must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf.”，可知如果要正确看待雄心壮志，那么它所带来的健康、名望和对自己命运所带来的回报，就必须被认为是值得曾经的付出的。可判断出抱负只有在回报很好地补偿了付出的时候，才得以正确看待。选项A符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“There is heavy

14、 note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the bam door after the horses have escaped - with the educated themselves riding on them.”，可知作者打了个比方，这种做法带有浓重的虚伪色彩，就像在马儿逃跑后关上门，而受过良好教育的人却偷偷将马骑出去。用来比喻在实现抱负之后却否认隐藏自己的雄心壮志。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to the

15、ir dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.”，可知现在的情况是，人们不能像以前那样轻易、公开地承认自己的梦想，以免被认为是将近的、贪婪的和庸俗的。可判断出有些人不公开承认他们有野心，是因为他们不想显得贪婪和可鄙。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual

16、, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.”，可知左派是愤怒的批评者，右派是愚蠢的支持者，而中间派则像往常一样，是大多数认真的人，努力在生活中出人头地。可推断出作者认为我们不应该暗地批评，也不能愚昧地支持，而是应该以公开热情的态度对待抱负。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Employees are （ ）to join the companys pension plan after a years service.问题1选项A.compelledB.acquiredC.respondedD.rejected【答案】A【解析】

17、动词词义辨析。compel “强迫，迫使”；acquire “获得”；respond “回应”；reject “拒绝”。句意：雇员被强制要求在工作一年后，必须参加公司的养老金计划。选项A符合题意。3. 翻译题今诸生学于太学(the Imperial College)，县官(the royal court)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵诗书，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(Directors of Studies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5

18、分)人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实 的世界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底， 使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢， 更具有分析性的。但这种方

19、法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）【答案】Nowadays many students pursue an education in the Imperial College, they wouldnt need to worry about starvation and coldness as the royal court would offer them everyday food for free and

20、 parents your seasonal clothes. Without going outside, they just sit in the comfortable room and read the classic poems and historical books. With Directors of Studies and Mr. Knowledge being their teachers, all of their questions and inquiries will be solved. The College has such a sufficient colle

21、ction of books that they neednt make handwritten copies after borrowing books from others like I did before. If they make no achievement in their study and fail to be a person of high virtue, it doesnt result from their learning ability but their less devotion. It is their own fault.People fight for

22、 dreams just the same as for wealth. Dreams come into the reality world from a fantasy one, and become a kind of real force in our lives. No matter how puzzling they may seem, dreams hide in our inner hearts so that we could ever find no peace in our minds until they become reality. Like seeds deep

23、underground, dreams sprout and grow to find the sun.It is the best time now to study on human similarities in cross-culture and multi-culture aspects. No more differences. Emphasizing the differences keeps us away from each other and suspects each other for a long time. Deepening our divergences wou

24、ld result in, to some extremes, our doubts to everybody, and make our human nature lost, we might end up with cruel killing among us.Rather than being quick and of great insight, the forensic scientists work remains slow and analytic. The high quality and carefulness of this method, however, could b

25、e shown on the following facts. Only a few cases would actually come to trial. The defendants are often convinced by the forensic evidence presented in the pre-trials, which are scientific and important enough to establish their guilt, and commit to crimes before trials. admit their crimes before tr

26、ials.4. 单选题Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to （ ）the impact of the oil spill.问题1选项A.rejectB.belittleC.minimizeD.reclaim【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE动词词义辨析。reject “拒绝”；belittle “轻视，贬低”；minimize “最小化”；reclaim “开拓，回收利用”。句意：环保人士正在尽其所能将石油泄漏的影响

27、降到最低。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the Bush （ ） appears determined to attack Iraq.问题1选项A.governmentB.administrationC.cabinetD.registration【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。government “政府”；administration “管理，行政”；cabinet “内阁”；registration “登记，注册”。句意：油价也是一个很大的风险，主要是因为布什政府似乎决意要攻打伊拉克。选项B符合

28、题意。6. 单选题Movie directors use music to （ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染，弄脏”；compliment “恭维，称赞”；contemplate “沉思，注视”；complement “补足，补助”。句意：电影导演运用音乐去补充屏幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Englands team, who are now superbly fit will be d

29、oing their best next week to （ ）themselves for last years defeat.问题1选项A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。revive “复兴，苏醒”；retort “反驳，回嘴”；revenge “复仇”；remedy “补救，治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态非常好，下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利复仇。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题By 1863 the Northern war economy was （ ） in high gear.问题1选项A.rumbling alongB

30、.passing awayC.roamingD.blooming【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。rumbling along “隆隆前进”，pass away “去世，度过时间”；roam “漫步，漫游”；bloom “开发，茂盛”。句意：到1863年，北方战时经济高速发展。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Family disruption has been suggested as a central cause of many troublesome social problems. More than half of the dramatic increase in child poverty

31、in the 1980s （ ） to it.问题1选项A.are contributedB.are contributableC.is attributingD.is attributable【答案】D【解析】语法题。contribute “贡献，出力”；attribute “归因于”。词组attribute to通常用于一般现在时态，选项C可排除。句意：有人认为家庭破裂是许多棘手的社会问题的主要原因。上世纪80年代，儿童贫困的急剧增加，有一半以上的问题要归因于贫困。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that

32、literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsett

33、ling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whet

34、her concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateor the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has p

35、ut forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very long wave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the repor

36、t falls short of classifying ELE fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic or even to lose sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still

37、so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of th

38、e debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon. When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they

39、 are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earths own magnetic field. The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field

40、induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful k

41、inds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such ionizing radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statisti

42、cal associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is f

43、or from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having biased the entire document toward proving a link, “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or pro

44、mote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagons concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based

45、 radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1. The main idea of this passage is （ ）.2. The view-point of the EPA is （ ）.3. Why did the Pentagon and White House object to the release of the report?Because（ ）4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon （ ）.5. What do you

46、think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?问题1选项A.studies on the cause of cancerB.controversial view-points in the cause of cancerC.the relationship between electricity and cancerD.different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer问题2选项A.there is casual link between

47、electricity and cancerB.electricity really affects cancerC.controversialD.low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer问题3选项A.it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B.every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electro

48、nic equipment.C.the Pentagons concern was understandable.D.they had different arguments.问题4选项A.the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B.the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.C.electromagnetic field may affect health

49、.D.only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.问题5选项A.They are indifferent.B.They are worried very much.C.They may exercise prudent avoidance.D.They are shocked.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章开篇就提出了电磁场是否会致癌这个问题，并提出有研究结果表明电磁场会增加患癌的危险性。第二段公布了EPA环保署的报告，认为电磁场与癌症之间存在偶然联系。第

50、三段说明电磁场和癌症之间的关系问题仍然广受争议，需要进一步的研究和证明。下文提出五角大楼和白宫反对电磁场致癌的说法，因为每一个军事单位都依赖于电气设备的使用。纵观全文可知文章的主题主要是关于电磁场对癌症的影响的不同观点的讨论。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence suggests a casual link between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very long wave

51、-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer.”，可知EPA初步得出结论，科学证据表明，低频电磁场(波长非常长的电磁场)与白血病、淋巴瘤和脑癌之间存在偶然的联系。可判断出EPA认为电磁场和癌症之间有偶然的联系。选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based

52、 radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.”，可知从巨大的陆基雷达到战舰和每架飞机内置的防御系统，现代军队几乎每个单位都会用到电子设备，由此可知他们相信电磁场不会诱发癌症。可判断出五角大楼和白宫反对公布这份报告的原因在于现代军队的每一个单位都依赖于某种电子设备的大量使用。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第四段，“When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that

53、 exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak.”，可知当电流通过导线时，它会产生一个电磁场，对周围的物体施加压力。多年来，科学家们一直否认这种力可能是有害的，主要是因为它们非常微弱。可判断出从这个物理现象可知因为电磁场太弱了，所以没有害处。选项A符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“T

54、he report is no reason to panic or even to lose sleepBut now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.”，可知这个争论是会让人恐慌，但是现在没有人能否认，这个问题必须认真对待，需要更多的研究。可判断出人们还是会保持警惕的态度，会有意小心地避开电磁场。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题The life story of the human species goes back a million y

55、ears, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hemisphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal habitation uncovered in-Worth and South America has antiquity comparable to that of old World sites. Mans occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of

56、years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 years.Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the pla

57、usible idea that the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait)Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also

58、 shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologists embraced the idea that man walked dry-hoed from Asia to America.Toward the end of thy/last c

59、entury, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America. These findings were ne

60、ither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and

61、most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animals forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it. Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals woul

62、d require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.1.The movement of plants and animals from Asia to America indicates （ ）.2.The author is refuting the notion that （ ）.3.By using the words “boxed the compass” (in Line 7) the author implies that （ ）.4.One reason for the migration

63、not mentioned by the author is （ ）.5.We may assume that in tile paragraph that follows this passage the author argues about （ ）.问题1选项A.that they could not have traveled across the Bering StraitB.that Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land massC.that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one timeD.that migration was in the one direction only问题2选项A.life arose in America independently of life in EuropeB.the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth centuryC.a large continent once existed which has disappearedD.man was a host to animals and plants问题3选项