2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷85（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile networks. It is a store and forward way of transmitting messages to and from mobiles. The message (text only) from the sending mobile is stored in s central short message center which then forwards it to the destination mobile. This means that in the case that the recipient is not available; the short message is stored and can be sent later. Each short message can be no longer than 160 characters. These characters can be text or binary Non-Text Short messages. An interesting feature of SMS is return receipts. This means that the sender, if wishes, can get a small message notifying if the short message was delivered to the intended recipient.【答案】短信服务是通过移动网络来传送短消息的机制。它是一种在手机间储存和发送信息的途径。发送手机所传来的信息（纯文本）被储存于中央短消息中心，然后这个中心将它转发到目标手机。也就是说，在这种情况下，收件人收不到消息。短消息是先被储存后再被发送。每条短信可能不超过160个字符。这些字符可以是文本，或是二进制非文本消息。短信有趣的地方在于有回执。就是说，如果收件人成功收到短信，那么发件人就会收到一条提醒通知。2. 单选题He has brought forward conclusive evidence, which for further dispute.问题1选项A.makes roomB.leaves no roomC.spares no effortsD.takes no pains【答案】B【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项makes room为留出空间；B选项leaves no room没有空间；没有余地；C选项spares no efforts不遗余力；D选项takes no pains没有费力气，没有痛苦。根据前文可知，他已经列举出了确凿的证据，没有必要进一步争论。因此，正确答案为B项。3. 单选题I understand preparation that staff must put in under pressure oto meet the deadline.问题1选项A.more than the enormous amount ofB.better than most the enormous number ofC.better than most the enormous amount ofD.fewer than the number of【答案】C【解析】考查常用表达。understand better than表示“对非常理解”。A选项more than the enormous amount of 比大多数多；B选项better than most the enormous number of 比大多数好，后接可数名词；C选项better than most the enormous amount of比大多数好，后接不可数名词；D选项fewer than the number of 比数量少；其中，preparation是不可数名词，故本题正确答案为C项。4. 单选题The court considers a financial _to be an appropriate way of punishing him.问题1选项A.optionB.obsessionC.obligationD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项option“选择”；B选项obsession“痴迷，着魔，困扰”；C选项obligation“义务，责任”；D选项penalty“惩罚”。根据punishing him可知D选项符合语义。句意：法院认为经济处罚是惩罚他的适当方式。5. 单选题There are many good bakeries in Milltown; in fact, the baking industry is（）.问题1选项A.adhesiveB.flourishingC.incidentalD.accommodating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过There are many good bakeries in Milltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”；B选项为“繁荣的；盛行的”；C选项为“附属的；偶然的；伴随发生的”；D选项为“乐于助人的；可通融的；随和的”。因此，B选项更符合题意。6. 单选题The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their language learning. SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning. Due to the complexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework. Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted. 1. Which of the following is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics?2. Which of the following is correct?3. Which of the following is correct?4. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted because_.5. Which of the following will serve as the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.The distinction between second and foreign language learning.B.The second language.C.The foreign language.D.Second language acquisition.问题2选项A.SLA research examines second language learning, some foreign, third or fourth language learning.B.SLA research examines second language learning, any foreign, third or fourth language learning.C.SLA research examines foreign language learning.D.SLA research examines first language learning.问题3选项A.Additional language and foreign language learning should be treated in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.Additional language and foreign language learning should not be treated in the same second language acquisition framework.C.Additional language and foreign language learning have been treated differently in second language acquisition frameworkD.Additional language and foreign language learning have not been treated in different second language acquisition framework问题4选项A.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in different second language acquisition framework.C.learning a third language is necessarily the same as learning a second language.D.learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language问题5选项A.Inside SLAB.Outside SLAC.Future of SLAD.The third language and SLA【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章中的The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their language learning.（第二语言和外语学习之间的区别在于第二语言习得领域可能导致困惑，第二语言习得是应用语言学的一个分支学科，旨在了解人们如何学习第二语言以及影响他们语言学习的因素）可知选D。2.细节事实题。由文章中的SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning.（第二语习得研究不仅研究第二语言学习，而且也研究任何外语、第三或第四语言学习）可知选B。3.细节事实题。由文章中的Due to the complexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework.（由于语言学习的复杂性，我们发现第二语习得著作通常把在同样的第二语言习得框架里讨论第二语言和外语学习）可知D选项“第二语言和外语学习一直没有在不同的的第二语言习得框架里讨论”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章中的Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language.（当然，我们知道学习第三语言并不一定等同于学习第二语言）可知D选项“学习第三语言不一定等于学习第二语言”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了第二语言习得（SLA）研究的内容与目的，根据文章最后一句A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted.（随着研究的深入，第三语言或第四语言习得的理论框架将逐渐形成）可知C选项“第二语言习得的未来”符合题意。7. 单选题More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to complete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance its import and export trade.French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely though the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 per cent of workers income. Wages, it is true, had risen and there was full-time and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.1. According to the passage, the French workers were（）.2. Rene Coty and Charles Deschanel were both interested in（）.3. The French government was reluctant to let the workers leave the country because（）.4. Rents in France（）.5. According to the passage, the French government（）.问题1选项A.better paid than the workers in any other European countries.B.able to save more money with the increase in their wages.C.anxious to work abroad.D.often unable to find work in France.问题2选项A.better quality in productionB.increasing quantity in productionC.having the government raise tariffs on foreign importsD.eliminating unions in France问题3选项A.it would enlarge the working forceB.it would hinder the improvement of quality in industrial productionC.it would hinder the increase in quantity of exportsD.it would damage the imports问题4选项A.were extremely highB.were extremely controlledC.took as much as 80 percent of the workers incomeD.had doubled in two years问题5选项A.prohibited French to work abroadB.reduced taxes to fight inflationC.paid family allowances and benefitsD.prohibited the French workers to join labor unions【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章的第二段：In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.可知：在这种不稳定和令人沮丧的情况下，法国工人想出国工作以获得高薪。因此，C项anxious to work abroad“渴望出国工作”正确。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段More attention was paid to me quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production.可知：Rene Coty在位期间，法国很关注产品质量，而时任财政部长的Charles Deschanel更是坚持产品的质量比数量更为重要。因此，A项正确。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced.可知：如果工人们去国外打工，可能会影响本国产品质量的提升。所以，政府不希望工人们离开法国去国外工作。因此，B项正确。4.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中部Rents were tightly controlled可知：租金被严格地控制着。因此，B项正确。5.推理判断题。由文章第三段 The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this immigration of workers would deplete the labor force.可知：政府担心移民会削弱本国劳动力，所以不愿意让工人离开法国，出国工作。因此，正确答案为A选项。8. 单选题Never before（）as rapidly, as during the last three decades.问题1选项A.communications have developedB.have communications developedC.have developed communicationsD.developed communications【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。句意：沟通交流从未像过去30年这样发展迅速。否定词never置于句首，句子后半部分需要进行部分倒装。因此，需要将“have”提前，即正确答案为B项。9. 单选题In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed _in Chicago and New York City.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项homogeneously“同质地，同类地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；D选项harmoniously“和谐地”。根据 Chicago and New York City可推测在过去的十年时间里，高楼大厦应是同时在这两个城市耸立，因此选B。句意：在过去的十年里，芝加哥和纽约的高楼大楼同时耸立起来。10. 单选题“John's （）was irritating. He was reluctant even to buy bread”问题1选项A.jealousyB.sorenessC.luckD.parsimony【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后半句He was reluctant even to buy bread.（他甚至连买个面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相当吝啬。A选项为“嫉妒”；B选项为“悲伤，痛苦”；C选项为“幸运”；D项“吝啬的，过度节俭”，因此，D项是正确答案。11. 单选题According to a senior official there has been no about the measures. There is complete consensus among.问题1选项A.contraryB.contradictingC.controversyD.contradictor【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contrary n.相反，反面；B选项contradiction n.矛盾，反驳；C选项controversy n.争论，论战；D选项contradictory n.对立物，矛盾因素。根据后文“There is complete consensus among.”可知，所有参议员的意见都是一致的，没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。12. 单选题A budget of five dollars a day is totally_for a trip round Europe.问题1选项A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。13. 单选题We must look beyond_and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.问题1选项A.justificationsB.illusionsC.manifestationsD.specifications【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justification“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。14. 单选题I wouldnt_to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。15. 单选题There is no doubt_the company has made the right decision on the sales project.问题1选项A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。doubt后面的that为同位语从句的引导词，修饰doubt。doubt引导的主从复合句中，用否定式时后面的引导词只能是that。相反如果doubt引导肯定意义的主从复合句中，引导词要用whether。句意：毫无疑问，公司对销售项目的决定是正确的。16. 单选题Be careful; this patients disease is（）.问题1选项A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项为“意气相投的；一致的”；B选项为“易相处的；可理解的”；C选项为“义务的；必须的；强制性的”；D选项为“传染性的；会蔓延的”。根据所修饰名词disease疾病可知，D项为正确答案。17. 单选题The king's daughter threatened to drink the chemical if he refused her request.问题1选项A.deadlyB.deathlyC.fatalD.mortal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国王的女儿威胁国王说，如果不同意她的要求，就喝下毒药。A选项deadly adj.致命地，非常地，表示致死的可能性极大，用于能引起死亡的事物，如：a deadly disease是通常会致死的疾病。B选项deathly adj.死一般的，让人想到死亡的，如：a deathly silence死一般的寂静。fatal强调命运或必然性，用来形容导致毁灭，灾难，死亡的潜在或实际原因。在预测未来时，多用fatal。而mortal 是死亡已经发生或一定会发生，因此该词只用于事实上已经引起死亡或即将引起死亡的事物。此处是表示“致命的东西”，因此，A项是正确答案。18. 单选题I think that I committed a_in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项blunder“愚蠢(或粗心)的错误”；B选项revenge“报仇，报复”；C选项reproach“责备，责骂”；D选项scandal“丑闻，丑行”。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知A选项符合语义。句意：我想我问她的时候犯了个错误，因为她似乎对我的问题很不高兴。19. 单选题They were_in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.问题1选项A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项submerge“淹没”；B选项drown“淹没，溺死”；C选项immerse“使浸没于，(使)深陷于，沉浸在”；D选项dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。be immersed in为固定搭配，表示“专心(埋头)于”。句意：他们沉浸在科学研究中，不知道实验室外发生了什么。20. 单选题Judicious praise is（）the sun is to flowers.问题1选项A.like children toB.as children asC.to children whatD.that children with【答案】C【解析】考查常用句型。句型“A to B is what C to D” 表示A对于B就像C对于D一样。句意：对孩子公正的评价就宛如阳光对花朵的照耀一般。因此，C项为正确答案。