2022-2023年考博英语-中国地质大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第14期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国地质大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Since the data from the experiments are not easy to be analysed, it will be several weeks before we know whether we are free to proceed with the second part of our research program.问题1选项A.fromB.are not easyC.to be analysedD.free to proceed with【答案】B【解析】语法错误。主谓不一致。are改成is。主语the data为单数，故系动词应该用is。2. 填空题Earthquakes are natural shakings within the earths crust. They show that crustal movements are still taking （1）on our planet today, （2）on the Moon, which appears to have no such activity. Seismometers enable geologists to（3） the intensity of quakes. Much of China is seismically active, with the most （4）recent earthquake having occurred in 2008, in Sichuan（5） .【答案】place; unlike, measure; serious: province【解析】句意: 地震是地球地壳内的正常震动。他们发现地壳运动在我们今天的星球上仍在发生，不像月球上，貌似没有这样的运动。测振仪能够使地质学家测量震动的强度。中国大部分地区地质活跃，最近最严重（破坏力最大）的一次地震发生在2008年的四川。1.固定搭配。take place 发生。2.语义题。句意: 不像月球上，貌似没有这样的运动。故填unlike。3.语义题。根据前面的seismometers (测振仪)推测此处填measure(测量)。4.语义题。句意: 中国大部分地区地质活跃，最近最严重的一次地 震发生在2008年的四川。故填serious。5.语义题。根据Sichuan推测此处填province。3. 填空题Im sorry, but I dont have（1 ） to that sort of information. Perhaps if you consult my colleagues upstairs, they can （2）you.【答案】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 1.access;2.help【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空为固定用法, have access to 有权查看或使用。2.语义题。第二空应填一个动词原形，句意:如果你咨询我同事,他们会帮助你。此处填入help “帮助”符合句意。4. 填空题The radio isnt loud（1 ） . Could you turn it （2）please?【答案】enough; up【解析】1.语义题。句意: 收音机的声音还不够大。请你调大一点，可以吗？此空应填一个后置定语,故填enough符合句意。2.固定搭配。Turn up 调大音量。5. 单选题The students listening to the pompous officials long speech were soon very boring; no doubt many of them had their minds more on what was for lunch than on what he was saying.问题1选项A.wereB.very boringC.had their mindsD.on what was for lunch than onE.没有问题【答案】B【解析】形容词误用。boring改为bored。 boring 令人厌烦的。bored 感到无聊的。6. 填空题I went to see a movie last night. The film was a British comedy that had been（1） to me by a number of my friends. It turned （2）to bejust as funny as theyd said it would be. I（3） so hard that there weretears in my eyes, especially at the climax toward the end. The film is without （4）the funniest that Ive ever seen. When you get a（5） , youshould see it （6）.句意:昨晚我去看了一部电影。这是一部英国喜剧电影，由很多我的朋友向我推荐。它 证明是如他们所说的那样有趣。我笑得那么厉害，以致我的眼泪都出来了，尤其是在 接近尾声的高潮时。这部电影无疑是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。如果你有机会的话， 你也应当去看看。【答案】1.recommended2.out3.laughed4.doubt5.chance6.too【解析】1.语义题。句意：由很多我的朋友推荐。2.固定搭配。turn out证明是，原来是。3.逻辑衔接。由后面的关键词“ .the funniest that Ive ever seen是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。”可推知这里指“笑得厉害到眼泪都出来了”。4.固定搭配。without doubt 毫无疑问。5.逻辑衔接。句意为：若有机会，你也应当去看看。6.语义题。句意: 若有机会，你也应当去看看。7. 填空题John has a great voice, but with that cold he won't （  ）very good if he tries to sing.【答案】 sound【解析】语法分析。考查系动词。he wont very good是个主系表结构，空白处应填入一个系动词, 此处填sound合适。8. 单选题Later on, in the bar our European acquaintance commented that we were indeed considerably better off than the local people - though perhaps not three times as well off, which is what the difference in room prices suggested.问题1选项A.Later onB.considerably better offC.not three times as wellD.difference in room prices suggested.E.没有错误【答案】D【解析】语法题。时态错误。Suggested改为Suggests。Which is what the difference in room prices suggested,这是一个定语从句,其中又有一个表语从句。定语从句中的系动词is是一般现在时,因此表语从句中的谓语动词也应该为现在时,即suggests。9. 填空题Liz didnt tell her friends that she was ill, so as a result （1）of them came to see her（2 ） she was in the hospital.【答案】1.none2.when【解析】1.语义题。None表示 “没有一个”。2.语义题。When 当的时候。10. 填空题 I wish that John would write more （  ）. I can never read his notes and letters【答案】clearly【解析】语义题。句意: 我希望John写字更清楚些, 我看不懂他的笔记和信件。这里需要填一个副词,修饰wirte(写)。11. 单选题1. For more than 50 years microbiologist in the US and Europe have warned against using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals. The practice, they argue, threatens human health by turning farms into breeding grounds of drug-resistant bacteria. Farmers responded that restricting antibiotics in livestock would devastate the industry and significantly raise costs to consumers. We now have empirical data that should resolve this debate. Sine 1995 Denmark has enforced progressively tighter rules on the use of antibiotics in the raising of pigs, poultry and other livestock. In the process, it has shown that it is possible to protect human health without hurting farmers.2. Farmers in many countries use antibiotics in two key ways: (1) at full strength to treat animals that are sick and (2) in low doses to fatten meat-producing livestock or to prevent veterinary illnesses. (It is illegal in the US to sell milk for human consumption from dairy cattle treated with antibiotics.） Although even the proper use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low or "sub-therapeutic" dose is a formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria. The germs that survive are typically those that happen to bear genetic mutations for resisting the antibiotic. They then reproduce and exchange genes with other microbial resisters. Because bacteria are found literally everywhere, resistant strains produced in animals eventually find their way into people as well. You could hardly design a better system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic resistance.3. The data from multiple studies over the years support the conclusion that low doses of antibiotics in animals increase the number of drug-resistant microbes in both animals and people. As Joshua M. Scharfstein, a principal deputy commissioner at the Food and Drug Administration, told a US congressional subcommittee last summer, "You actually can trace the specific bacteria around and .find that the resistant strains in humans match the resistant strains in the animals." And this science is what led Denmark to stop sub-therapeutic dosinof chickens, pigs and other farm animals.4. Although the transition unfolded smoothly in the poultry industry, the average weight of pigs fell in the first year. But after Danish farmers started leaving sows and piglets together a few weeks longer to bolster the littennates* immune systems naturally, the animals weights jumped back up, and the number of pigs per litter increased as well. The lesson is that improving animal husbandry making sure that pens, stalls and cages are properly cleaned and giving animals more room or time to mature -offsets the initial negative impact of limiting antibiotic use. Today Danish industry reports that productivity is higher than before. Meanwhile reports of antibiotic resistance in Danish people are mixed, which shows as if we needed reminding that there are no quick fixes.5. Lest anyone argue that Denmark is too small to offer a reasonable parallel to the US, consider that it is the world's largest exporter of pork. Like US farmers, Danes raise pigs on an intensive, industrial scale. If they can figure out how to limit antibiotic use while actually increasing agricultural productivity, then so can Americans. The American Medical Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Public Health Association, a previous FDA commissioner and many others have advised the US to follow suit. Last year the FDA published new guidelines calling for judicious use" of antibiotics. Yet it ultimately left the decision on exactly when and where to use antibiotics up to individual farmers. That laissez-faire standard is not good enough, particularly when the health of the rest of the population is at stake.6. Of course, the way veterinary antibiotics are used is not the only cause of human drug-resistant infections. Careless use of the drugs in people also contributes to the problem. But agricultural use is still a major contributing factor. Every day that passes brings new evidence that we are in danger of losing effective antibiotic protection against many of the most dangerous bacteria that cause human illness. The technical issues are solvable. Denmark's example proves that it is possible to cut antibiotic use on farms without triggering financial disaster. In fact, it might provide a competitive advantage. Stronger measures to deprive drug-resistant bacteria of their agricultural breeding grounds simply make scientific, economic and common sense.1.This article（  ） .2.Over the last half-century, many Western scientists have expressed concern about the consequences of（  ） .3.The word inadvertently in paragraph 2 means（  ） .4.The tone of the final sentence in paragraph 2 is（  ） .5.When the Danish authorities ordered farmers to cease giving low doses of antibiotics to their farm animals （  ）.6.According to the article, the Danish governments decision in 1995 to limit the use of antibiotics by farmers（  ） .7.The author argues that（  ） .问题1选项A.was probably written primarily for microbiologistsB.is a straight forward account of recent advances in the use of antibioticsC.is mainly a critical account of actions taken by Danish and US farmersD.seems intended to contribute to an ongoing debate问题2选项A.using antibiotics to treat human diseasesB.giving antibiotics to farm animalsC.using antibiotics to speed up weight gain in young farm animalsD.resistance to the use of antibiotics among farmers raising animals问题3选项A.by designB.the opposite of by designC.deliberatelyD.unfortunately问题4选项A.threateningB.ironicC.reassuringD.neutral问题5选项A.the farmers refused to cooperate with the governmentB.all of the animals took longer to put on weightC.young pigs gained less weight in their first yearD.productivity quickly began to rise问题6选项A.has led to healthier chickens but to less healthy pigsB.has provoked concern among Danish farmers about long-term productivity problemsC.has significantly improved the health of human being as well as of farm animalsD.has not yet led to an indisputable drop in antibiotic resistance among human beings问题7选项A.a small country like Denmark is a questionable model for larger societiesB.the experience of the Danish pork industry is quite applicable to animal husbandry in other larger countriesC.the US is actually the only other country that can benefit from Danish experience, at least at presentD.American pig farmers are very unlikely to accept government-imposed limits on their use of antibiotics【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:D第7题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先提出了美国和欧洲国家存 在的一个争议话题“微生物学家提出不能在畜牧业方面使用抗生素，但农民群体却回应说停止使抗生素将会给畜牧行业带来灾难性后果”，随后文章围绕“抗生素使用的危害”以及“在畜牧行业停止使抗生素能否避免产生灾难性后果”这两方面的问题展 开，因此可以推知文章主要是针对在畜牧业方面使用抗生素所引发的争论，故答案为D (似乎有助于现下的讨论)。2.细节事实题。第一段: For more than 50 years microbiologist in the US and Europe have warned against using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals. The practice, they argue, threatens human health by turning fams into breeding grounds of drug-resistant bacteria (在过去的50年里，美国和欧洲国家的微生物学家警示说不能 通过使用抗生素来增加家畜的重量。这种行为相当于是将农场变成了耐药菌的温床，从而对人类健康构成威胁)。因此科学家担心的是使用抗生素加速增加幼年家畜体重所带来的后果。3.词义题。根据题干定位至第二段: Although even the proper use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low or "sub-therapeutic" dose is a formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria。主句句意为: 习惯性地使用少剂量的抗生素也会导致灾难性后果：使用的抗生素的确能够杀死细菌， 但只是一部分。而且主从句之间为让步关系, 因此推测从句句意为: 虽然抗生素 的合理使用只会在无意之中导致耐药菌的传播。因此选B “无意地”。4.态度方向题。第二段最后一句: You could hardly design a better system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic resistance。字面意思是“在保证抗生素抗药性的传播方面，你几乎不 能找到更好的方式了”，实际意思是说当前抗生素使用现状为耐药菌的传播提供了最好的条件，故这句是一个反语，答案选项为B。5.细节事实题。第四段: Although the transition unfolded smoothly in the poultiy industry, the average weight of pigs fell in the first year (虽然这一转变在制药业顺利展开，但猪的平均体重在第一年就下降了)。故选C。6.细节事实题。第四段: Today Danish industry reports that productivity is higher than before. Meanwhile reports of antibiotic resistance in Danish people are mixed, which shows as if we needed reminding that there are no quick fixes (现如今丹麦工业报告说生产率比以前高。与此同时，丹麦人对抗生素耐药性的报告也不尽相同，这表明似乎我们需要提醒没有捷径可走)。由此看出丹麦政府限制农民使用抗生素并不能在降低人的抗生素抗药性方面取得明显效果, 故选D。7.态度方向题。第五段: Like US farmers，Danes raise pigs on an intensive, industrial scale. If they can figure out how to limit antibiotic use while actually increasing agricultural productivity, then so can Americans (和美国的农民一样，丹麦人也是以集中、规模化的方式饲养猪。如果丹麦人能够保证在限制抗生素使用的同时提高农业生产力，那么美国人也应该能够做到), 由此推断作者认为丹麦在猪肉行业的经验是适用于其他大国的畜牧业的。故选B。12. 单选题Im sure youll agree that when a person is as ambitious as Li Fei, no one can stop him to achieve his career objectives.问题1选项A.youll agree thatB.when a personC.canD.to achieveE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】固定短语误用。to achieve改为from achieving。stop sb. to do sth. 让某人停下来去做另一件事。stop sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事。这里表示 "阻止他实现职业目标"。13. 填空题Were（1） a lot of trouble（2） our new TV set. We only （3）it last month, but we already need to call a repairman to fix it. I （4）that the set is as good as we were told it was in the store. My wife （5）me not to trust that salesman!【答案】1.having2.with3.bought4.doubt5.told【解析】1.固定搭配。Have trouble with 在某方面有麻烦/困难2.固定搭配。3.语义题。句意:我们上个月才买的。4.语义题。doubt 怀疑。5.语义题。Tell 告诉。Told在这里暗含 “警告”之意。14. 填空题This afternoon were meeting with（1） E.U. environmental official and some Australian specialists to talk about how to（2） groundwater pollution in the Tianjin area.【答案】1.an2.prevent【解析】1.语法题。考查不定冠词。第一个空格后的“official官员”为单数知第一个空格应填一个不定冠词a 或an,再由EU的发音“，i: 'ju:"中第一个字母为元音发音知第一个空应填“an”。2.语义题。句意: 探讨天津地区地下水污染防治对策15. 填空题（1）more money I simply don't see how we can continue this project. Let's all put our heads together and think of possible （2 ）of emergency funding.【答案】1.without;2. sources【解析】1.语义题。句意: 我不知道我们这个项目该如何继续, 由此可知该空应填入介词without。表示 “没有更多的钱”。2.语义题。第二空前为形容词possible,所以缺一个名词，由关键信息emergency funding “紧急专项资金”可知sources “来源”符合句意。16. 单选题I reminded him that we had asked for an ordinary room, not a special room, and when I inquired what is unusual about our room, he seemed not to want to answer.问题1选项A.had asked for an ordinary room ，notB.inquired whatC.unusual aboutD.seemed not to wantE.没有错误【答案】C【解析】形容词误用。将unusual改为special。句意:我提醒他,我们要求入住的是普通间,而不是专用房，并且，当我询问我们的房间有什么特殊时,他似乎不想回答。unusual 不寻常的；不平常的。special特别的；专门的。17. 填空题I have no（1） who lives in that grey three-story house（2） the road. I see lights on in the windows most evenings, but I have never see （3）going in or out.【答案】1.idea;2.across;3.anyone【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空是固定用法have no idea 不知道。2.介词辨析。第二空应填入介词,后面说I see lights on in the windows,由此可知观察者能看见那栋房子的方位, 故填across。3.语义题。第三空应填入宾语。前面是否定词never,因此填anyone。18. 单选题In his lecture, Prof Mendez reviewed the evidences for the altered view of the plate boundary between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau that is now gaining ground among  European geologist问题1选项A.reviewed theB.evidences for the altered viewC.that is nowD.gaining groundE.没有错误【答案】B【解析】名词误用。evidences去掉s。evidence在句中表示 "证据", 为不可数名词。19. 单选题When I approached the British embassy to apply a visa to work on a design project in Aberdeen, I hardly expected that it would take six months to obtain one.问题1选项A.to apply a visa to workB.on a design projectC.hardlyD.that it would take six months toE.没有错误【答案】A【解析】动词误用。动词apply为不及物动词, 后面接宾语时应加介词for。Apply for 申请。20. 单选题Should I receive any messages while I am in the meeting, kindly hold them for me till after the oil company representatives have left.问题1选项A.ShouldB.while I am in the meetingC.kindly hold them forD.oil company representatives have leftE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】语法题。名词所有格漏用。应改为oil companys representatives have left.