2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题32（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题（ ）, over the months, we began to get to know him.问题1选项A.Once in a whileB.From time to timeC.Every now and thenD.Little by little【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。once in a while“偶尔，有时”；from time to time“不时，有时”；every now and then“不时地，常常”；little by little“渐渐，逐渐地”。句意：经过几个月时间，我们渐渐地了解了他。由over the months,以及began to know可知D项“渐渐地”符合题意。2. 单选题Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer. 34. The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they dont bother trying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs for the benefit of others, and they rarely take time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we don't know about the shape of things to come. "That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry," says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into peoples lives. She points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”，so “capable”，so “human”，affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances （细微差距）and textured relationships with the computers as they can with people.” Turkle points out.1. The passage tells about（ ）.2. According to Prof. Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers strange behavior is（ ）.3. In Prof. Dertouzos opinion, we know that（ ）.4. The phrase “to develop an identity” （Para.4） means （ ）.5. The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.the strange behavior of the computer hackersB.the ultimate importance of bringing lip computer hackersC.different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenonD.the emergence of computer hackers问题2选项A.their strong desire to control the computerB.their ignorance of the responsibility of a programmerC.their incompetence in making new computer programsD.their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable问题3选项A.computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersB.the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenC.the hackers probably have better insight into the future than other peopleD.only a few hackers will be successful in their later life问题4选项A.to become distinguishedB.to seek an answerC.to build up a creative abilityD.to form a habit问题5选项A.perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allB.though the hackers are in fact playing with the computer, there may be some benefitsC.the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrowD.the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidance【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了不同人士（Joseph，电脑老师等）对黑客的看法，故C项正确。2.推理判断题。由“When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. 从这个角度来看，黑客现象也许并没有那么奇怪。可知该题答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段But perhaps those hackers know something that we don't know about the shape of things to come. "That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry," says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。麻省理工学院教授迈克尔德图佐斯表示: “在麻省理工学院，那个曾经不得不被人从椅子上拽下来的黑客，如今已成为计算机行业的千万富翁。”两位前黑客成为了非常成功的苹果家用电脑公司的创始人。”可知这些黑客都成为了计算机行业的顶级成功人士，他们都是想控制电脑。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“But perhaps those hackers know something that we don't know about the shape of things to come. 但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。”可知C项“这些黑客可能对于未来比其他人有更好的洞察力”正确。4.词义题。由第四段“She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not. 她说，电脑和电脑玩具已经在孩子们努力发展特性的过程中发挥了重要作用，因为它们可以让孩子们测试关于什么是有生命的想法。故to develop an identity是指孩子通过寻找答案来发展自己的特性。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。作者在本文提到了黑客有着与普通人不一样的洞察力，他们会把程序编得很复杂，目的只是为了控制电脑。并且文中提到了不少黑客已经成为计算机行业的顶级成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客与大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描绘的黑客形象并没有那么恶劣。故A项正确。3. 单选题The former president is to verify at a human rights court heating cases of atrocities.问题1选项A.testifyB.provideC.conformD.supply【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。testify证明，证实；provide提供；conform使遵守，使一致；supply提供。句意：这位前总统将在人权法庭对暴行案件进行核实。故A项正确。4. 单选题Here you may select the one which is most to your taste, and you are even allowed to（ ）them before coming to a decision.问题1选项A.auctionB.sampleC.enforceD.wrap【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；sample“品尝，体验”；enforce“实施，执行，强迫”；wrap“包，缠绕”。句意：在这里你可以选择最合你口味的，在做决定之前，你甚至可以品尝他们。由“most to your taste”可知这里提及的是一种食物，然后可推知在决定购买之前可以品尝。故B项正确。5. 单选题She made two copies of this poem and posted them（ ） to different publishers.问题1选项A.sensationallyB.simultaneouslyC.strenuouslyD.simply【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。sensational 轰动的、耸人听闻的；simultaneously 同时地；strenuous 紧张的，费力的；simply 简单地。由前半句“她将这首诗复印了两份”以及后半句的“不同的出版商”可推知她同时将两份复印件寄给了不同的出版商。故B项正确。6. 单选题Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by many variables, such as language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.（42）The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment come from the fact that one cannot learn culture -one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?2. According to the author, the business model of Pepsi（ ）.3. To the first school of thought in the business world, （ ）.4. The information in this passage is meant for those（ ）.5. According to Fortune, successful international companies（ ） .问题1选项A.It is impossible for international managers to learn a foreign culture.B.Factual knowledge of culture has to be learned keened through experience.C.One needs both factual and interpretative knowledge of culture in the international marketplace.D.To learn a foreign language well is the first step to deal with the cultural challenge of the international marketplace.问题2选项A.offers a better way to deal with the complicated cultural challengesB.is similar to that of McDonaldsC.does not believe in globalizationD.has overcome cultural differences in business问题3选项A.doing business is like an organ transplantB.different policies should be set up in different countriesC.business is business the world aroundD.people who believe in the second school of thought have myopia问题4选项A.who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB.who have friends or relative living abroadC.who want to travel or study abroadD.who want to do business in other countries问题5选项A.earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseasB.follow simpler rules in their business operationC.all have the quality of patienceD.all have connections overseas【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture.为了适应这一体系，一个国际经理需要事实知识和解释性知识。可知C项“在国际市场中，一个人既需要事实知识，也需要解释性知识。”正确。A项“国际经理不可能学习外国文化”文中没有提到；B项“文化中的事实知识需要从经验中获得”与“To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience. 在某种程度上，事实知识是可以学习的;它的解释只来自于经验。”不符；D项文中未提到。故C项正确。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词Pepsi定位到第二段One is that business is business the world around following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. 一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。由此可知百事和麦当劳的商业模式相似。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段One is that business is business the world around following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. 一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。可知C项正确。4.意图题。文章开篇就提到了在国际市场上，国际经理应该具备的知识。最后一段也提及了成功的国际公司应有的品质及遵循的原则。所以本文信息主要对与其他国家做生意的人有用。故D项正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. 国际上成功的公司都有一个重要的品质:耐心。”故C项正确。7. 翻译题六十整岁望七十如攀高山。不料七十岁居然过了。七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金，不愁没有一碗饭吃，自由自在，自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。金庸、梁羽生、 克里斯蒂、松本淸张，从前哪能拜读？现在可以了。随看随忘，便仍在一边。无忧无虑，无人打扰，不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。偶尔有人来，不论男女老少认识不认识，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，谈天说地，百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开，激光磁盘便响个不停，滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙，听众逐渐稀少，终于门庭冷落，只剩下一屋子广阔天地,任我独往独来，随意挥洒。【答案】At the age of sixty I longed for a life span of seventy, a goal as difficult as a summit to be reached. Who would expect that I had reached? At the age of seventy I began my retirement, in which I can rely on my old-age pension for a living, free from my burden of the boring routines I used to bear, and lead a life carefree and contended. As for reading I can, now, choose at my own will to thumb through anything to while away the time. I can find time to read anything that I didnt used to, for instance, such time-killers as those created by Jin Yong, Liang Yusheng, Christie and Seicho Matsummoto. I dont have to keep them in mind and quit them as I see fit. There being no worry and disturbance, I need not travel far in my own world so vast. True it is that the most splendid view may be found in old age!Occasionally I had some visitors, male or female, old or young, acquainted and unacquainted. We could chat about everything in the north or in the south, in the space or at the core, related to taboos for us at all. Whenever I broke the ice I began to pour my words, in a flow of eloquence, as continuously as a laser disc. Unfortunately, I was jobless while they were so busy that they almost melted away until few knocks came at the door and the world became vacant again. Now I alone can occupy it and go my own way.8. 单选题The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse”; The brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. A primary case theme of the O.J.Simpson defense was “the police messed up and planted evidence.”Themes are simple, brief （one sentence!） statements that capture the essence of your argument. You control the lens through which the facts will be viewed. For a trial lawyer, this is absolutely critical. If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. Whoever controls the definition of the case is inevitably the one with the power.Just as a theme gives the listeners a generalizing principle around which information can be organized, so too does it give you one. The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case theme embodies a lawyer's overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation.A good case theme also greatly enhances your credibility. （41） When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy.1. The case involving two brother killers demonstrates that（ ）.2. The message of this passage is that（ ）.3. A good case theme can prevent（ ）.4. An additional merit of a good case theme is that you may（ ）.5. The last word “wishy-washy” is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.even murders may be excused sometimesB.a well-defined argument can win a difficult caseC.child abusers should be duly punishedD.upholding justice is the most important in court问题2选项A.good lawyers are of critical importance in a lawsuitB.legal procedures sometimes may run out of controlC.murder cases can be manipulated as people wishD.a well-defined focusing point is a key to win a case问题3选项A.the trial lawyer from losing his or her target in defenseB.the opposing side from forming their case themeC.audience from being easily persuadedD.those who have power from controlling the trial问题4选项A.get more informationB.control the opposing sideC.prove your competenceD.trust the jury and the judge问题5选项A.indecisiveB.imaginativeC.inadequateD.illogical【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段 “The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse”; The brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。例如，Erick和Lyle Menendez两兄弟被控谋杀他们的父母，他们的审判主题是“为虐待申辩”;兄弟俩应该得到原谅，因为他们受到了严重的虐待。”该案例中两兄弟杀害父母却得到了原谅，原因是他们被父母严重虐待，由此可知公平在法庭中起非常重要的作用。故D项正确。ABC三项均不能说明该案件体现的道理。2.主旨大意题。第一段开头就提到了The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。接下来的段落都是围绕case theme展开论述。全文主要讲述了一个好的案例主题（焦点）是赢得官司的关键。故D项正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case theme embodies a lawyer's overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation. 伟大的辩护律师强调整体战略和日常战术的必要性。案例主题概括地体现了律师的总体策略，并帮助她组织案例，使她始终紧扣主题，帮助你保持良好的状态，轻松地聚焦于陈述的总体主旨。可知好的案例主题能使辩护律师在辩护时始终聚焦于主题，不会走偏。故A项正确。4.判断推理题。由第二段If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. 如果律师未能确立案件主题，他或她就会给予对方律师优势。更糟糕的是，听众或你试图说服的人会采用你的对手建议的主题。由此可知一个好的案件主题能控制反方。5.词义题。When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought -our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy. 当你建立一个简洁的，易于记忆的案件主题时，你让人们明确地知道我们的观点。这种专一性会增加你的能力和可信度。记住:成功的辩护律师从不优柔寡断。indecisive犹豫不决的；imaginative富于想象力的，具有创造力的；inadequate不充足的；illogical不合逻辑的，不合理的。既然是成功的辩护律师的特点，那应该用褒义词，故先排除CD两项。B项“富有想象力的”不是律师的特点，相反律师是依据事实说话。故A项正确。9. 单选题I was totally mixed up by his（ ） and ambiguous remarks.问题1选项A.ubiquitousB.unsettledC.elusiveD.daring【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous“普遍存在的”;unsettled“未决定的; 怀疑的”; elusive“难懂的；难以捉摸的；易忘的”; daring“大胆的；勇敢的”。句意：我完全被他的难以琢磨的和模棱两可的话搞糊涂了。由连词and可知空格处所填词与ambiguous remarks词义相近，故C项正确。10. 单选题The engineers in this lab spent several weeks（ ）their plans for the new bicycle.问题1选项A.countingB.strippingC.elaboratingD.casting【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。count“计算总数，数数”；strip“剥去，去掉”；elaborate“精心制作，详细阐述”；cast“投，抛”。句意：工程师们在这个实验室里花了数周时间（ ）新自行车计划。能与plans搭配的只有C项“详细说明”。11. 单选题The waves（ ）violently against the shore, people couldn't hear them crying for help.问题1选项A.beatingB.had beatenC.beatD.were beating【答案】A【解析】考查独立主格结构。前后半句的主语不同，分别为the waves和people，故本题考查的独立主格结构，wave与beat之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，A项正确。句意：大浪激烈地拍打海岸，人们不能听到他们呼救的声音。12. 单选题All parent-child relationships demand excellent communication skills, （ ） both parents and children will experience tremendous frustrations in family life.问题1选项A.and thusB.without themC.so thatD.without which【答案】D【解析】定语从句。句意：所有的亲子关系都需要优秀的沟通技巧，（ ）父母和孩子将在家庭生活中经历巨大的挫折。前半句强调的是优秀沟通技巧的重要性，后半句表明了一个结果，由该结果“tremendous frustrations巨大的挫折”可知应该是在没有优秀的沟通技巧的条件下才会出现的结果。故先排除AC项。此句为定语从句， which指代上文提到的excellent communication skills,故本题答案为D。 13. 单选题Susan is studying algebra and geometry, and （ ） shes taking microcomputer lessons.问题1选项A.in a momentB.in briefC.in additionD.in conclusion【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。in a moment“立刻，立即”；in brief“简言之”；in addition“另外，此外”；in conclusion“总之，最后”。句意：Susan正在学习代数和几何学，此外，她还在学习微型计算机课程。and表示并列关系，代数，几何，微型计算机课程都是并列关系，故C项正确。14. 填空题Life is full of dangers and surprise. Your house may burn down. You may fall out of the window and break your neck. Mice and beetles may eat your floor so that you drop in to the flat below for an uninvited cup of tea. 1.（ ）.You cannot always prevent disasters, but you can insure against them. Most forms of insurance are voluntary-it is up to you whether you take out a policy or not. But some forms are compulsory. 2.（ ）.The “parties” to an agreement, or contract, are the individuals or groups concerned. With third-party motor insurance, the three parties are （i） you yourself, （ii） your insurance company, and （iii） anybody else-for example, the man whose Jaguar has just smashed up your Mini. Third -party insurance does not cover fire, theft or anything else. It is intended only to protect road users from each other.3.（ ）.Another form of compulsory insurance is National Insurance. Everybody over 16 earning money on a regular basis must pay a sum each week to the state. These weekly contributions cover part of the cost of the National Health Service and the other social service benefits, e.g. unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, old-age pensions, industrial injury benefits and so on. You must be able to prove you have paid