2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷78（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题问题1选项A.sent upB.sent offC.sent outD.sent in【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。send up使上升；send off寄出，派遣；send out发送；send in递送，呈报。根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。2. 单选题It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all（ ） to the flow of ideas shall be removed.问题1选项A.propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances【答案】D【解析】prophecies预言；transactions交易，事务；arguments辩论；hindrances障碍，妨碍。句意：必须保证言论自由，最终思想流动的一切障碍都应消除。选项D符合句意。3. 写作题 Write a note to your roommate Frank. Your note should contain about 80 English words. Remember that you are writing this note before leaving for Shanghai for three days. In your note, you should ask Frank to look after your pet dog Goofy while you are away. Your note to Frank should include the following information.(a)You will fly to Shanghai in the evening(b)Apologize to Frank that you have to leave in a hurry(c)Ask Frank to look after Goofy(d)Tell Frank that the dog food is left in the store room(e)Remind Frank that Goofy does not like cold milk(f)Goofy likes to take a walk in the evening(g)Let Frank know that you are grateful to him for looking after GoofyWrite your note to Frank on ANSWER SHEET II.【答案】Dear Frank,Im going to Shanghai this evening and I will stay there for 3 days. I should apologize that I have to leave so hastily. And Im very embarrassed to ask you to help me look after my dog Goofy. By the way, I must remind you that you can easily find the dog food that I have left in the store room. Oh, Goofy dont like cold milk very much, so please dont forget to heat the milk for him. Besides, he likes taking a walk in the evening. Thank you very much for helping me.Yours Sincerely,4. 单选题Everyone in America these days seems to be（ ）with his or her physical fitness, and everyone is talking about getting in shape.问题1选项A.concernedB.alluredC.connectedD.attracted【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。be concerned with指涉及，关心。根据句意可知这里指如今的美国人关心自己的健康，选项A符合句意。5. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】上下文语义。句意：记得要为这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们不会提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。6. 单选题In general, the（  ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开支应控制在生活费总额的五分之一以内。根据句意可知，这里指可用的费用，选项B更符合句意。7. 单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife（  ）  for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】固定用法。wildlife reserve指野生动物保护区。所以选项D正确。8. 单选题The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Novato the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new (star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesnt go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant” (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translationsother aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.1.The best title of this passage might be （ ）.2.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?3.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?4.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” most probably means （ ）.5.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to（  ）  问题1选项A.Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different CountriesD.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles问题2选项A.Hesitation.B.Mistake.C.Stutter.D.Default.问题3选项A.Cultural shocks.B.Faulty translations.C.Avoid cultural oversights.D.Prevent blunders.问题4选项A.an animal used in perfume for its smellB.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD.an ornament used in perfume and at funerals问题5选项A.fire the translators who dont know the target languageB.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of blundersC.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲太多公司在没有了解国外的语言和文化情况下进行营销，付出了昂贵的代价。也就是说文化在广告中是很重要的。选项A正确。2.语义题。根据第五段第一句“Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.”再根据后面举例的内容可以推测，这里是指犯了营销的错误。所以选项B与之意思最为相近。3.段落主旨题。根据原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是讲：翻译错误是国际广告中许多错误的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是举例说明，所以选项B正确。4.语义题。根据第九段的内容，一位美国设计师试图将一种新的香水引入拉丁美洲市场，但该产品几乎没有引起人们的兴趣。主要原因是，在南美许多国家， “the camellia used in it”传统上用于葬礼。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的应该是制作香水的原材料。所以选项C正确。5.细节推理题。根据最后五个段落的内容可知，为了防止不同国家的广告出现错误的方法，我们需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免开玩笑。选项C符合原文。9. 写作题Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET II.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Sir or Madam:The purpose of this letter is to make some suggestions for improving the service of our university library. It has developed very well over the last few years in providing access to computers and CD ROMs, printing facilities, and free online access. However, our library will become better if it can make some progress on following measures.First of all, the staff members of the library are not as hospitable as expected. Some of them even keep a stone face in front of the students. Furthermore, the studying room should provide more seats, because it is not spacious enough and I always have to spend a long time to find myself a seat. Last but not least, most undergraduate students complain that they can only borrow two items for a time. The figures should be increased to at least five due to studying needs.I sincerely wish that my advice would be taken into full account. Your early reply is appreciated.Yours Sincerely,10. 单选题He wouldnt even think of wearing clothes;（ ） they make him look so old!问题1选项A.sameB.despiteC.suchD.that【答案】D【解析】用that从句表原因，所以选项D正确。11. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （ ） a series of policies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题Tom Jones, who（ ） around the world, will come to Asia next month.问题1选项A.will be touringB.have touredC.had been touringD.has been touring【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。选项D正确。13. 单选题A good way to （ ）a language is to live in the native culture with the native speakers.问题1选项A.requireB.inquireC.acquireD.enquire【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指学会一门语言。acquire指获得某物或习得某一技能，所以选项C正确。14. 单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（ ） a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowest level in ten years”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。15. 单选题Tony has not the least （ ） of giving up his research work.问题1选项A.intentionB.interestC.wishD.desire【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：Tony丝毫没有放弃其研究工作的打算。选项A符合语境。16. 单选题Today scientists have a greater understanding of genetics and its role in（ ）organisms.问题1选项A.liveB.lifeC.livingD.alive【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。live活的，实况转播的;life生活;living活的，现存的，逼真的；alive活着的，有生气的。句意：现如今科学家们对遗传学及其在生物体中的作用有了更深入的了解。填空处修饰organisms，选项C正确且符合句意。17. 单选题Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have （ ） ones.问题1选项A.similarB.singularC.differentD.separate【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：两个孩子必须睡在一张床上，而另外三个孩子睡在不同的床上。根据语境可知，这里指分开的独立的床，选项D符合语境。18. 单选题When he realized the police had spotted him, the man （ ） the exit as quickly as possible.问题1选项A.made forB.made outC.made up toD.made way【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。make for走向，有快速移动的意思；make out理解，辨认出；make up to接近，奉承；make way 让路，前进。根据句意可知，这里指快速朝出口走去。选项A符合句意。19. 单选题The（ ） of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from all over the country.问题1选项A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter【答案】C【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。选项C符合句意。20. 单选题The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（  ）.     问题1选项A.personalityB.temperamentC.interestD.destiny【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。National temperament指“国情”，为常用搭配。选项B正确。