2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷35（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题He was punished （  ）he should make the same mistake again.问题1选项A.unlessB.providedC.ifD.lest【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。unless 除非；provided 倘若；if如果；lest 以防，以免。句意：他被处罚了以免他再犯同样的错误。后半句用的是虚拟语气，表示对未来的虚拟。由句意可知，D项正确。答案D2. 写作题People all over the world spend time surfing the Internet. Sometimes, surfing the Internet has replaced more active pastimes such as sports or visiting with friends.Write a composition of no less than 250 words and discuss, whether life on Internet has had a good or bad effect on people's daily life.Your composition should be based on the following outline:.Good effect.Bad effect.Conclusion. 【答案】The Internet and Its Effects on Peoples Daily LifeThroughout the 20th century, as one of the most advanced innovations ill the area of information technology, Internet has exerted an extremely important influence on peoples production and social activities. In recent years, were witnessed a rapid growth in the popularity of Internet and we may say, we have already entered the Internet era. Whether, however, life on Internet has a good or bad effect on peoples daily life? Admittedly, there are both advantages and disadvantages.Definitely, its convenience and practicality are of great significance for us. Firstly, it is Internet that makes it possible for people to adapt to the rapid development of high-tech society and to be provided with the availability of knowledge and information from all over the world. With its richness of information, the Internet provided us with chances to know about the world and to expand our horizon without leaving home. In addition, the internet connects the computers around the world, and people can talk with and see each other easily and cheaply, even across the ocean. Moreover, many hospitals and train stations have opened their own ticket booking systems to reduce the length of the queue before their owns to reduce.However, Internet is also like a double-edged sword. At first, in the spare time, People prefer to surf the Internet all the day rather than do some outdoor activities with their friends, such as having a picnic or playing football. It may be a dangerous signal that less communication in actual life is bringing about coldness of interpersonal relationships. Besides, there are some bad guys who may take advantage of the internet to do something bad, such as spreading porn materials to the children, abducting naive girls through online chatting rooms, and making school age boys addict to the online games.In conclusion, Internet is the trend in our daily life. We can benefit most from it only if we take good advantages of Internet and try to be careful enough to keep the potential bad effects away. 3. 单选题The thieves （  ）the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for the ring.问题1选项A.spreadB.scratchedC.scatteredD.burned【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。spread传播，散布；scratch搔，抓；scatter all over the floor 满地皆是；burn燃烧 。句意：小偷找钻戒的时候，把废纸弄得满屋都是。由“searching for the ring”可知小偷为了找到戒指会满屋子翻箱倒柜，把废纸弄得到处都是。答案C4. 单选题The British psychoanalyst John Bowl by maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it.Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicatedand controversial.Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1.The phrase “predispose to” (Para. 1, line 2) most probably means（  ）.2.According to Bowlbys analysis, it is quite possible that（  ）.  3.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that（  ）.  4.The writer concludes that（  ）.问题1选项A.lead toB.dispose toC.get intoD.tend to suffer问题2选项A.childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.B.early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C.children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.D.some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.问题3选项A.traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.B.Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.C.A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.D.Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents问题4选项A.it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery schoolB.it is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for childrenC.it is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery schoolD.it is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由第一段may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. 可能对孩子的个性造成创伤，并且孩子在往后的生活容易出现情感问题。由and前面的“可能对孩子的个性造成创伤”可知and后面的内容性质与其一致，都是说的孩子过早的与父母分离会造成的问题。lead to导致；dispose to处置；get into进入，陷入；tend to suffer容易遭受。故只有D项符合句意。第2题:细节事实题。由“But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. 但是，鲍尔比的分析提出了一种可能性，即早期日托有延迟效应。这种治疗可能会在15年或20年后导致更多的精神疾病或犯罪，这种可能性只能通过统计数据来探索。”可知C项正确，答案C。第3题:判断推理题。定位到第二段第一句“anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. 人类学家指出，在现代社会中发现的孩子与父母之间绝缘的爱情，在传统社会中通常不存在。”及“For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. 例如，我们早些时候看到，在Ngoni族中，孩子的父亲和母亲并不是独自抚养他们的孩子远非如此。”可推知“传统社会在早年将小孩和父母分开”是第二段中暗示但却没有阐明的。故答案选A第4题:判断推理题。“At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. 在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都发现过渡到托儿所很容易，这无疑是为什么越来越多的父母在这个时候把孩子送到托儿所的原因。”可知作者认为三岁以上的孩子上幼儿园是合理的。答案选D5. 单选题Why this otherwise excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is（  ）.问题1选项A.above meB.beyond meC.beside meD.lip to me【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。 above“在之上”； beyond “超过”； beside “在旁边”；up“在上方”。句意：我实在无法理解，这份本来很出色的报纸怎么会允许这篇文章被发表出来。beyond sb.超出某人能理解的范围。答案B6. 单选题There is no beer left and the pubs are shut so youll have to （  ）it.问题1选项A.go forB.go throughC.go offD.go without【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。go for “主张，拥护”； go through“仔细检查”； go off “离开，进行”； go without “没有”。句意：这里没有啤酒了，且酒吧也关门，所以你没有啤酒喝了。由上下文语义可知D项正确。答案D7. 单选题To survive, psychologically as well as physically, human being must inhabit a world that is relatively free of ambiguity and reasonably predictable. Some sort of structure must be placed upon the endless profusion of incoming signals. The infant, born into a world of flashing, hissing, moving images, soon learns to adapt by resolving this chaos into toys and tables, dogs and parents. Even adults who have had their vision or hearing restored through surgery describe the world as a frightening and sometimes unbearable experience; only after days of effort are they able to transform blur and noise into meaningful and therefore manageable experiences.It is commonplace to talk as if the world "has" meaning, to ask what "is" the meaning of a phrase, a gesture, a painting, a contract. Yet when thought about, it is clear that events are devoid of meaning until someone assigns it to them. There is no appropriate response to a bow or a handshake, a shout or a whisper, until it is interpreted. A drop of water and the color red have no meaning, they simply exist .The aim of human perception is to make the world intelligible so that it can be managed successfully; the attribution of meaning is a prerequisite to and preparation for action.People are never passive receivers, merely absorbing events of obvious significance, but are active in assigning meaning to sensation. What any event acquired in the way of meaning appears to reflect a transaction between what is there to be seen or heard, and what the interpreter brings to it in the way of past experience and prevailing motive. Thus the attribution of meaning is always a creative process by which the raw data of sensation are transformed to fit the aims of the observer.The diversity of reactions that can be triggered by a single experience - meeting a stranger, negotiating a contract, attending a textile conference-is immense. Each observer is forced to see it through his own eyes, interpret it in the light of his own values, fit it to the requirements of his own circumstances. As a consequence, every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others. Each will accept sonic relations among the facts and deny others Each will arrive at some conclusion, tentative or certain, as the sounds and forms resolve into a "temple" or "barn", a "compliment" or "insult".1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that （  ）.2.In order to assign meaning to anything in the world, one needs to（  ）.  3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?4.The authors main purpose in writing this article is to （  ）.问题1选项A.the world is bewildering to the infant and to the adult alike .B.surgery will restore a meaningful world to those who undertake itC.any response to the world would be impossible if meaning were not first assigned to itD.the world will be devoid of meaning if people fail to understand the special incoming signals问题2选项A.have a full knowledge of the structure of the worldB.transform the incoming signals, with the help of previous experiences, so that they can serve one's own purposeC.differentiate incoming signals that are of significance and those that are notD.be endowed with creativeness问题3选项A.Only visual images can be assigned meaningB.Incoming signals exist for the purpose of conveying meaning to peopleC.An individual might have to adapt himself to the diversified experience in this worldD.People may have different responses to the same incoming signal.问题4选项A.illustrate the different perspectives people may take in interpreting an experienceB.show that meaning is but a subjective matterC.demonstrate how we can assign meaning to the worldD.argue that one needs to have some insight to understand the world【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“The aim of human perception is to make the world intelligible so that it can be managed successfully; the attribution of meaning is a prerequisite to and preparation for action. 人类感知的目的是使世界变得可理解，以便成功地管理世界; 意义的归属是行动的前提和准备。”可知C项“如果世界没有提前被赋予具体意义，那么对于世界的任何反应都是不可能的”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由第三段可知“what the interpreter brings to it in the way of past experience and prevailing motive. Thus the attribution of meaning is always a creative process by which the raw data of sensation are transformed to fit the aims of the observer. 这是解释者根据过去的经验和普遍的动机而得出的结论。因此，意义的归属始终是一个创造性的过程，通过这个过程，原始的感觉被转化为符合观察者的目标。”答案B第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others. 每个观察者从不同的角度来看待每一个对象和信息。每个人都会注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D项正确，答案D第4题:主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到，世界必须被赋予具体的意义。以及第四段“every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others.人们看待事物的视角和观点不同，那么赋予事物的含义也会不同。”可知整篇文章作者的写作目的是表明事物的含义都是人赋予的，是主观的东西。答案B8. 单选题He tried to hide his （  ）patch by sweeping his hair over to one side.问题1选项A.barrenB.baldC.bareD.bleak【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析 barren 贫瘠的；bald 秃头的，赤裸裸的；bare 空的，赤裸的；bleak 暗淡的，昏暗的。句意：他试图把头发梳到一边来掩盖他的秃顶。答案B9. 单选题Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they'll say, "Success." The dream of individual opportunity has been home in Americans since Europeans discovered a "new world" in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in "Letters from an American Fanner" (1782) he wrote: "We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的)and unrestrained, because each person works for himself. We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: We are the most perfect society now existing in the world." The promise of a land where "the rewards of a man's industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor" drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. There's Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American's best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,", and "dressing for success." The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it's as important to be "successful" in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to "make it" also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the "right" neighborhoods, wear the "right" clothes, eat the "right" foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.1.What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?2.By saying "the rewards of a man's industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor" (Line 10-11, Para. 1), the author means（  ）.3.It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that（  ）.  4.What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?问题1选项A.People are free to develop their power of imagination.B.People who are honest and work hard can succeed.C.People are free from exploitation and oppression.D.People can fully enjoy individual freedom.问题2选项A.the more diligent one is, the bigger his returnsB.laborious work ensures the growth of an industryC.a man's business should be developed step by stepD.a company's success depends on its employees' hard work问题3选项A.business success often contributes to a successful marriageB.Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of lifeC.good personal relationships lead to business successD.successful business people provide good care for their children问题4选项A.The American road to success is full of nightmares.B.Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person's wealth.C.The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.D.What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean deCrevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found inthis new land. 像Hector St. Jean deCrevecoeur这样的早期移民高度赞扬了在这片新土地上发现的自由和机会。以及We are all excited at the spiritof an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的)andunrestrained我们对于这种行业的无拘无束的和不受限制的精神感到兴奋。可知美国梦的核心精神就是自由。答案D第2题:推理判断题。根据“because each person works for himself 因为每个人都为自己工作。”以及The promise of a land where “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. 在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的增长成正比”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。”可知每个人都为自己打工，越勤劳，赚得就越多。故答案A第3题:推理判断题。定位到第二段最后一句today its as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. 今天，在婚姻或家庭中取得成功和在事业上取得成功一样重要。可知美国人认为在婚姻或亲子关系上的成功与商业成功同样重要。故B项“美国人希望在生活的每个方面都取得成功”正确。第4题:推理判断题。由第三段最后一句 “These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。”可知美国梦的矛盾之处在于美国相信人人平等，但又在尽力将自己与别人区分开来。故D项正确。10. 单选题We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be （  ）and go another day.问题1选项A.reliableB.probableC.feasibleD.flexible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。reliable“可靠的”； probable“很可能的”；feasible “可行的”；flexible “灵活的，柔韧的”。句意：我们已经安排好周五去看电影，但是我们也可以看情况改天去。由go another day可知空格处意为我们也不一定非得周五去，可以灵活变动，改天再去。答案D11. 翻译题There are 2 short passages in this part. Passage A is for you to translate from English to Chinese and passage B is from Chinese to English. Passage ACustom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how abnormal. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The