2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第1期

2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many reported that the general military message they received was that, as nurses, they were ex-pected to be（ ）strong.问题1选项A.empiricallyB.eminentlyC.emulouslyD.emotionally【答案】D【解析】副词辨析。句意：许多人声称，他们收到的一般军事信息是，作为护士，他们应该在 坚强。empirically凭经验地，经验为主地；eminently突出地，显著地；emulously好胜地，竞争性地；emotionally感情上，心理上。因此，D项符合句意。2. 单选题The plan for the new office tower went ahead（ ）of local opposition.问题1选项A.on accountB.in the lightC.outD.regardless【答案】D【解析】句意：新建办公楼的计划已经提前启动， 当地居民的反对。on account 因为；in the light 因为，依据；out 出于；regardless 不管。根据后半句，当地居民反对，还是提前启动了计划，因此选D。3. 单选题The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased（ ），a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.问题1选项A.CirculationB.reproductionC.manipulationD.penetration【答案】A【解析】句意：美国报纸的新技术革命带来了（ ） 、覆盖面拓宽和新闻工作的增加。A选项circulation 发行量；B选项reproduction复制；生殖；C选项manipulation操纵，控制；D选项penetration渗透，A符合句意。    4. 单选题He is very（ ）in his family and never does anything against his wife.问题1选项A.henceB.filledC.enormousD.humble【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。hence因此；filled填满的；enormous巨大的；humble谦逊的，（级别或地位）低下的。句意：他在家里很（ ） ，从不做任何违背他妻子的事。因此，D选项符合句意。    5. 单选题His physical and emotional（ ）to Oxford and to Mississippi, to the land and to the people that shaped him, was at the core of his being.问题1选项A.personalityB.characterC.fidelityD.morality【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。句意：全身心的（ ） 是他的全部：无论是对牛津和密西西比，还是对那片土地和那些塑造他的人。personality 个性；character 性格；fidelity 忠诚；morality 道德。故选C。    6. 单选题The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is（ ） .问题1选项A.greedyB.thriftyC.stingyD.careful【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：这位吝啬鬼是不会捐一点钱的, 因为他          。 greedy贪婪的；thrifty节俭的；stingy吝啬的；careful谨慎的。故选C。7. 单选题As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical power to dominate all others,they must depend on（ ）.问题1选项A.alliesB.resourcesC.freedomD.education【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：只要国家本身不能积蓄足够的力量来支配其他的人，他们就必须依赖于（ ）。allies同盟国；resources资源，物力；freedom自由，自主；education教育。选项A“同盟国”符合句意。    8. 单选题The rain （ ）our spirits because we were planning to go for a picnic.问题1选项A.decreasedB.dampenedC.moistenedD.hampered【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意:下雨 我们的热情，因为我们本来要去野餐。Decreased 降低，减少；dampened 使.受挫；moistened 弄湿；hampered 妨碍。我们本来想去野餐，但是下雨妨碍了我们去野餐的热情。故选D。    9. 单选题A recent survey shows that, while ninety-four percent of companies conducting management-train-ing programs open them to women，women are（ ）only seventy-four percent of those pro-grams.问题1选项A.protesting againstB.participating inC.displeased byD.allowed in【答案】B【解析】短语辨析。句意：最近的调查显示，尽管有94%的公司向妇女开放管理培训课程，妇女在这项目中也只有74%的 （ ） 。protesting against 抗议；participating in 参与；displeased by 不开心；allowed in被允许。选项B符合句意。    10. 单选题At the party we found that shy girl（ ）her mother all the time.问题1选项A.depending onB.adhering toC.clinging toD.coinciding with【答案】C【解析】短语辨析。在聚会上，我们发现那个害羞的女孩一直 （ ）她的妈妈。depending on 依赖；adhering to 黏附；clinging to （紧紧）黏着；coinciding with符合，一致。按理说，B项和C项都有“黏着”的意思，符合句意。C项暗含了“紧紧地”这一层意思。因此，C项正确。11. 单选题The（ ）colonialists managed to wipe out the entire population.问题1选项A.aboriginalB.originalC.largeD.regional【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意：（ ）殖民主义者们设法消灭全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地区的。因此，A项aboriginal符合句意。  12. 写作题In the current job market, university graduates are having a hard time finding jobs while many employers are complaining about the shortage of work hands. Write an essay of no less than 200 words analyzing the phenomenon. Your essay should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.【答案】Why Are University Graduates Having a Hard Time Finding Jobs?13. 单选题Japan is a（ ）society of one nationality and a few underrepresented minority groups，such as the ethnic Chinese and Koreans.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.simultaneousC.homogenousD.instantaneous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：日本是一个 （ ）单民族社会，由一个民族和一些代表性不足的像中国人和韩国人这样的少数群体组成。spontaneous自发的；simultaneous同时存在的；homogenous 同源的，纯系的；instantaneous瞬间的。C选项homogenous符合句意。  14. 单选题At first, the results of the experiment seemed（ ）but finally a pattern emerged.问题1选项A.fineB.graveC.genuineD.haphazard【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意：起初，实验结果似乎是偶然的，但最终出现了一种模式。因此选D。    15. 单选题While admiring that this forecast was（ ）uncertain, the scientists warned against treating it as a cry of wolf.问题1选项A.anyhowB.somewhereC.somewhatD.anyway【答案】C【解析】副词辨析。句意：虽然承认这次预报 不确定，但科学家仍警告不要把它当作危言耸听。anyhow总之，无论如何；somewhere在某处，到某处；somewhat有点，稍微；anyway总之，无论如何。因此，C项符合句意。16. 单选题The development of these gene technologies may be far in the future, but（ ）the moral and social issues raised by them should be discussed, for once a technology has been invented, it may be difficult to stop or control.问题1选项A.presentlyB.summarilyC.seriouslyD.hesitantly【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。句意：这些基因技术可能在未来会有很大的发展，但是 应该讨论的是道德和社会问题。因为一旦发明了这种技术，就很难停止或控制。presently 目前；summarily 即刻地；seriously 严肃地；hesitantly 迟疑地。因此，A项符合句意。17. 单选题When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the prob- lem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the en- tire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs natural- ly, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American popula- tion and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vac- cine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire popula- tion of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 30000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending the manda- tory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a reintroduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.1.The best title for the text may be（ ）2.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?3.The phrase “ward it off naturally” (Paragraph 2) most probably means（ ）4.Which of the following is true according to the text?5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is（ ）问题1选项A.“Vaccinations: A Blessing or A Curse”B.“ Principles of Vaccinations”C.“Vaccines: Methods and Implications”D.“A Miracle Cure under Attack”问题2选项A.The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.B.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.C.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.D.The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.问题3选项A.dispose of it naturallyB.fight it off with easeC.see to it reluctantlyD.split up properly问题4选项A.Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.B.The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.C.Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.D.The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.问题5选项A.to comment and criticizeB.to demonstrate and argueC.to interest and entertainD.to explain and inform【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨题。C选项“接种：方法和含义”概括全文大意。其他选项不够全面。2.细节题。文章中天花的举例是在第三段中出现的，第三、四段主要阐述使用疫苗可能带来的负面效果，而A选项“管理疫苗可能带来的负面后果”与文章相符。3.细节题。第二段讲述的是如果接种疫苗，身体可以自然对抗这种疾病，选项B（很轻松地与之对抗）正确。4.推理题。选项B（免疫系统能够被训练来抵抗较弱的疾病变体）符合原文中心思想。5.主旨题。本文是科普性文章。所以D项（为了解释和告知信息）正确。18. 单选题The mayor was asked to（ ）his speech in order to allow his audience to raisequestions.问题1选项A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge【答案】C【解析】句意：市长被要求（ ） 讲话，以便让他的听众提问。A选项constrain限制；B选项conduct控制，实施；C选项condense压缩，浓缩；D选项converge聚集。选项C符合句意。    19. 写作题Directions: “The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back bypractical concerns. ”Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to explain your opinions on this issue. 【答案】The Purpose of Education20. 单选题Her smile（ ）her secret even though she didnt admit the fact.问题1选项A.revealedB.reversedC.reviewedD.responded【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。revealed泄露；reversed使反转，撤销；reviewed评论，检验；responded回答，响应。句意：她的笑容 （ ） 了她的秘密，即使她不承认这个事实。因此A选项符合句意。