课文翻译-课后答案-全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程-第五册-Unit-2-Diet-Let's-Go-Veggie!

Picture in your mind all the dishes that go to make up your ideal meal. Now take away all the dishes with meat in them. Not much left on the table? Then Joseph Pace has a word or two to say to you in an attempt to get you to change your eating habits.-想像一下组成你理想美食的全部菜肴。再把含肉的菜肴全部拿走。桌上就所剩无几了吧？好，约瑟夫派斯有几句话要对你说，想劝你改变饮食习惯。Lets Go Veggie! Joseph Pace 1 If there was a single act that would improve your health, cut your risk of food-borne illnesses, and help preserve the environment and the welfare of millions of animals, would you do it?-咱们吃素吧! 约瑟夫派斯 如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？ 2 The act Im referring to is the choice you make every time you sit down to a meal.- 我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。 3 More than a million Canadians have already acted: They have chosen to not eat meat. And the pace of change has been dramatic.- 一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。变化速度之快令人惊叹。 4 Vegetarian food sales are showing unparalleled growth. Especially popular are meat-free burgers and hot dogs, and the plant-based cuisines of India, China, Mexico, Italy and Japan.- 素食品的销售额大大增加，前所未有。尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。 5 Fuelling the shift toward vegetarianism have been the health recommendations of medical research. Study after study has uncovered the same basic truth: Plant foods lower your risk of chronic disease; animal foods increase it.- 推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。 6 The American Dietetic Association says: "Scientific data suggest positive relationships between a vegetarian diet and reduced risk for several chronic degenerative diseases."- 美国饮食学协会指出，“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。” 7 This past fall, after reviewing 4,500 studies on diet and cancer, the World Cancer Research Fund flatly stated: "Weve been running the human biological engine on the wrong fuel."- 去年秋天，在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出：“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。” 8 This "wrong fuel" has helped boost the cost of degenerative disease in Canada to an estimated $400 billion a year, according to Bruce Holub, a professor of nutritional science at the University of Guelph.- 据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿（加）元。 9 Animal foods have serious nutritional drawbacks: They are devoid of fiber, contain far too much saturated fat and cholesterol, and may even carry traces of hormones, steroids and antibiotics. It makes little difference whether you eat beef, pork, chicken or fish.- 肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维，含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇，甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。 10 Animal foods are also gaining notoriety as breeding grounds for E. coli, campylobacter and other bacteria that cause illness. According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, six out of ten chickens are infected with salmonella. Its like playing Russian roulette with your health.- 肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。据加拿大食品检验机构称，十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，拿你的健康做赌资。 11 So why arent governments doing anything about this? Unfortunately, they have bowed to pressure from powerful lobby groups such as the Beef Information Center, the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency and the Dairy Farmers of Canada. According to documents retrieved through the Freedom of Information Act, these groups forced changes to Canadas latest food guide before it was released in 1993.- 既然如此，政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。 12 This should come as no surprise: Even a minor reduction in recommended intakes of animal protein could cost these industries billions of dollars a year.- 这并不奇怪。即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。 13 While health and food safety are compelling reasons for choosing a vegetarian lifestyle, there are also larger issues to consider. Animal-based agriculture is one of the most environmentally destructive industries on the face of the Earth.- 健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由，但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。 14 Think for a moment about the vast resources required to raise, feed, shelter, transport, process and package the 500 million Canadian farm animals slaughtered each year. Water and energy are used at every step of the way. Alberta Agriculture calculates that it takes 10 to 20 times more energy to produce meat than to produce grain.- 想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源。其中的每一个环节都耗费水和能源。阿尔伯达农业署估计，生产肉耗费的能源比生产谷物多1020倍。 15 Less than a quarter of our agricultural land is used to feed people directly. The rest is devoted to grazing and growing food for animals. Ecosystems of forest, wetland and grassland have been decimated to fuel the demand for land. Using so much land heightens topsoil loss, the use of harsh fertilizers and pesticides, and the need for irrigation water from dammed rivers. If people can shift away from meat, much of this land could be converted back to wilderness.- 用于直接为人们提供食物的土地还不到农业用地的四分之一。其余的都用来放牧和种饲料。森林、湿地和草原的生态系统遭受相当严重的破坏，以满足对土地的需求。土地的大量利用加剧了表土的流失，增加了会带来负面作用的化肥和杀虫剂的施用，增加了从筑有水坝的河流中引水灌溉的需求。如果人们能摒弃肉食，许多土地就能回复到未开垦状态。 16 The problem is that animals are inefficient at converting plants to edible flesh. It takes, for example, 8.4 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of pork, the U. S. government estimates.- 问题在于，动物在把植物转化为可食用的肉类这方面的效率很低。举例来说，美国政府估测，生产1公斤猪肉需要耗费8.4 公斤的谷物。 17 After putting so many resources into animals, what do we get out? Manure at a rate of over 10,000 kilograms per second in Canada alone, according to the government. Environment Canada says cattle excrete 40 kilograms of manure for every kilogram of edible beef. A large egg factory can produce 50 to 100 tonnes of waste per week, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture estimates.- 我们把这么多资源耗费在动物身上，又得到什么回报呢？粪肥 据官方资料，仅加拿大，就以每秒10,000多公斤的速度排出。加拿大环境部称，牛每产1公斤可食牛肉需排出40公斤粪便。安大略省农业部估测，一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出50100吨禽粪。 18 And where does it go? In the 1992 Ontario Groundwater Survey, 43 per cent of tested wells were contaminated with agricultural run-off containing fecal coliform bacteria and nitrates. Earlier this month, charges were laid against a large Alberta feedlot operator for dumping 30 million litres of cattle manure into the Bow River, "killing everything in its path," as a news story described it.- 这些粪便都到哪儿去了？1992年安大略省地下水调查发现， 43%的被测试水井都受到含有粪便大肠杆菌和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染。本月初，阿尔伯达一家大型围栏肥育地经营者被指控将3千万升牛粪排入博河，“沿途生灵悉数被毁”，一则新闻这么报道。 19 And then there is methane, a primary contributing gas in global warming and ozone layer depletion. Excluding natural sources, 27 per cent of Canadas and 20 per cent of the worlds methane comes from livestock.- 此外还有沼气，那是促使全球气候变暖和臭氧层减少的主要气体。不把天然沼气资源包括在内，加拿大27%的沼气、全世界20%的沼气都来自牲畜。 20 John Robbins, author of the Pulitzer prize-nominated book Diet for a New America (Group West), said it best when he stated: "Eating lower on the food chain is perhaps the most potent single act we can take to halt the destruction of our environment and preserve our natural resources."- 获普利策提名奖的新美洲饮食一书作者约翰罗宾斯说得好：“食用食物链较低部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动。” 21 Our environment also includes the animals killed for their meat. It has become an accepted fact that todays factory-farmed animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives.- 我们的环境也包括为食其肉而被宰杀的动物。当今工厂化农场的牲畜寿命极短，过着悲惨的、不正常的生活，这已是公认的事实。 22 As part of my research at the University of Waterloo, I toured some of the countrys largest "processing" plants. The experience has left me with recurring nightmares.- 作为我在沃特卢大学研究工作的一部分，我参观过一些全国最大的“加工”厂。这个经历让我日后尽做噩梦。 23 I saw "stubborn" cows being beaten and squealing pigs chased around the killing floor with electric calipers.- 我见到“固执”的牛被打、尖叫着的猪在屠宰室被人用电卡钳追逐。 24 I looked on in utter shock as a cow missed the stun gun and was hoisted fully conscious upside down by its hind leg and cut to pieces, thrashing until its last breath.- 我万分震惊地目睹一头牛躲过了眩晕枪，结果被缚住后腿倒挂起来，惨遭活剐，一直挣扎到断气。 25 Noticing my shock, the foreman remarked: "Who cares? Theyre going to die anyway."- 工头见我惊骇不已，便说：“管它呢！它们反正得死。” 26 Because it can cost hundreds of dollars per minute to stop the conveyor line, animal welfare comes second to profit. Over 150,000 animals are "processed" every hour of every working day in Canada, according to Agriculture Canada.- 由于传送线停转一分钟就要损失好几百元，家畜的利益就变得不如利润重要。据加拿大农业署称，在加拿大，每个工作日，每小时有150,000多头家畜被“加工”。 27 The picture gets uglier still. En route to slaughter, farm animals may legally spend anywhere from 36 to 72 hours without food, water or rest. Theyre not even afforded the "luxury" of temperature controlled trucks in extreme summer heat or sub-zero cold.- 情况变得甚至更可怕。家畜在宰杀前的运输途中，法律允许在3672小时内不给进食、进水，不让休息。即使在炎夏或零度以下的严冬，它们连乘温控卡车的“奢侈”也不让享受。 28 Agriculture Canada has estimated that more than 3 million Canadian farm animals die slow and painful deaths en route to slaughter each year.- 加拿大农业署估计，加拿大每年有3百多万头家畜在宰杀前的运输途中痛苦地慢慢死去。 29 Ive also visited typical Canadian farms. Gone are the days when piglets snorted and roosters strutted their way about the barnyard. Most of todays modernized farms have long, windowless sheds in which animals live like prisoners their entire lives. I have seen chickens crammed four to a cage, nursing pigs separated from their young by iron bars and veal calves confined to crates so narrow they couldnt turn around. Few of these animals ever experience sunlight or fresh air and most of their natural urges are denied.- 本人还参观过一些典型的加拿大农场。猪崽喷着鼻息、公鸡在粮仓的空场上昂首行走的日子已经一去不复返。而今大多数的现代化农场都有一个个狭长的、没有窗户的牲畜棚，牲畜一生关在棚里，如囚犯一般。我见到过四只鸡挤在一个笼里，喂奶的母猪与猪崽被铁条隔开，肉用小牛关在狭窄得转不过身来的板条箱里。这些牲畜几乎都终年不见阳光，呼吸不到新鲜空气 它们天生的欲望大都得不到满足。 30 Although it is difficult to face these harsh realities, it is even more difficult to ignore them. Three times a day, you make a decision that not only affects the quality of your life, but the rest of the living world. We hold in our knives and forks the power to change this world.- 面对这种严峻的现实固然困难，置之不理更是难上加难。一日三次，你要做出不仅影响自身生活质量、更是事关整个有生命世界的决定。我们手里的餐刀餐叉拥有改变这个世界的力量。 31 Consider the words of Albert Einstein: "Nothing will benefit human health and increase the chances for survival of life on Earth as the Evolution to a vegetarian diet."- 让我们想一想阿尔伯特爱因斯坦的话吧：“没有什么比转向素食更有益于人类健康，更能增加世间万物的生存机会。” 32 Bon appetite.- 祝君胃口好。1. ideala. satisfying ones idea of what is perfect; most suitable 理想的，完美的 e.g. In an ideal world no one would go hungry. 2. veggien. (infml) = vegetarian or vegetable3. go veggie吃素 e.g. This book is packed with useful information to help your family go veggie. 4. food-bornea. 食物引起的 e.g. Food-borne illnesses are neither long-lasting nor life-threatening.5. refer tomention or speak of (sb. / sth.) 提到，说到 e.g. In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. 6. vegetariann. a person who, for moral, religious or health reasons, eats no meat 素食者；素食主义者 e.g. Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.7. unparalleleda. so great, etc. that it has no equal 无比的；空前的 e.g. They enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group. 8. burgern. (infml) hamburger 汉堡包9. cuisinen. (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味） e.g. I can help you find what you need to know about Italian Cuisine. 10. vegetarianismn. 素食主义 e.g. Vegetarianism is very popular among young people in Britain, especially among teenage girls.11. recommendationn. action of recommending; advice 推荐；建议 e.g. Most schools ask you to provide three letters of recommendation. 12. uncovervt. discover (sth.) previously secret or unknown 揭露；使被知道 e.g. The investigation uncovered evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.13. chronica. (esp. of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）慢性的，长期的；连续复发的 e.g. Chronic diseases are among the most common and costly health problems. 14. dietetica. 饮食(学)的 e.g. Children who are overweight or underweight may benefit from expert dietetic advice.15. associationn. 协会；联盟；社团 e.g. the British Medical Association 16. degenerativea. (of a medical condition) getting or likely to get worse 衰退的，退化的 e.g. We should try to change the situation that led to degenerative disease.17. flatlyad. in an outright, direct manner 断然，直截了当地 e.g. He flatly denied that he saw what had happened. 18. biologicala. 生物的 e.g. The biological rhythm of a plant is affected by light and heat.19. boostvt. increase the strength or value of (sth.) 增加；提高 e.g. The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices. 20. nutritionala. 营养的 e.g. Chemical sweeteners have no nutritional value.21. drawbackn. disadvantage or problem 不利条件；欠缺；障碍 e.g. One of the drawbacks of living with someone is having to share a bathroom. 22. devoida. empty (of); lacking (in) 空的;缺少的23. devoid ofwithout (sth.); completely lacking in (sth.) 没有；毫无 e.g. He seems to be devoid of any compassion whatsoever. 24. fibern. 纤维 e.g. When shopping, one must be familiar with the calorie and fiber content of all foods.25. cholesteroln. 胆固醇 e.g. Cholesterol can be both good and bad, so its important to learn what cholesterol is. 26. tracen. very small amount; mark, sign, etc. showing what has existed or happened 极微的量；踪迹；形迹 e.g. Traces of drugs were found in his blood.27. hormonen. 激素，荷尔蒙 e.g. Growth hormones make livestock gain weight more quickly on less feed. 28. steroidn. 类化合物，类固醇 e.g. Many individuals past and present have utilize steroids for athletic prestige.29. antibioticn. 抗菌素，抗生素 e.g. Im taking antibiotics for a throat infection. 30. notorietyn. fame for being bad in some way 臭名昭著 e.g. He gained notoriety for murdering eleven women in the north of England.31. E. coliabbr. Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌 e.g. The E. coli bacteria are eventually mixed into the meat. 32. campylobactern. 弯曲菌 e.g. Freezing reduces the number of Campylobacter bacteria present on raw meat.33. bacteria (singular bacterium)n. 细菌 e.g. Bacteria grow in a wide variety of conditions. 34. inspectionn. 检验35. inspectvt. examine (sth.) closely 检验，检查 e.g. She arrived to make a health and safety inspection of the building. 36. agencyn. a business or organization providing a usu. specified service （行政或智能）机构 e.g. the Central Intelligence Agency37. infectvt. (of harmful bacteria, etc.) enter the body of (a person or an animal) and cause disease 传染 e.g. The flu virus infected almost the entire class. 38. salmonellan. 沙门（氏）菌39. rouletten. 轮盘赌 e.g. There are two different types of Roulette wheels: the American Wheel and the European Wheel. 40. unfortunatelyad. regrettably; unluckily 遗憾地；不幸地 e.g. Unfortunately it rained all day.41. bowvi. bend the head or body as a sign of respect 俯（首）或欠（身）致敬 42. bow tosubmit to (sth.); accept or obey (sth.) 屈服，服从 e.g. Eventually the government was forced to bow to public pressure and reform the tax.43. marketingn. 营销 e.g. a marketing strategy 44. dairyn. place where milk is kept and milk products are made 牛奶场；奶品场 e.g. Many Americans, including some vegetarians, still consume large amounts of dairy products.45. documentn. paper that gives information, proof, or support of sth. 文件；公文；文献 e.g. Mr. Clark provided a copy of confidential document to a newspaper reporter. 46. retrievevt. get (sth.) back 重新得到；取回 e.g. Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.47. intaken. the amount or number allowed to enter, or taken in; the process of taking a substance into a body or a machine 吃或吸收的量；吸入；纳入 e.g. If our energy intake balances our energy expenditure, our weight remains stable. 48. lifestylen. the way in which an individual or a group lives 生活方式 e.g. He doesnt have a very healthy lifestyle.49. environmentallyad. 在环境方面 e.g. Many countries have raised taxes on environmentally destructive products and activities. 50. packagevt. make (sth.) into or put (sth.) in a bag, box, etc. 把打包；把装箱；包装 e.g. These organic olives are packaged in recycled glass containers.51. grazev. use (land) to feed cattle, etc. 用（地）养牛 e.g. The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months. 52. wetlandn. damp area of land 湿地 e.g. If you visit a wetland and look closely, you will discover some fascinating creatures.53. grasslandn. land covered with grass, esp. as used for grazing 草原；草地；（尤指）草场 e.g. Did you know that grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica? 54. decimatevt. (infml) reduce (sth.) considerably 相当程度地减少 e.g. Populations of endangered animals have been decimated.55. heightenv. (cause sth. to) become higher or more intense （使）提高，加强 e.g. This will heighten your enjoyment. 56. topsoiln. 表土（层）；土壤耕种层 e.g. Roots hold the moisture-absorbing fertile topsoil in place during flooding.57. fertilizern. 肥料 e.g. For centuries, fish have been recognized as an excellent fertilizer source. 58. pesticiden. 杀虫剂；农药 e.g. Our children are in danger from pesticides.59. irrigationn. 灌溉 e.g. Drip irrigation can be a great aid to the efficient use of water. 60. damvt. build a dam across (a river, etc.) 建水坝子（河等） e.g. To dam a riv