2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第184期

2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题While it has gradually been integrated into the global supply chain, Chinas manufacturing sector has had to confront enormous challenges. In terms of capacity for scientific and technological innovation, China ranks 28th out of 49 major countries around the globe. With that ranking China is not only behind the developed world, but also behind Brazil, India and some other developing countries. In recent years, with growing amounts of direct foreign investment and the advent of globalization, multinationals have quickened the pace of technology transfers, affording the country an opportunity to learn the latest technologies.【答案】虽然中国已经逐渐进入全球供应链，但其制造业不得不面对巨大的挑战。就科技创新能力而言，中国在全球49个主要国家中排名第28位。按照这样的排名，中国不仅落后于发达国家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些发展中国家。近年来，随着外商直接投资的增加和全球化的到来，跨国公司加快了技术转让步伐，为中国提供了学习最新技术的机会。2. 单选题（  ） the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.问题1选项A.WhateverB.In spite ofC.Even thoughD.Regardless【答案】C【解析】考查让步状语从句。分析句子，可知逗号后面的为主句，逗号前面的从句主谓完整，缺少一个连接副词连接句子，whatever在句中可作主语与宾语，从句中的谓语动词may vary后面不需要接宾语了，因此用Even though。in spite of后面接的是名词或者动名词，不跟从句；regardless后面不接句子。句意：尽管文学作品中主人公的精湛品质可能随着时间的推移而变化，但英雄的基本模范作用似乎保持不变。3. 单选题With many ethnic groups represented, the student union is very （  ）.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.heterodoxC.heterogeneousD.heterogeneousness【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；heterodox意为“异端的，非正统的”；heterogeneous意为“由很多种类组成的，各种各样的”；heterogeneousness意为“异质的”。句意：学生会由不同成员组成，代表了很多民族团体。4. 单选题The use of natural gas to generate electricityfar from perfectly clean but less carbon- （  ）than coal usehas jumped 25 percent since 2008.问题1选项A.inclusiveB.extensiveC.intensiveD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。句意：自2008年以来，使用天然气发电远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少已经上涨了25%。5. 单选题The archaeologist（  ）that the vase was 1500 years old.问题1选项A.upheldB.estimatedC.sustainedD.unitized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。upheld意为“支持”；estimate意为“估计，预测”；sustain意为“维持”；unitize意为“统一（化），组成”。句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有1500年历史了。6. 单选题Women bosses are viewed as less qualified and capable than their male （  ）according to a study.问题1选项A.equivalentsB.counterpartsC.peersD.substitutes【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”；counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”；peer意为“同龄人”；substitute意为“替代物”。句意：根据一项研究，女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。7. 单选题If a girls eyes （  ）when she looks at you, it means she is interested in you.问题1选项A.glitterB.sparkleC.flashD.flicker【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。glitter意为“闪烁，闪现(某种强烈情感)”；sparkle意为“闪耀，闪烁”；flash意为“使闪光，使闪烁”，带有“兴奋、喜悦、高兴之色”，指快速地发出强光；flicker意为“闪烁”，指闪出不太强的光。句意：如果一个女孩看着你，她的眼睛放光，意思是她对你感兴趣。8. 单选题（  ）he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his  assignment.问题1选项A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as可以引导原因状语从句，though不能引导原因状语从句。as引导原因状语的时候进行倒装，much是用来修饰want的程度副词句意：因为周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下来完成作业。9. 单选题The real friend is the one who comes to the （  ）in your hour of need; who is there with comfort in adversity and who shares with you his own success.问题1选项A.attentionB.stageC.pointD.rescue【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。attention意为“注意”；stage意为“阶段”；point意为“论点，观点”；rescue意为“救援，营救”。句意：真正的朋友是在你需要的时候来帮助你，在逆境中给你安慰，与你分享他成功的人。10. 单选题Nanotechnology seems to hold the key that allows construction and building materials to（  ）the features of natural systems improved until perfection during millions of years.问题1选项A.replicateB.copycatC.pirateD.borrow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。replicate意为“复制，再生”；copycat意为“盲目模仿者”；pirate意为“盗窃”；borrow意为“借用”。句意：纳米技术似乎掌握着关键，使建筑和建筑材料能够复制自然系统的特征，在数百万年中不断改善直到完美。11. 单选题Becoming disabled by an accident is one of the most serious（  ）that all drivers face.问题1选项A.shortcomingsB.faultsC.mistakesD.hazards【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。shortcoming意为“短处，缺点”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；mistake意为“错误，过失”；hazard意为“危险，危害，事故”。句意：车祸致残是所有司机面临的最大威胁之一。12. 单选题Trying military wrongdoers may annoy the armed forces, and （  ）a fresh conflict.问题1选项A.proliferateB.provokeC.nurtureD.proclaim【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。proliferate意为“激增，猛增”；provoke意为“激起，挑起”；nurture意为“养育”；proclaim意为“宣告，公布”。句意：尝试军事犯罪的不法分子可能会打乱军事力量，从而激起新的矛盾。13. 单选题Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?问题1选项A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight oclock.D.You must complete reading assignment on time.【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。题干：下面哪个句子表达“可能性”？must作情态动词，可以表示命令或推测。B选项表示推测，其他选项表示命令。14. 单选题The government gave a very（  ）explanation of its plans for industrial development.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehensiveC.compulsoryD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。understanding意为“善解人意的，富有同情心的”；comprehensive意为“详尽的，综合性的，全部的”；compulsory意为“必须做的，强制性的”；sophisticated意为“复杂的”。句意：政府给出了一个对其工业发展计划十分全面的解释。15. 翻译题The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what it is stake. If we do not stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world's people.The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.【答案】在上海的与会各国都意识到了目前的危机。如果我们现在不制止恐怖主义，每个文明国家都将在某一时刻成为其袭击目标。我们将摧毁恐怖分子的一切联络，无论他在何地。我们还将通过建立持久的繁荣，为全世界人民带来更多的机会和更好的生活，从而击败恐怖分子。亚太地区各国决定向世界开放，这是我们这个时代伟大的发展成就之一。与过去仅仅20年前相比，该地区人民的生活更繁荣，更健康，受教育程度更高。这样的进步证明了开放的成果。16. 单选题Among the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of（1）are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. （2）, some of the most successful films of recent years have been（3）on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fiction is a（4）new development in literature,（5）its ancestors can be found in book written hundreds of years ago. These books often（6）the presentation of some form of（7）society, a theme which is（8）often found in modern stories.Most of the classics of science fiction, （9）, have been written within the last one hundred years. Books（10）writers, such as Jules Veme and H.G. Wells, to（11）just two well-known authors, have been translation into many languages.（12）science fiction writers dont write about men from Mars or Space adventure stories. They are（13）interested in predicting the effect of technical progress（14）society and the human mind, or in（15）future worlds which are a（16）of the world（17）we live in now. （18）of this, their writing has obvious political undertones (含蓄) .In an age when scientific fact frequently（19）science fiction, the writers may find（20）difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.问题1选项A.stylesB.titlesC.subjectsD.topics问题2选项A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.AnywayD.Evidently问题3选项A.reliedB.dependedC.basedD.focused问题4选项A.asB.whenC.soD.fairly问题5选项A.asB.whenC.butD.if问题6选项A.look forB.care forC.ask forD.call for问题7选项A.societyB.idealC.futureD.end问题8选项A.yetB.alreadyC.almostD.still问题9选项A.consequentlyB.thereforeC.howeverD.moreover问题10选项A.onB.byC.aboutD.For问题11选项A.introduceB.mentionC.tellD.remind问题12选项A.AncientB.ModernC.PreviousD.Former问题13选项A.neverB.lessC.moreD.scarcely问题14选项A.onB.ofC.inD.at问题15选项A.recognizingB.imaginingC.rememberingD.adapting问题16选项A.regulationB.reactionC.reductionD.reflection问题17选项A.whichB.whereC.thereD.when问题18选项A.DespiteB.BecauseC.InsteadD.At present问题19选项A.reachesB.attainsC.caulesD.overtakes问题20选项A.itB.thisC.thatD.those【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:B第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:D第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析。此处表示每年都有几百本书出版，titles指的是书籍。第2题:考查副词辨析。此处表示递进关系，因此填furthermore，意为“此外，而且”。第3题:考查动词辨析。rely on意为“依赖”；depend on意为“依靠，依赖”；base on意为“根据，基于”；focus on意为“关注，聚焦于”。此处表示电影是以科幻小说为基础的。第4题:考查逻辑关系。此处意为“人们常常认为科幻小说在文学上是一个新的发展”，缺少一个表程度的副词，因此fairly（一定地，相当地）最为恰当。第5题:考查连词辨析。此处表示转折关系，因此填but。第6题:考查动词辨析。look for意为“寻找”；care for意为“关心，照顾”；ask for意为“请求”；call for意为“要求，需要，去接（某人）”，此处表示关注、关心，因此选B。第7题:考查逻辑关系。这些书指的是科幻小说，具有不真实，不切实际等特征，因此填ideal，意为“完美的，想象的，不切实际的”。第8题:考查副词辨析。此处表示让步关系，因此填still，意为“仍，仍然”，指主题仍然可以在现代小说中找到。第9题:考查副词辨析。此处表示转折关系，因此填however，consequently与therefore表示因果关系，moreover表示递进关系。第10题:考查介词辨析。by作介词时，意为“被，由”，books by writers意为“作家写的书”。第11题:考查固定搭配。to mention意为“举例”。第12题:考查逻辑关系。由句中的Mars or Space adventure（火星或太空探险）和下句中的interested in predicting the effect of technical progress（预测技术进步的效果感兴趣）可知这些都属于现代的一些东西，因此填modern（现代的）。第13题:考查逻辑关系。由前句可知现代科幻作家不写关于火星或太空探险的故事，此推测此处表示让他们更感兴趣的，因此填more（更加）。第14题:考查固定搭配。the effect on sth.意为“对某事物的影响”。第15题:考查逻辑关系。由空格后的future world（未来世界）可推测未来可以想象，猜测，因此填imagine最为恰当。第16题:考查名词辨析。此处表示这个世界反射的未来世界，因此填reflection，意为“反射，反映”；reaction一般是指人的反应，感应；regulation意为“管理”；reduction意为“减少”。第17题:考查关系代词。先行词为world，表示物，可以用which引导定语从句。第18题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示因此关系，因此填because。第19题:考查动词辨析。reach意为“到达”；attain意为“达到，获得”；caules意为“茎类”；overtake意为“追上，赶上，超过”。此处缺少动词，故排除C选项，表示在一个事实经常超过科幻小说的时代，因此选D。第20题:考查形式宾语。it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。17. 单选题Fortune tellers are good at making （  ）statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.literalC.ambiguousD.invalid【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。philosophical意为“哲学上的”；literal意为“字面的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；invalid意为“无效的”。句意：算命先生擅长发表诸如“你的悲伤会改变”这样的模糊的陈述。18. 单选题By （  ）all of the more difficult questions by the press, the mayor aroused suspicion that he was not well informed in the issues.问题1选项A.avoidingB.consideringC.answeringD.requesting【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。avoid意为“避免”；consider意为“考虑”；answer意为“答复”；request意为“要求”。句意：通过回避媒体提出的所有更棘手的问题，市长引起了人们的怀疑，人们认为他不了解这个问题。19. 单选题California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried-up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.1.Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?2.Where is the highest point in the United States located?3.How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?5.Which statement beat demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?问题1选项A.Lake TulainyoB.Mojave DesertC.Death ValleyD.The Salton Sea问题2选项A.Lake TahoeB.Sierra NevadaC.Mount WhineyD.Alaska问题3选项A.About 3 milesB.Only 100 milesC.282 feetD.14,494 feet问题4选项A.The Pacific OceanB.San Joaquin ValleyC.Mojave DesertD.Oregon and Washington问题5选项A.The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C.Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D.Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.可知美国的最高点（阿拉斯加以外）和最低点（包括阿拉斯加）都在加利福尼亚，Mount Whitney（惠特尼峰）为最高点，海拔14,494英尺，Death Valley（死谷）为最低点，海拔低于海平面282英尺。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California美国（阿拉斯加以外）的最高点在加利福尼亚，可推测就全美国而言，最高点应该是在阿拉斯加，因此选D。需要注意括号中补充说明的地方。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.可知Death Valley与Mount Whitney只相距100英里，因此选B。第4题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.可知A、B、C选项都有提及，半径都在100英里以内，因此选D。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚是一个多姿多彩的国家，自然地貌类型丰富，接下来举例具体说明，A、B、D选项在文章都有提及，但不能概括出加利福尼亚的不同地形的特征，因此选C。20. 单选题More and more educators in the U.S. are looking for global opportunities to offer them the career and salary they need along with the （  ）of being an educator.问题1选项A.allusionB.temptationC.fulfillmentD.prosperity【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。allusion意为“典故，暗指”；temptation意为“诱惑，引诱”；fulfillment意为“完成，满足，实现”；prosperity意为“繁荣”。句意：越来越多的美国教育工作者正在寻找全球性的机会，为他们提供他们所需要的职业和薪水，以及作为一名教育家的成就感。