2022年考博英语-清华大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解45

2022年考博英语-清华大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Britain has the highest（  ） of road traffic in the world over 60 cars for every mile of road.问题1选项A.popularityB.prosperityC.intensityD.density【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。popularity 普遍，流行；prosperity兴旺，繁荣；intensity 强烈，剧烈；density 密集，稠密，密度。根据后面一句over 60 cars for every mile of road(每英里有60多辆汽车), 推测D项正确。2. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online3. 单选题It is known to all that children in this region have strong（ ）to swimming in summerbecause of the hot weather.问题1选项A.inclinationB.exposureC.fluxD.correlation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。inclination 倾向；exposure 暴露；flux 涨潮；熔化；correlation 相互关系，相关性。句意: 由于夏天天热，这个地区的孩子对于游泳都有强烈的 。选项A符合句意。    4. 单选题When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ）qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。Unbiased 公正的, 无偏见的; manipulated 熟练控制的；distorted 扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed 传达的，传输的。句中 “qualified sources of information”应该指合格的信息, 故A项unbiased “公正不偏不倚的”符合逻辑。5. 单选题They have（ ）her unreasonable request for her annual salary.问题1选项A.destinedB.chordedC.repelledD.commenced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。destined 指定，命定，注定；chorded 弦，合音，和弦；repelled 击退，抵制；commenced 开始。句意: 他们 了她提出的不合理的年薪要求。C项在此处比较合适, 意思是 “回绝了”。6. 单选题Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their（ ）.问题1选项A.conditionsB.combinationsC.peersD.granaries【答案】C【解析】语义题。空格填入的词应与children同类型。因此C项peer （同龄人，同辈人）符合要求。7. 单选题Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever- increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc. , while at the same time its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investor alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100% , and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $40. 30 and $45. 30 per share； squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnate stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2.16 (a rise of 54% ), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% ), and the total number of shares outstanding (未 偿付的；未完成的)has actually decreased from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2. 355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.1.This passage is probably a part of （ ） .2.Theitalicizedwordstagnant"，(line3，Para.1)canbebestparaphrasedas（ ） .  3.Wal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause4.All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT（ ）.5.According to the author, one had better（ ）.问题1选项A.Find Hidden Value in the MarketB.Become RicherC.Get Good BargainsD.Identify Good companies问题2选项A.prominentB.terribleC.unchangedD.progressing问题3选项A.ithasstoredalargequantityofgoodsB.ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerfulC.ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcyD.itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailingcompanies问题4选项A.the cash dividend has increasedB.the earning power has become strongerC.both business have continued to growD.the stock price has greatly decreased问题5选项A.buy more shares when the stock price falls downB.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD.invest in the business when its stock price falls down【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章通篇用Wal-Mart, Home Depot和Coca-Cola的实例引导我们发现市场的潜在价值，4个选项只有A最符合文章大意。2.语义题。文章首段表明a business will continue to grow(商业在持续发展)，后面一个while表转折，stagnant 后面为or even falls（甚至下降），由此推测stagnant 意为 “停滞不前”。3.细节归纳题。Wal-Mart的实例在文章第三段被论述, 题干说trading at a much lower price(以低很多的价格交易),对应第三段中的trading at half its former price(以之前的半价交易)because each share.bigger infrastructure原文because后表明原因,总结起来就是ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful(经济上更强大)。4.细节判断题。对于Wal-Mart, the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe(股价下降30%)，对于Coca-Cola, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $ 36. 10 and $ 54. 30 per share(在1996年股价是$ 36. 10 和 $ 54. 30 每股)，对比现在Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share(去年，股价为$40. 30和$ 45)，没有巨大的跌幅。5.细节判断题。原文提到Wal-Mart和Coca-Cola企业股价下跌但分红增长，所以股价下跌时，应评估企业的经济状况。  8. 单选题The speaker was very much（ ）by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.问题1选项A.jerkedB.incensedC.lacedD.limped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意，演讲者被rude words and behavior激怒。jerked 急推，猛推；incensed 激怒；laced 系牢，系紧；limped 跛行，句意:演讲者被粗鲁的言行 （ ）。选项B符合句意。    9. 单选题The energy（ ）by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.问题1选项A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。Transfer 转让, 转移; release 释放; convey 传达,运输; deliver 递送, 释放。句意: 链式反应 的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。10. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get（ ）quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed 已分解的，已腐烂的；denounced 公开指责的，公然抨击的；detached 分开的，分离的；deduced 推论的，演绎的。根据句中bad and damp weather(恶劣潮湿的天气),the plants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。    11. 单选题The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business, the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization its about protecting rights, said the National Association of Manufacturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion （强迫， 胁迫）from unions.Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers arent,” Samuel said. He cites the 31, 358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “ On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,” said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions （条款，规定）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration （仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional. ” “I dont see how it will benefit employees if theyre locked into a contract,” said Straczewski.The bills proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As it stands, the law on the books hasnt changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.1.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?2.According to its opponents, the bill（ ）.3.The word "it" （Line 5, Para. 5） refers to（ ）.4.People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT（ ）.5.the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees问题1选项A.House bill aims to spur labor union growth.B.House bill aims to counter labor union growth.C.Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment.D.Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees income.问题2选项A.will protect employees' rightsB.will benefit workers by binding contractsC.will empower unions too muchD.makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions问题3选项A.the changeB.the legislationC.the AFL-CIOD.the difference问题4选项A.the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industriesB.the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC.binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract cant be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD.the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees问题5选项A.fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB.workers coercion often comes from unionsC.the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD.punishment authorized by the bill will be lighter【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文首段表明众议院将出台新立法， seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers,是为了维护工会的权利，激发工会的发展。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是Jason Straczewski。后面他说道wouldopenupemployeestocoercion(强迫：胁迫）fromunions, 与选项D 对应。3.语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中Richard Shaw，it指代前句中的legislation。4.细节判断题。题干说下列哪项不是人们支持该法案的原因，文章首段could reversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries(立法有助于改善劳工与雇主之间的关系)。5.细节推理题。最后一段提到in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers(2004年，45%的新成立工会被雇主拒绝签订第一份合同)，因此答案为A。 12. 单选题In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this falls entering classes the first since Katrina 一 will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require studentswho increasingly are applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications about 2, 900 to date, compared with 3, 500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard wont release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last years record 1, 014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20, 715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class 1, 400, compared with a more typical 1, 600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mails, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last years level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. Its also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September “to avert the majority of the hurricane season, Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city (are) saying, I want to be a part of (the action)'", says Stieffel, noting that Loyolas transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.1. It can be inferred from the passage that（  ） .2.The following statements are false other than （  ）.3.In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are（  ） .4.The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of（  ） .问题1选项A.many of the students require smaller classes than usual in the institutionsB.most college admissions officials cannot predict how many students will commit to enrolling in their institutions by May 1 this yearC.many of the students are increasingly applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1 this yearD.in typical years, most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutions问题2选项A.Tulane University also saw drops in application this yearB.Xavier University, as a historically black Catholic institution, fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard UniversityC.Xavier University dean Winston Brown says the total number that he hopes to enroll is about 1,500 freshmenD.Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions due to receiving fewer applications of students问题3选项A.reducing the tuition respectivelyB.hosting meetingsC.increasing the scholarships respectivelyD.extending the application deadline问题4选项A.the drops of the applicants of the universitiesB.the dilemma of the admission officialsC.the usual rules of college admissionsD.the effects of the hurricanes【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.推断题。原文第一段指出: 今年秋天的班级容量将会变小, 故选A。2.细节题。题干问的是下列哪个选项正确。第二段指出: Loyola University, .will vote. whether to. eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications, D项与此对应。3.细节对比。根据题干关键词attract applicants定位至第四段: freezing tuition at last years level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition, 据此判断两所大学都采取了freezing tuition(降低学费)的措施。4.主旨题。文章讲述了 4所大学今年的招生情况，学生申请人数较以往都有所下降。13. 单选题 Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moons atmosphere to（ ）plant life.问题1选项A.adaptB.personalizeC.sustainD.describe【答案】C【解析】动词辨析sustain。意为“维持，保持”，符合句意。14. 单选题The industry has pumped（ ）amounts of money into political campaigns，making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.问题1选项A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。potential 潜在的，有潜力的；substantial 大量的；客观的；massive 大而重的，大块的；traditional 传统的。此处substantial形容amounts of money （很大一笔钱）。15. 单选题A（ ）plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.问题1选项A.deliberateB.disincentiveC.functionalD.fantastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。deliberate 深思熟虑的，预有准备的；disincentive 妨碍活动的；functional 功能的；fantastic 幻想的，奇异的。空格部分应与considered and accepted逻辑上对应。deliberate符合句意和逻辑。    16. 单选题It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protect the（ ）silk from damage.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.tenderD.delicate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。sensitive 敏感的，易受影响的；sensible 明智的，合乎情理的；tender 脆弱的, 温柔的；delicate 娇弱的, 纤细的, 易碎的。句意: 在加工过程中，应注意保护 丝绸不受损坏。故D项符合句意。 17. 单选题Three years（ ）before he returned home from the United States.问题1选项A.denotedB.destinedC.elapsedD.enveloped【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。Denote 预示,代表;destine 注定;elapse消逝; envelop 遮盖，包围。 选项C放在Three years后面表示3年流逝了。    18. 单选题They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any（ ）ones in thisarea?问题1选项A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。句意：他们要到大的新公寓,需要的应该是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但区别在于empty house表示完全不存在内容物; vacant house是指可能有家具放着，但暂时无人居住的房子。因此,选项C符合句意。     19. 单选题Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have（ ）no further details about the accident.问题1选项A.comprisedB.formulatedC.releasedD.incorporated【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。comprised 包含，由.组成；formulated 构想出，规划；released 发布，发行；incorporated 包含，把.合并。根据句意可知警方是没有“发布”消息。故选C。20. 单选题The European Union countries were once worried that