2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解28

2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care（1）their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who（2） with their parents（3）65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live（4）.What explains these differences in living arrangements（5）cultures? Modernization theory（6） the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people（7）in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,（9）a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain（10）living arrangements.Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance（11） . （12）this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then（13）their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought（15） by industrialization and urbanization, have（16）the（17）. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent dida figure that is still high（18）U.S. standards, but which has been（19）steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are（20）: the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.问题1选项A.aboutB.afterC.forD.over问题2选项A.resideB.reciteC.redeemD.rebel问题3选项A.amassesB.amountsC.attainsD.reaches问题4选项A.loneB.aloneC.lonesomeD.lonely问题5选项A.overB.acrossC.withinD.above问题6选项A.associatedB.linkedC.unitedD.combined问题7选项A.asideB.afterC.overD.behind问题8选项A.isolatedB.segregatedC.idealizedD.secluded问题9选项A.maintainB.promoteC.reserveD.support问题10选项A.appointedB.assignedC.preservedD.preferred问题11选项A.controlsB.overtakesC.predominatesD.overwhelms问题12选项A.atB.underC.byD.over问题13选项A.deliversB.conveysC.conceivesD.inherits问题14选项A.as well asB.might as wellC.as wellD.well as问题15选项A.offB.upC.aroundD.about问题16选项A.underminedB.decreasedC.diminishedD.defeated问题17选项A.authorityB.usageC.habitD.tradition问题18选项A.byB.onC.withD.in问题19选项A.incliningB.recliningC.decliningD.reducing问题20选项A.recedingB.removingC.invadingD.eroding【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:A第15题:D第16题:A第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.固定搭配。Care about 担心,关心;care for 照顾；没有care after 和care over这样的搭配。2.动词辨析。Reside 居住在,定居于; recite背诵,叙述；redeem 赎回,挽回；rebel 反叛,反抗。此处表示“与住在一起”,故选A。3.动词辨析。amass 积聚，积累；amount 总计，合计；相当于，共计，amount to 相当于，总共达到;attain （通过努力）获得，达到（目的）；reach 达到，影响，抵达，伸出；由空格后“65 to 70 percent (65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。4.形容词辨析。lone（adj.）单身的，独自的，寂寞的；alone （adj.）独自的，单独的，孤独的；（adv.）独自地，单独地；lonesome 寂寞的，人迹稀少的；lonely 寂寞的，偏僻的。空格前为动词live(生活),因此空格处应为副词。故选B。5.固定搭配。across culture 跨文化的。其余选项为: over 越过，在之上；within 在之内；above 超过，在上面。6.短语辨析。associate 联想，使联合，使发生联系，常与介词with搭配，associate with 联合；与联系在一起，和来往；link 连接起来，将人或物连接或联系起来，常与介词to搭配，link to 链接到，把和联系起来;unite 使混合，使联合，使团结，常与with搭配。unite with 联合，混合；combine 使化合，使联合，使结合，常与with搭配，combine with 与结合。题目中空格处与后面介词to搭配,因此选B。7.短语辨析。由空格前句意“但是由于现代化,子女搬到城市地区”可知这里表示“从而将老年人留在了农村”。Leave behind 留下。其余选项构成的搭配为:leave aside 搁置,不考虑;leave after 无此搭配;leave over 推迟,延期。8.形容词辨析。isolated 孤立的,分离的,单独的；segregated 被隔离的（常用于种族隔离）；idealized 理想化的；secluded 隐蔽的,隐退的,隐居的。此处句意为:但是由于现代化，子女搬到城市地区,将老人留在了孤立的农村。因此A符合句意。、9.动词辨析。maintain 维持,维修,主张;promote 促进,推销,发扬;reserve储备,保留,预约;support支持,支撑,赡养。此处句意为:或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此A符合句意。10.形容词辨析。appointed 约定的,指定的;assigned 指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred 更可取的,更喜欢的。此空前一句句意为: 或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此此处表示 “显然,单靠经济发展不能解释更喜欢的生活安排”。故D符合句意。11.动词辨析。四个选项均是对应动词的三单形式。control 控制,管理;overtake 赶上,突然来袭;predominate 占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm 淹没,压倒,受打击。根据后面句子中的“The stem family system was once common in Japan(这种继承式的家庭体系曾经在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。12.固定搭配。under this system 在这个体系下。13.动词辨析。这里表示“继承遗产”。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Deliver 交付,发表,递送;convey 传达,运输;conceive 构思,以为;inherit 继承。故选D。14.固定搭配。由全格前“changes in inheritance laws继承法的变化”与全格后“broader social changes更广泛的社会变化”的对应知这里指代“更广泛的社会变化也”,故选A。15.短语辨析。这里指代 “工业化和城镇化所带来的更广泛的社会变化”, bring about 带来。其他选项分别为: bring off 完成,救出;bring up提出,养育,呕出,（船等）停下;bring around 使信服;使转向,使复原。16.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。undermine破坏，渐渐破坏;decrease 减少,减小;diminish 使减少,使变小;defeat 战胜,挫败。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故A符合句意。17.名词辨析。authority 权威,权力;usage 使用,用法;habit 习惯,习性;tradition 惯例,传统。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故D符合句意。18.固定搭配。by standard 按标准。19.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。incline 倾斜,倾向,易于;recline 靠,依赖;decline 减少,下降,衰落;reduce削减,缩减。由空格后句子句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知C符合句意。20.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。recede撤回,减弱;remove 移动,迁移,删除;invade 侵略,侵扰,涌入;erode 腐蚀,损害,削弱。由空格后句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知这里表示 “传统的生活安排正受到损害”。故D符合句意。2. 单选题For several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, "Do you think I'm handsome. Miss Eyre?"The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: “No, sir.”"Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.""Sir, I'm sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn't matter, or something likes that.""No, you shouldnt! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points”I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, “Yes, you're right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn't my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you're the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you're sympathetic and give them hope."It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn't seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time."Don't be afraid of me, Miss Eyre." He continued. "You don't relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You're like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you'll fly very high. Good night."1.At the beginning Miss Eyre's impressions of Mr. Rochester were all except（ ）.2.In “.and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house the word “about” means（ ）.3. Why did Mr. Rochester say “".and then you stab me in the back!” in the 7th paragraph?4. From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to（ ）.5. Al the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded（ ）.问题1选项A.busyB.sociableC.friendlyD.changeable问题2选项A.aroundB.onC.outsideD.concerning.问题3选项A.Because Miss Eyre had intended to kill him with a knife.B.Because Miss Eyre had intended to be more critical.C.Because Miss Eyre had regretted having talked to him.D.Because Miss Eyre had said something else to correct herself.问题4选项A.Tell her all his troublesB.tell her his life experience.C.change her opinion of himD.change his circumstances问题5选项A.rudeB.coldC.friendlyD.encouraging.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。A:忙碌的,B:好交际的, 由第一段中“In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him (早上，他忙于生意，在下午有附近的绅士会拜访他，并且有时会留下来与他用餐)”可知A和B属埃雷女士对罗彻斯特的印象。C:友好的,D:易变的,由第二段“.he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile (他有时会冷淡地从我身边走过，而有吋会鞠躬且微笑)”可知C不属于埃雷女士对罗彻斯特的印象,D属于。因此答案选C。2.词义题。在句子“.and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the House”中, all my knowledge of him是主语, was limited to是谓语,句子结构已经完整。因此about the House是介词短语。about有“在周围”的意思,因此选A。3.判断推理题。由题干定位至句子: "No, you shouldnt! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back!( 不，你不应该这样（说），你批评我的外貌 , 你在背后捅我一刀)”,由此可知B项 “因为埃雷女士本打算变得更多批评”正确。4.判断推理题。倒数第三段说到: Why do I tell you all this? Because you're the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you're sympathetic and give them hope (为何我要告诉你所有这些？因为你是人们问题和秘密的倾诉对象，因为你富有同情心且让人充满希望),由此可知B项 “告诉她他的生活经历”正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段指出: But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You're like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you'll fly very high. Good night (但是经过一段吋间后，你将会和我更自然地相处的，自由地说笑。就如在笼子里的鸟。当你走出笼子后，你将飞得很高。晚安),由此看出D项“鼓励的”正确。3. 单选题We are dealing with two different perspectives that（ ）, intersect, but dont seem to yield a synthesis.问题1选项A.overrunB.overlapC.overworkD.overuse【答案】B【解析】句意:我们正在处理有部分重叠、交叉却似乎不能生成综合体的两种不同的透视图。考查动词辨析。Overrun 泛滥，横行，肆虐，多用(时间、钱财等)，超时;overlap部分重叠，部分地同时发生;overwork工作过度;overuse 使用过度（或过久）。由题干中关键信息"intersect交叉”可知“部分重叠”符合。4. 单选题His（ ）brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.问题1选项A.richB.quickC.productiveD.fertile【答案】D【解析】句意:他脑子很灵,己经想出了一个靠谱的治疗方法。考查形容词辨析。rich 富有的,肥沃的,昂贵的;quick 快的,迅速的;productive 生产的,多产的,富有成效的；fertile （土地）富饶的，肥沃 的；（人的头脑）主意多，有创造力的；能生育的。5. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治疗;encouragement 鼓励；compromise 妥协，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。6. 单选题Its high time we（ ）cutting down the rainforests.问题1选项A.stoppedB.had to stopC.shall stopD.stop【答案】A【解析】句意:是我们停止砍伐热带雨林的吋候了。语法题。考查虚拟语气。it's high time （that ）sb. did sth.为固定句式,表示 “是吋候某人该做某事了”,故排除C，D。B项为“必须,不得不”的过去式,而“it's high time （that ）sb. did sth.”潜在的含义有“必须”的意思,故排除。因此答案选A。7. 单选题The evidence showed that the hanged man could be（ ）of murder.问题1选项A.ignorantB.innocentC.indecentD.tolerant【答案】B【解析】句意:证据表明那个被处以绞刑的男人是无罪的。考查形容词辨析。ignorant 无知的，愚昧的;innocent 无辜的，无罪的，无知的;indecent 下流的，不礼貌的;tolerant 宽容的，容忍的，有耐药力的。be innocent of 没有的,无罪的。8. 单选题These books are both interesting and instructive, no wonder they（ ）the reading public.问题1选项A.appeal toB.apply toC.approve ofD.ascend to【答案】A【解析】句意:这些书既有趣又有教育意义，难怪它们对广大读者有吸引力。考查短语辨析。appeal to 呼吁，上诉，对有吸引力；apply to适用于，应用于；approve of 赞成；ascend to 上溯，上升。根据前半句句意“这些书既有趣又有教育意义”可知A符合句意。9. 单选题It was（ ）we had hoped.问题1选项A.more a success thanB.a success more thanC.as much of a success asD.a success as much as【答案】C【解析】句意:这次成功跟我所希望的一样。考查固定句式。as much+形容词+as 跟-样。10. 单选题It made him uncomfortable to（ ）his plan and think of something new.问题1选项A.switchB.transferC.shiftD.alter【答案】D【解析】句意:改变计划或另想新的路子,都使他感到不舒服。考查动词辨析。switch 转换,挥动;transfer 使转移,调任;shift 转移,替换;alter 改变,更改。因此D符合句意。11. 单选题A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should（ ）new operating procedures.问题1选项A.result inB.match withC.subject toD.proceed with【答案】A【解析】句意:彻底调查这个事故的原因,应该会提高标准,而且带来新的操作程序。考查短语辨析。result in 导致，带来；match with使较量，与相配，使与一致;subject to 使服从，使遭受；受管制;proceed with 继续进行。因此A符合句意。12. 单选题The young womans heart revolted against so（ ）a charge, and when she saw that she could attempt to do nothing to save her protector, she wept bitterly.问题1选项A.blessedB.monstrousC.heinousD.grievous【答案】C【解析】句意:年轻的夫人坚决地抗议这种污蔑。当她发现自己无力拯救保护人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起来。考查形容词辨析。blessed 幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪异的；heinous极恶毒的，道德败坏的，可恨的；grievous 痛苦的，剧烈的。因此C符合句意。13. 单选题Since the Second World War, the rivalry in military strength between the worlds great powers has produced a（ ）balanced peace.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.radicallyC.precariouslyD.rapidly【答案】C【解析】句意:自二战以来，世界大国间的军备竞赛产生了一种不稳定的均势和平。考查副词辨析。peculiarly 尤其，古怪地；radically 根本上，彻底地；precariously危险地，不安全地，不稳定地；rapidly 迅速地，很快，立即。因此C符合句意。14. 单选题His argument does not suggest that mankind can（ ）to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.问题1选项A.resortB.grantC.affordD.entitle【答案】C【解析】句意:他的论据未标明，人类在这些资源的使用上能浪费得起。考查动词辨析。resort 常去，求助，诉诸，resort to 依靠，求助于；;grant 授予，允许，承认，grant to 同意给予，准予；afford 给予，提供，承担得起;afford to （有条件）做，承担得起，负担得起；entitle 给称号，使有权利。因此C符合句意。15. 单选题“Which coat did your husband buy?” “The black one, but I（ ）the green one.”问题1选项A.would rather have boughtB.would rather buyC.would have rather boughtD.rather had bought【答案】A【解析】句意:“你的丈夫买了哪一件外套？ ”“黑色的那件外套，但我宁愿买绿色的那件。”语法题。考查虚拟语气。这里表示对过去已发生事情的假设,所以表示对过去的虚拟: would rather have+done。故选A。16. 单选题A great amount of work lias gone into（ ）the Cathedral to its previous splendor.问题1选项A.refreshingB.restoringC.renovatingD.renewing【答案】B【解析】句意:大量的工作已经投入,为了使这个大教堂恢复到其以前的华丽。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。refresh 更新，使精力恢复，使得到补充；restore 恢复，修复；restore to使恢复到；renovate 更新，修复，革新，刷新；renew 使更新，续借，复兴。由题干中关键词“to its previous splendor到其以前的华丽”可知B项正确。17. 单选题My daughter lias walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk（ ）far.问题1选项A./B.suchC.thatD.as【答案】C【解析】句意:我女儿今天己经步行了8英里。我们从未想到她能步行那么远。考查连词辨析。Such是代词或限定词表示“这样（的）”，一般不修饰形容词；that （与表数量或范围的形容词和副词连用）那样，那么；as 同样地；和一 样的。因此C符合句意。18. 单选题The mailman should be here（ ）; in fact, lie should be here in about five minutes.问题1选项A.retrospectivelyB.previouslyC.currentlyD.presently【答案】D【解析】句意:这个邮差应该一会儿就到这里了；事实上，他应该是在5分钟后到这里。考查副词辨析。retrospectively 回顾地；previously 以前，预先，仓促地；currently 当前，现在；presently 回前，一会儿，不久。根据后半句句意可知D符合句意。19. 单选题In the（ ）of this earthquake, many national and international communities offered help and assistance.问题1选项A.senseB.hopeC.caseD.wake【答案】D【解析】句意:随着这个地震而来的是很多国家和国际团体主动提供帮助。考查短语辨析。In the sense of 从意义上说; in the hope of怀着的希望; in the case of至于,在的情况下; in the wake of 紧紧跟随,随着而来。因此D符合句意。20. 单选题He has given（ ）excuses for being late; but none of them is true.问题1选项A.numberB.numeralC.numerableD.numerous【答案】D【解析】句意:他给出很多迟到的理由，但是没有一个是真的。考查形容词辨析。number 数字，号码；numeral 数字，数码;numerable 可数的，可计算的；numerous 很多的，许多的。根据后面句意“但是没有一个是真的”可知D符合句意。