2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷1

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I will hold you personally （  ）if anything goes wrong in this project.问题1选项A.destructiveB.lucrativeC.diverseD.responsible【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。destructive有害的，毁灭性的；lucrative获利多的；diverse不同的，多种多样的；responsible负责的，可靠的。句意：如果这个项目出了什么问题，我将追究你个人的责任。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题He is a promising young man who is now studying at our graduate school. As his supervisor,I would like to （  ）him to your notice.问题1选项A.commendB.decreeC.presumeD.articulate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。commend “推荐，称赞”；decree “命令，颁布，判决”；presume “假定，推测”；articulate “发音，清楚地讲话”。句意：他是个有前途的年轻人，现在在我们研究院学习，作为他的导师，我乐意向你推荐他。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appearedis a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1.Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged .2.Earth scientists have come to understand that climate （  ）.3. Scientists believe that human evolution（  ）.  4.Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that（  ）.  5.The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that（  ）.问题1选项A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original settlement问题2选项A.is going through a fundamental changeB.has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC.will eventually change from hot to coldD.has gone through periodical changes问题3选项A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exerted little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been affected by climatic changesD.has had a major impact on climatic changes问题4选项A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earth's environmentB.Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC.Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future问题5选项A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming.”在把他们周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后，人们被迫放弃他们原有的生活方式，转而采用一种全新的生存战略，导致了大面积的饥饿和疾病。这种适应就是农业.由此可知，农业作为一种生存战略出现是因为人们放弃了原有的生活方式，选项A符合原文。第2题:判断推理题。题目问的是气候是如何变化的。根据关键词“earth scientists”定位到第二段的内容“Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.”研究人员已经开始拼凑出一幅清晰的图像，阐明强大的地质和天文力量结合在一起改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从潮湿到干燥，周而复始.这些可以追溯到数亿年前。由此可以推断，气候的变化是周期性的，阶段性的，所以选项D正确。第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“human evolution”定位到第三段“Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species.”最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响。选项C符合原文。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.”事实上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使没有人类活动的影响，未来的地球气候肯定也会经历巨大的变化。选项C符合原文。第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是气候变化对人类活动的影响。文章末尾还指出，即使没有人类活动的影响，全球气候依然会发生巨大的变化，所以作者主要强调的是：面对气候的急剧变化，人类实际上是无能为力的。选项B正确。4. 单选题High levels of radon have been （  ）in the house.问题1选项A.observedB.noticedC.extractedD.detected【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。observe意为“观察，研究”；notice意为“注意”；extract意为“提取，提炼”；detect意为“查明，发现，侦察出”。句意：房子里发现了高浓度的氡。5. 单选题The British Library （  ）the right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含，容纳”；retire意为“退休”；retain意为“保持，保留”；convey意为“传达，传递”。句意：在英国出版的每一版新书，大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。6. 单选题The remedy proposed by Mr. Maxwell is simple, easy and （  ）.问题1选项A.appreciableB.amendableC.collapsibleD.practicable【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。appreciable可评估的，相当可观的；amendable可修正的；collapsible可折叠的；practicable可实行的，行得通的。句意：Maxwell先生提出的补救办法简单而且切实可行。选项D符合句意。7. 翻译题如何积累词汇。掌握一门外语的词汇有几种途径：1）通过上下文巧妙地猜测词义； 2）结合阅读使用词典；3）除阅读外，进行专门的词汇训练。我们是慢慢吞吞地、吃力 地积累词汇，以便几年以后可以流畅阅读呢，还是在阅读的同时学习词汇呢？最容易也 最有趣的增加词汇的可能办法是拿一本用浅显文体写成的故事书（老师或图书馆管理员可以推荐一本），然后当作故事来读。当作故事来读这一文选意味着整句整段地阅读，而不是逐字逐词地翻译，即使我们在这儿或那儿漏掉了一些意义，但最终还是能逐渐地熟悉某些词汇而根本不用查词典。当然，这只是我们在阅读用本族语写的故事时所用的方法，这样的阅读使我们能比逐字翻译更好地感受习惯用法和句法。【答案】How to accumulate vocabulary? There are several ways to master a foreign languages vocabulary: 1) Skilfully guess the meaning of a word based on context; 2) use a dictionary, combining with the reading; 3) do special vocabulary training, besides reading. Whether we accumulate vocabulary slowly and laboriously so that we can read smoothly several years later or learning vocabulary while reading? The easiest and most interesting way to enlarge vocabulary is probably using a storybook which is written in plain literary form (teacher or librarian can recommend one), and then read it as a story. Reading this literary selection as a story means reading it by whole sentence and whole paragraph, not translating it word by word. Even if we miss some meaning here or there, we can gradually familiarize with certain words ultimately without looking up dictionary. Of course, this method is just used when we read stories written in our own language. This kind of reading can make us feel idiomatic usage and syntax better than translating word by word.8. 单选题The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on （  ）respect and help.问题1选项A.respectiveB.mutualC.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的，分别的”；mutual意为“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生（或进行）的，同步的”；separate意为“独立的，分开的”。句意：两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。9. 单选题The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one （  ）the other.问题1选项A.emphasizingB.reinforcingC.multiplyingD.increasing【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。emphasize强调；reinforce加强，加固；multiply增加；increase增强，提高。句意：相同的因素推动工资和物价同时上涨，二者相互促进。这里指由于相互促进而增强，所以选项B最为恰当。10. 单选题A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and （  ）increase its market power.问题1选项A.thereforeB.therebyC.henceD.further【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。therefore因此，所以；thereby从而，因此；hence因此，今后；further而且。句意：公司有时可能会亏本出售将竞争对手挤出市场，从而提高其市场权力。选项B更符合语境。11. 单选题 I was about to （  ）a match when I remembered Toms warning.问题1选项A.rubB.hitC.scrapeD.strike【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。rub摩擦；hit打击，碰撞；scrape刮擦；strike撞击，打，擦。strike a match为固定搭配，表示“划火柴”。句意：我正要划火柴时想起了汤姆的警告。所以选项D正确。12. 单选题In the early 1990s various measures were （  ） to encourage savings, stimulate investment and motivate worker effort.问题1选项A.implementedB.impartedC.complimentedD.exploited【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。implement “实施，执行”；impart “给予”；compliment “恭维，称赞”；exploit “开发，开拓”。句意：二十世纪九十年代早期社会实施各种措施来鼓励存款，刺激投资以及激发工作的积极性。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （  ） report only in a few pages but with all the details.问题1选项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise “简明的”；clear “清楚的”；precise “精确的”；elaborate “详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题Every month ¥3 is （  ）from our salary for house repairing payment.问题1选项A.excludedB.expelledC.compelledD.docked【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exclude “排除，排斥”；expel “开除，逐出”；compel “迫使，强迫”；dock “扣除”。句意：每个月会从我们的工资中扣除3元作为房屋维修基金。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题Gray clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10. It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across some of the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail“but with this weather?When Lewis climbed atop Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug. 12, 1805, he was astonished by what was in front of him: “immense ranges of high mountains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow”. Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East. Lewis and Clark werent merely off the map; they were traveling outside the American imagination.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is a testimony to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native-Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred gift. It remains today in virtually the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow seeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft., the drifts are 15 ft, and up. We have covered 12 miles in soft snow, and we barely have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken and couscous, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge. There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are isolated in a way that mixes fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1.We learn from the passage that before 1805（  ）.  2.Judging from the context, the word “trek” (Line 3, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to （  ）.3.We learn from the passage that the Lolo Pass（  ）.  4.Judging from the context. Lewis and Clark were most probably（  ）.  5.We can infer from the passage that in crossing the Lolo Pass the author （  ）. 问题1选项A.no Americans knew about the existence of the Rocky MountainsB.there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no one ever imagined going west to the Pacific OceanD.the Appalachians were the western frontier of the Unites States问题2选项A.a lonely walk in isolated countryB.a long hard journey over rough terrainC.a tough climb up high mountainsD.a journey over un-traveled pathways问题3选项A.remains much as it was 200 years agoB.has changed a lot since 1805C.now attracts large numbers of touristsD.is the meeting point of two cultures问题4选项A.two native IndiansB.explorers of the early 19th centuryC.merchants who did business with the IndiansD.travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass问题5选项A.was following the trail of Lewis and ClarkB.was trying to set a world recordC.was attempting the impossibleD.was gambling with weather and taking unnecessary risks【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed（在当时的美国，没有人知道落基山脉的存在）可知选A。第2题:词义题。由文章第一段中的It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains.（过去四天里，Bitterroot山脉一直在下雪）Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail可推测下雪天使爬山变得更加艰难，因此C选项“艰难的爬上高山”符合题意。trek表示“长途跋涉，艰难的旅程（尤指在山区）”。第3题:细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段的最后一句It remains today in virtually the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.（如今它保持着与Lewis和Clark那时攀登上去一样的条件）可知A选项“保持和200年前一样”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的When Lewis climbed atop Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug. 12, 1805（1805年8月12日， Lewis 爬上米苏拉以南140英里的 Lemhi Pass）和第三段中的Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is a testimony to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships（今天，他们穿过这些山脉的路径比他们所走过的任何其他地方都更具吸引力，因为原始的荒野证明了两种文化的特征：勇于面对艰辛的探险家）可推测他们是19世纪早期的探险家，因此选B。第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的最后一句In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.（在我们的想象中，我们终于赶上了Lewis 和Clark）可推测他们是在追寻Lewis和Clark的足迹，因此选A。16. 单选题The importance of interior design becomes （  ）when we realize how much time we spend surrounded by four walls.问题1选项A.attractiveB.appropriateC.evidentD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。attractive意为“有魅力的，吸引人的”；appropriate意为“适当的，合适的”；evident意为“明显的，明白的”；obscure意为“昏暗的，朦胧的”。句意：当我们意识到我们花了多少时间待在家里时，室内设计的重要性就变得明显了。17. 单选题If you ask an agent to help you find an apartment, you have to pay him a （  ）before you can rent the house.问题1选项A.fineB.premiseC.premiumD.visit【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fine “罚款”；premise “前提，假定”；premium “额外费用，奖金，保险费”；visit “访问，参观”。句意：如果你让中介帮你找公寓，在你租房前需要支付额外费用给他。选项C符合题意。18. 翻译题Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the internationalmarketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of themembers of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variablelanguage, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics,technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, aninternational manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture.To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned and its interpretationcomes only through experience.one has tolive it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal withcultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around,following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. In some cases, globalization is afact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor businessapproaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in eachcountry has been compared to an organ transplant, the critical question centersaround acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the internationalmanager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or evenblindness.【答案】文化是国际市场中最具挑战性的因素之一。特定社会成员的这种习得行为模式系统是由一系列动态变化的语言、宗教、价值观和习俗、美学、技术、教育和社会制度不断塑造而成的。为了应对这个系统，国际经理需要真实的文化和用于解释文化的知识。在某种程度上，事实知识可以习得，而文化的解释只能来源于经验。在处理文化环境的问题时，最复杂的问题是来自于一个人无法学到文化他必须置身其中。商业世界中存在着两种关于如何处理文化多样性的思想流派。一种是认为全世界的商业都是公事公办，像百事和麦当劳一样。在某些情况下，全球化是无法改变的事实，然而，文化差异还远没有融合。另一种观点认为，企业必须根据不同的文化来调整经营模式。在每个国家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，关键问题在于接受与否。国际经理面临的主要挑战是确保拒绝接受不是文化近视甚至眼盲的结果。19. 单选题People tend to ignore the delayed effects of（  ）to chemicals because the danger doesn't become apparent immediately.问题1选项A.exposureB.exploitC.explosionD.exponent【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure “暴露”；exploit “功绩”；explosion “爆炸”；exponent “倡导者，鼓吹者”。句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题With the help of the government, a large number of people （  ）after the flood in 1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。survive “幸存，生还”；suspend“延缓”；suffer “遭受，允许，宽恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的帮助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下来。选项A符合题意。