介词的选用原则.doc

关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：1. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?2. Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?3. The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke. 介词的选用原则1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如： This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. (spend money on sth.为固定搭配) This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. (pay money for sth.为固定搭配)2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：I remember the day on which I joined the League. 强调在具体某一天要用介词onI remember the days during which I lived here. 强调在某几天时间内要用介词duringI remember the month in which I stayed there. 在month前介词要用in3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关 系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如： I dont like the way (that / in which/ -) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad. There are 80 students in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. 1. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross- river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which2. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 简析：题1: the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where; 后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题2: 表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。3. I have many friends, _some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom1.Do you like the book _ she spent $10?2.Do you like the book _ she paid $10?3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 6. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.7. This is the book _ I am looking for. 1. 定语从句中关系副词有： when, where, why 2. 关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份： 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语；where 作地点状语； why 作原因状语。如： He remember the day when his father died. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were late this time. when 作时间状语，意为 on the daywhere 作地点状语，意为in the placewhy作原因状语，意为for the reason3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 如： We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.比较: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。We believe the reason that he told us. 比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.4. 关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/during+which” where 相当于“in/at/on+which” why 相当于“for + which” 如：Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it.This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.1.The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.2.The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.3.The pen (_) she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum.4.Kunming is a beautiful place ( _ ) flowers are seen all the year round.5.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( _ ) the great writer used to live.6. I will never forgot the day (_ ) I first met you on the ship. 7. The film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系：“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。如：王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。这个句子有以下三种表达方式： The factory that/which Mr. Wang works in is a shoe one.The factory in which Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.The factory where Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.1.Those _ cant lose will never win either.2.The man _ stands there is Tom.3.The girl _ I met is Ms Li.4.The boy _ watch was lost is Tom.5.The book _ lies on the desk is his.6.The pen _ you bought is good.7.The magazine _ cover is red is nice.1. This is the best film _ Ive seen.2. That is the last lesson _ I gave you.3. This is the very book _ Im after.4. That is just the coat _ color is red.5. That is the right place _ he works.6. I still remember the schools and boys _ I met there.7. Everything _ you said is true. 8. Which is the book _ you want? 9. Who is the girl _ sits there.10. All _ he said is true. 1. A football fan（球迷） is _ has a strong interest in football.A. a thing that B. something thatC. a person who D. what2. The house， _ was destroyed in the terrible fire， has been repaired.A. the roof of which B. which roofC. its roofD. the roof3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day？A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about4. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A. that B. whatC. whyD. for which5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. thatC. who D. whom6. Who _ has common sense（常识） will do such a thing？A. which B. whoC. whom D. that7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. thoseC. whichD. what8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.A. what B. thatC. which D. where9. Ill tell you _ he told me last night.A. all which B. all whatC. that all D. all10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whosC. whose D. which11. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day？A. that B. whereC. in which D. the one12. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday？A. that B. where C. in whichD. the one13. -How do you like the book？-Its quite different from _ I read last month.A. that B. whichC. the one D. the one what14. Which sentence is wrong？A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform？C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.15. The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. whereC. on which D. in that16. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A. where B. on whichC. under which D. which17. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. which B. whereC. that D. about which18. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D.when youve arrived19. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. whom B. whoC. when D. because20. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. when B. during thatC. in which D. which21. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A. which B. whenC. on whichD. during which22. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _ he spent with his various students.A. when B. whichC. during which D. on which23. This is just the place _ I am longing to visit these years.A. that B. whereC. in which D. to where24. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou， _ live my grandparents and some relatives.A. which B. thatC. who D. where25. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed atC. we stayed D. in that we stayed26. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. thatC. which D. than27. He is not _ a fool _.A. such/as he is looked B. such/as he looksC. as/as he is looked D. so/as he looks28. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal？A. which B. whatC. why D. for that29. Some of the roads were flooded， _ made our journey more difficult.A. which B. itC. what D. that30. He must be from Africa， _ can be seen from his skin.A. that B. asC. who D. what31. He has two sons， _ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whomC. both of which D. all of whom32. The buses， _ were already full， were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of that B. which mostC. most of which D. that most33. My glasses， _ I was like a blind man， fell to the ground and broke.A. which B. with whichC. without which D. that34. Mr. Wu， _ everybody likes， is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A. whom B. thatC. which D. /35. This is Mr. Smith， _ I think has something interesting to tell us.A. who B. whomC. that D. /36. _， the compass was first made in China.A. It is know to all B. It is known thatC. We all know D. As is known to all37. I， _ your good friend， will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who amC. that is D. what is38. He is a man of great experience， _ much can be learned.A. who B. thatC. from which D. from whom39. It was such a serious mistake， _ caused by carelessness.A. which I think was B. which I think it wasC. I think which was D. I think which it was40. He lived in London for 3 months， during _ he picked up some English.A. this B. whichC. that D. when41. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _ he used to fight， _ he had been dreaming of for years.A. that/which B. where/thatC. in which/what D. where/which42. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A. who B. thatC. which D. whom43. He has to work on Sundays， _ he does not like.A. and which B. whichC. and when D. when44. I gave him a warning， _ he turned a deaf ear.A. of which B. for whichC. to that D. to which45. My father has made me _ I am.A. who B. whichC. what D. that46. She is one of the few girls who _ passed the examination.A. was B. wereC. has D. have47. He is my son， _ a better son does not exist.A. but B. than whoC. against whom D. than whom48. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan.A. who B. thatC. which D. as49. You may call on me from one to five oclock， during _ I am always at home.A. the time B. what timeC. that time D. which time50. China is the birthplace of kites， _ kiteflying（放风筝） spread to Japan， Korea， Thailand and India.A. from there B. whereC. from where D. there 答案1-5 CADAB 6-10 DABDC 11-15 ADCAC 16-20 ADCBC21-25 BBADA 26-30 ABCAB 31-35 BCCAA 36-40 DBDAB41-45 DABDC 46-50 DCDDC