形容词比较级和最高级

.形容词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er  、more +     ； 最高级：the +est、 most两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化1）规则变化构 成 方 法原  级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加-er/或-est/ist/cold  fast  以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-estnice  large  重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-er或-estbig  hot  以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasy  early  多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mosttired  easily   2）不规则变化：原  级比 较 级最 高 级many / much  little / few  good/well  bad/ill  far  old (表新旧)  (表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼) 3）比较级前的修饰词：much, even 甚至, (by) far 大大地, a little 有点, a bit 有点, still, yet, a lot 很,非常 常考知识点一 :形容词的比较级和最高级的构成（1）.      以不发音的e结尾，直接加-r或-st: nicenicernicest     largelargerlargest（2）.      以辅字母+y结尾的，变y为i，再加-er或-est: easyeasiereasiest            happyhappierhappiest（3）.      以“辅元辅”结尾的，双写末尾字母，再加-er或-est:   bigbiggerbiggest                               常见的还有：thin, fat, wet, red, sad                     hothotterhottest             （4）.     不规则变化：    goodbetterbest                  many/muchmoremost       (好坏多少远老)       badworseworst                   little(少)lessleast                 farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest                                    oldolder/elderoldest/eldest （5）.      其他较短的单词，直接在词尾加-er或-est。  smallsmaller    shortshorter（6）.      对于较长的单词，在其前加more，most即可。popularmore popularthe most popular              deliciousmore deliciousthe most delicious 【中考题】1. This T-shirt is not large enough. Please show me a _one.                               A. large      B. larger      C. largest2. She is the _ (good) student in her class.注意：下列词为易错， fewfewer   newnewernewest  clevercleverer   tiredmore tired                         pleasedmore pleased 常考知识点二 :含有比较级的句型结构1)        A is .than B:  A比B更.     The earth is bigger than the moon.2)        A do sth .than B:  A比B更.  He works harder than us.       【中考题】China has become much_(strong)than before. We are proud of her.3)        Which/ Who is ., A or B?   “A和B哪个/谁更.?”4)        . and .   “越“越来越.”       When spring comes, the days are getting longer and longer.5)        more and more. “越来越.”       The song is becoming more and more popular.【中考题】Many people prefer travel by plane. They think a plane is faster and _(safe)than a train.6）the.,the. “越.就越.”       The busier he is, the happier he feels.       The more you have, the more you want.【中考题】-Can you tell me why you learn English so well?                 -Its very simple. _you work, _grades you will get.                     A. The harder, the best        B. The hard, the better                         C. Harder, Better           D. The harder, the better 常考知识点三：比较级的修饰语当强调比较级的程度时，可以在形容词(或副词)的前面使用much, a little, a lot, even, still等。注意：quiet, so, very, enough这些词后面不能接比较级。只能接原级。              It is much colder today than yesterday.              My apple is a little bigger than yours.【中考题】The first computers were built in the 1940s. They were even _(big)than cars. 使用形容词比较级时的三个注意事项(易错点)：1)        比较的对象前后要保持一致。       ()The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.       (×)The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.2)        避免将主语包含在比较对象中。       ()China is bigger than any country in Africa.       (×)China is bigger than any other country in Africa.3)        避免重复使用比较级：       ()He is cleverer than his brother.       (×)He is more cleverer than his brother.【中考题】Tom is _(tall)than any other players in the school team.                     A. tall     B. taller    C. tallest     D. more taller 常考知识点四：形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于三者及以上的比较，表示在一定范围内“最.”。范围通常用in/of/among.来表达。形容词的常考句型：1)        A is the. in .          He is the tallest in his class.       或A is the. of .        He is the tallest of the three boys.       或A is the. among .   He is the tallest among the three boys.【中考题】Breakfast is _meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food.       A. important     B. more important    C. the most important    D. very important 2)        A is one of the最高级+复数名词   A是最.的之一。       Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan.       China is one of the largest countries in the world.【中考题】-What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?                     -Oh! Its one of _films Ive ever seen.A. interesting      B. more interesting    C. most interesting     D. the most interesting 3)        A isthe first 最高级+复数名词   A是第一最.的.       The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country.【中考题】印度是世界上第二人口大国。              India  has  the_ _ population in the world. 4)        Which/Who is the., A, B or C?   A, B 和C，哪个/谁最.?       Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?       Who is the thinnest, Kate, Tom or Mike? Step 5：【课堂训练】一、单项选择1. -Li Lei is  at Science.-But I think I can do than him.（2011中考）A.good;better          B.better;best         C.best;good         D.good;the best2 .Why dont you like winter in Beijing? (2010中考)Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou.A. as cold as     B. much colder than   C. not so cold as    D. not colder than3、What should we do now, Mr. Clark? （2013年黄冈，35）   Please turn to Page _and look at the _ picture.     A. Twelve; fifth      B. Twelfth; fifth      C. Twelve; five         D. Twelfth; five4、 How was your weekend? （2012年广州，29）  Great! It was my grandfathers _ birthday. We enjoyed ourselves. A. seventy              B. seventieth         C. the seventieth        D. seventeenth5、Three students ran faster than Lily in the race. Lily was _.(2012年佛山，34) A. the fourth             B. four              C. the third            D. three6、Is Beijing a city with a long history? (2012年湛江，23) Of course. And after the Olympic Games, _ people came to Beijing for a visit during the vacation. A. thousands of        B. thousand       C. five thousands        D. five thousand of二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1、She will be much_ (happy) in her new house.2、Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever).3、-How _(tall) is Sally?  -Shes 1.55 meters _(tall). What about Xiaoling？  -Shes only 1.40 meters _(tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _(short) girl in the class.4、She is one of the _(friendly) people in the class, I think.5、Which is _(heavy), a hen or a chicken?6、The _(much), the _(good).7、Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours.8、My sister is two years_ (old) than me.9、Johns parents have 3 sons, and John is the _ (young) child.10、The cheapest bag is not always the _ (bad) one.11、Which officer chair is _(expensive), the red one or the black one?12、Tom has _ (good) marks in English than Alice.13、Beijing is the _ (big) city in China.14、Who has _ (many) stamps, Jim, Helen or Mary?三、根据中文提示完成下列句子。1. 今天比昨天热多了。It is much _ today _ it was yesterday.2. 我的书包比她的书包重。My bag is _ _ hers.3. 你们班上谁最受欢迎？Who is_ _ _ student in your class?4. 我们用更低的价钱买到了电脑，比预期中的要幸运。We bought the computer at a _ _ and we were _ than we expected. Step6：课后作业     一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Thank you for _ (help) me!2. She went to see a film without _ (tell) her parents.3. Every day he spends an hour _ (practise) the piano.4. Miss Smith told me how _ (use) a dictionary.5. The little boy used _ (be) a bad student. But he studies well now.6. We can use computers _ (search) the Internet.7. The big dog can do many things like _ (catch) thieves.8. The little girl is good at _ (play) the piano.9. Are you able _ (finish) your homework in an hour.10. This computer was _ (make) in China.二、完型填空。     Computers are very useful and helpful today. We middle school students like computers very much. Some _1_ use them to play computer games, while some use them to _2_ useful information.     My father bought a _3_ as a birthday present for me last year. It became my best friend. I'd like to_4_ on the computer as soon as I got back home. At weekends, I often played games _5_ with my friends. I made a lot of friends on the Internet. But my eyesight became _6_, and I was unable to _7_ my homework without my glasses. My father took away the computer. He told me that I should _8_ my eyes.     The computer is _9_ used nowadays. It can not only help us work, but also offer us all kinds of games. But if we spend too much time _10_ in front of the computer, it will do harm to our health. We should make good use of it.(   ) 1. A. students    B. teachers    C. doctors     D. workers(   ) 2. A. look at    B. look after    C. look up     D. look to(   ) 3. A. machine   B. book      C. toy          D. computer(   ) 4. A. stand     B. play        C. take         D. jump(   ) 5. A. in line    B. online      C. with line     D. out of line(   ) 6. A. better and better          B. brighter and brighter      C. stronger and stronger      D. worse and worse(   ) 7. A. cut     B. finish    C. kill      D. say(   ) 8. A. get along well with   B. take care of   C. learn about   D. be interested in(   ) 9. A. loudly      B. widely    C. narrowly      D. quietly(   ) 10. A. sitting    B. sleeping    C. eating       D. singing三、阅读理解。         Is the American class different from ours? Let's learn about it together!    Be on time! They think it is impolite to be late in America. If you come late, be sure to enter quietly. You don't need to knock at the door before you go into the classroom.    If the teacher asks a question, you should give an answer. If you don't understand the question, you should raise your hand and ask the teacher to repeat the question. If you don't know the answer, it is all right to tell the teacher that you don't know it.    Copying another student's test paper is never acceptable (可接受的). They call it cheating. At most schools in America, they kick out the students who cheat.    In America, you should use Mr, Miss, Ms or Mrs before your teacher's last name, not "teacher".    Before going into a teacher's office, you should knock at the door first. Knock first, and then wait.(  ) 1. When the teacher asks a question, you should _.A. give an answer  B. raise your hand  C. repeat the question  D. know the answer(  ) 2. You _ before you go into the classroom if you are late.A. need to knock at the door   B. don't need to knock at the doorC. need to be invited in       D. don't need to come in    (  ) 3. What do the underlined words "kick out" mean?A. Ask someone to do much homework.   B. Make someone leave the school.C. Make someone come into the school.   D. Ask someone's parents to go to the school.(  ) 4. If a teacher's name is Tim Green, students should call him_.A. Tim     B. Mr Tim     C. Green      D. Mr Green(  ) 5. Which of the follow is NOT true according to the passage? A. You may copy another student's test paper.B. If you have to come in late, be sure to do it quietly.C. Knock at the door first before you go into the teacher's office.D. If you don't know the answer to a question, you can tell the teacher.四、情景对话。A. How much is it?B. What can I do for you?C. I have a computer of my own.D. We have great discounts for students.E. Do you want to have a cup of coffee?F. I also want to get a system of Windows XP.G. Which kind of computer do you want, a desktop or a laptop?   A: Welcome to our computer shop. (1) _B: I need to buy a computer. I was told it is cheaper to buy computers here.A: Yes, that's true. (2) _B: That's great, but I dont know much about computers.A: I will help you. (3) _B: I want a desktop with a lot of memory.A: Then, what kind of system would you like? We have Windows XP and Windows Vista.B: Most of my classmates use Windows XP. (4) _A: Windows XP is really an excellent system. Look. This is the one you want to choose.B: Wow. It's wonderful. (5) _A: It's 4000 yuan. But we can give you a 30% discount.B: OK. I will take this one.DOC资料.