语法讲座：从句

语法讲座：从句一名词性从句 :1. 主要包括主语从句 , 宾语从句 , 表语从句和同位语从句 . 一般由 that 引起 , 也可由 who,what,when, why,which,whom,whether,how引起 .Whatyou needismorepractice.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Wemust findoutwhodidallthis.WeexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChina again.2.主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面, 而用代词 it作形式上的主语 .例如 :Itisn t likelythatIshouldacceptsuchanofferas that.Itisstilla questionwhenwe shallhaveoursportsmeet.3. 形式宾语I thinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.Shetookitforgrantedthathewould receiveitwith shame.4.由名词性关系代词whatever,whoever,whichever等引起的宾语从句Hewilldowhatevertheteacheraskshimtodo.I lltakewhoeverwantstogowithmetothetheatre.Takewhicheveryoulikebest.5.whetherandif都能引导从句 ,但用法有所不同.当主语从句直接位于句首时 ,应用 whether,而不用 if.Whether后能直接 or not,但 if不能 .Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotknown.6. 在名词 reason 后的表语从句必须用 that 引导 , 不可误用 because.Thereasonwhyheisoftenlateforclassisthathehasthebadhabitofgettinguplate inthemorning.二 :定语从句1.引导定语从句的关系词有who,whom,whose,that,when,where,whyandwhich.在非限制定语从句中,只可用 which,who,whose,where,when.,如果指代前面整个句子 ,多用 which.Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposalareexpectedtodiscussitindetailafterthemeeting.Therearemanyorganizationswhosepurposeistohelpthehomeless.Thedayswhenwehadtorelyonwool,cottonorsilkforourclotheshavenow passed.Airmovesfromplaceswherethepressurewashightoplaceswherethepressureislow.Thisisthereasonwhyherefusedtohelpus.Hewasbornin1976,whenanearthquake struckthecountry.Theyturnedablindeyetothesufferingofthepeople,whichenragedallofus.2.当引导定语从句的先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,veryfirst等词 ,或 先 行 词 前 为 形 容 词 级 所 修 饰 时 , 或 先 行 词 为 all,anything,nothing,something,everything时 , 从句的引导词只能用that.Theonlythingthatmatterstothechildrenishowsoontheycanhavetheirholiday.Thesearetheverypointsthatpuzzleme.Isthereanythingthatbothersyou?Thisisthe bestfilmthatwaseverproduced bythecompany.3.as可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such,thesame连用 .As引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子,既可放在先行词后 ,也可放在句子开头 .Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.Theboywasrunoverbyamotor-car,asoftenhappenedinpre-liberationShanghai.Asisoftenthe case,thegirlforgottobringherdictionary.Weareopposedtosuchideasasarenotbaseduponobjectivefacts.4. 介词 +which/whom/whose 从句Thedriveristheman fromwhoseroomshehad stolenthegoldwatch.Languageisatoolbymeansofwhich peoplecommunicateideaswitheachother.Janespentalleveningtalkingaboutherlatestbook,ofwhichnoneofushadeverheard.Waterdissolvesapartofnearlyeverything_itcomesincontact.a.whereb.thatcwithwhichdassoonas5.代/ 名 +介词 +which从句heisneedingabook,thename ofwhichI don'tknow.Infactoriesandinourdailylife,therearemanywastematerials,allofwhichcanheturnedintousefulthingsundercertaincondition.Tomakeanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.6. 同位语从句和定语从句ThenewsthathehasbeenadmittedbyHarvardUniversityisverypleasing.Thenewstheyoutoldmewasreallyexciting.7. 难句 :Heisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthe group.Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.Irememberthemorningwhen hefirstcametoschool.IshallneverforgetthedayswhichIspentinthecountryside.Theroomwherehelivediskeptingoodrepair.Alvafoundaplaceinthecellar_heusesashisfirstlaboratory.AwhereBwhich CwhatDinwhichThewayinwhich/thatyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.三状语从句 :修饰主句中的动词,形容词和副词 ,通常有从属连词引导,按其意义和作用可分为时间,地点,条件,原因,让步,目的,结果,方式,比较. 等1. 时间状语从句 :1)常见连词有after,as,before,once,since,till,(not)until,when,whenever(nomatterwhen),while,aslongas,assoonasetc.Asyoulookatyourselfinamirror,you llseenanidenticalimageofyourself.Itisalongtimebeforeitispossibletotestthemedicineonhumanpatients.ItwasnotuntilthatNotuntildidheNotuntilIreceivedtheletter,didIknowhehadgonetoAmerica.Itwasnotuntil.WhenIgottotheairport,IsuddenlyrememberedthatIhadlefttheticketbehind.Iwasabouttoleave,whensomethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.Wheneverwehavedifficulty,hellcometohelpus.2)nosooner than,hardly(scarcely,barely)when:刚做 就 .NosoonerhadIopenedthedoorthanthe telephonerang.Shehadscarcelynewswhenshefainted.3)还有immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond,everytimeetcI lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.2.地点状语从句 :一般用 whereorwherever引导Iwillstand whereIcanseetheparadeclearly.Whereverthey went, they were warmly welcome.3.条件状语从句: 真实条件从句:if,unless,solongas,providedthat,supposingthat,onconditionthat,intheeventthat,incasethatetcIwillnotgotoherpartyifshedoesn tinviteme.Iwillnotgotoherpartyunlesssheinvitesme.4.原因状语从句 :从属连词有because,as,since,for,now,that,inthat,seeingthat,consideringthat(鉴于, 由于)Astheschoolregulationsare writtenquiteclearly,thereisnothingmoretobeexplained.Consideringthatthesweaterwashardmade,itwasnotexpensive.Seeingthattheyareinexperienced,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.5. 让步状语从句 :1):evenif,though,even though,while(尽管 )nomatterwhat/how/which,however,whatever,whichever,howeveretc.Hewillnotgiveupsmokingeventhoughthedoctoradviseshim to.Whatevertheconsequence maybe, Iwillbeonyourside.HoweverIthashardbeenshethetried sametoresult,explain,nobodytrustedwhicheverwayyoudoher.it.2) 由 as 引起的让步从句 , 语气较强烈 , 被强调的词须放在句首 .Simpleasthequestionmayseem,itisnotatallcommon innature.Coldasitis,thechildrenplayoutdoors.MuchasIrespecthim,Ican tagreewithhim.Objectasyoumay,Iwillgoonwithmyplan.3) whether or, 不管 或 whetheryou beastudentora teacher,youarerequiredtoobeytheregulationsoftheschool.6.结果状语从句 :sothat,so that,such thatHeissohumorousthatwe llneverforgethim.Sheissuchanicegirlthateverybodylikestomakefriendswithher.7.目的状语从句:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest,incaseI checkedalltheresultstimeandagainforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistakes.Telephoneusinadvanceinorderthatwemightmakethenecessaryarragements.8.方式状语从句 :as,justas,asif:如同 一样weshoulddotheexerciseasourteachertellsus.Youtalkasifyouhadreallybeenthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Nailsprotecttheendsofhumanfingersandtoesasclawprotectthetoesofmostanimals.Theyoungmanoperatesthemachineas theoldworkerhastaughthim.9. 比较状语从句 :1)as as,notso/as asthefilmwas notsoexcitingaswe expected.Thehistoryofnursingisasoldasthe historyof man.Shelikesthemalmostasmuch asPauldoes.2)比较级 +than,somuch/alotmore thanShelooksmuchyoungerthansheis.Theuniverseisalotmorecomplicatedthan youthink.3) no more than,not more than, less thanJackisnomorefrightenedthanMikeis.JackisnotmorefrightenedthanMikeis.不像马克那么害怕TomisnomorerichthanBlack3)themore themoreThefarthernorthyougo,thesevererthewinteris.Themore Iseeofhim,thelessIlikehim.备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。本内容仅给予阅读编辑指点：1 、本文件由微软OFFICE 办公软件编辑而成，同时支持WPS 。2 、文件可重新编辑整理。3 、建议结合本公司和个人的实际情况进行修正编辑。4 、因编辑原因，部分文件文字有些微错误的，请自行修正，并不影响本文阅读。Note:it is notthetext.Thefollowingpartscanbe deletedforactualuse.This contentonlygivesinstructions:readingandediting1. This document is edited by Microsoft office office software and supports WPS.2. The files can be edited and reorganized.3. It is suggested to revise and edit according to the actual situation of the company and individuals.4. Due to editing reasons, some minor errors in the text of some documents should be corrected by yourself, which does not affect the reading of this article.