中考英语语法语法高频考点提升训练专题9简单句和并列句

专题9 简单句与并列句考点一、简单句的类型及其用法1）S + Vi + 副词（状语）eg：Birds sing beautifully.2）S + Vi + 介词短语（状语）eg：He went on holiday.3）S + Vi + 不定式（状语）eg：We stopped to have a rest.4）S + Vi + 分词（状语）eg：I'll go swimming.简单句 基本句型一：主+谓= +i （主不及物动词）1）S + V + 名词/代词  eg：He is a boy.2）S + V + 形容词  eg：She is beautiful.3）S + V +副词 eg：Class isover.4）S + V + 介词短语 eg：He isin good health.5）S + V+ 分词  eg：He is excited.  基本句型二：+ 系+ （主系表）1）S + Vt + 名词/代词   eg：I like music.   She hates him.2）S + Vt + 不定式   eg：I want to help him.3）S + Vt + 疑问词+ 不定式   eg：I don't know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有：ask, decide, forget,  know等。4）S + Vt + 动名词   eg：I enjoyliving here.常用于这句型的动词有：advise, enjoy, finish, mind,等。5）S + Vt + 宾语从句  eg：I don't think (that) he is right.常用于这句型的动词有：hope, know, notice, think,等。 基本句型三：+ t + （主及物宾）1）S + Vt + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语eg：I sent him a book.  Give me a cup of tea ,please.2）S + Vt + 直接宾语+ to/for + 间接宾语eg：He sent a book to me.  Show this house to Mr. Smith说明 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：bring, give, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。间接宾语前加for 的常用动词有：buy, get, make 等。 基本句型四：+ t + IO + DO （主及物间宾直宾）1）S + Vt + 宾语+ 名词  eg：We named our babyTom.2）S + Vt + 宾语+ 形容词  eg：He painted the wall white.3）S + Vt + 宾语+ 介词短语eg：I often find him at work .4）S + Vt + 宾语+ 不定式 eg：I wish you to stay.  5）S + Vt + 宾语+ 分词 eg：I heard my namecalled（表示被动）；I feel something moving（表示进行）.6）S + Vt + 宾语+ 疑问词+不定式 eg：He show me how to do it. 基本句型五：+ t + + （主及物宾宾补）1. 基本句型一：主+谓= +i （主不及物动词）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如: S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓语）We come.；The babycried.此句型的句子有一个共同特点：即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. 基本句型二：+ 系+ （主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。表语也就是主语的补足语This is an English-Chinese dictionary.The dinner smells good.            He is growing tall and strong.      3. 基本句型三：+ t + （主及物宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。eg：Who knows the answer?He likes English.4. 基本句型四：+ t + IO + DO（主及物间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 它们通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。eg:  Shegavemea new book.Hebroughtyou a dictionary.5. 基本句型五：+ t + + （主及物宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。考点二、并列句的类型及其用法常用的连词有 and( 同，和 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后 ), not onlybut (also)( 不仅而且 ), neithernor（既不也不）等。如：He helps me and I help him. He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 联合关系常用的连词有or( 或者，否则 ), otherwise( 否则 ), or else( 否则 ), ither.or( 不是就是 ) 。如：You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.  选择关系并列句常用的连词有 but( 但是，可是，只是因为), while( 而、却 ), yet( 可是 ) 等。如：I like tea while she likes coffee.She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. 此处，还有副词 still( 仍然），however( 然而 ) 也表示转折关系。Although she felt ill, she still went to work.  转折关系常用的连词有 for（因为）和so（所以，因此）等。如：I am thirsty, for it is hot.The manager was ill so I went in her place. 注意： so 不与 because 连用 因果关系一、选择填空1.Ihelphim_hehelpsme.Wehelpeachother.A.but B.and C.or D.though2._he_Iamadoctor.A.Both;and B.Either;nor C.Neither;nor D.Neither;and3Someofuswouldliketoactthestory_itisn'tfinishedyet.A.but B.and C.though D.so4Onemoreweek,_wewillfinishthetask.A.or B.sothat C.and D.if5"Thegroundmustbejustright_toowet_toodry.A.either;or B.both;and C.between;and D.neither;nor6Samwasillyesterday,sohe_hishomework.A.didn't B.notdid C.didn'tdo D.didn'tdid 7Sorry,there'sonlyoneseatleft._you_shecanhaveit.A.neither;nor B.Either;or C.Both;and D.Not;but8He_coffeeatall.He_tea.A.doesn'tlike,prefers B.likes,doesn'tpreferC.wouldlike,notprefers D.prefers,isnotfoodof9We_happyaboutthepriceofmeat.A.don't B.arenot C.won't D.weren'tbeing10I_troublefindingtheplace.A.didn'thavemany B.haven'tagreatdealofC.didn'thavemuch D.hadn'talotof11_ofuslikesthefilm.A.Both B.All C.Neither D.Some12Whichsentenceisright? A.Idon'tthinkthatheisnotright. B.Ithinkheisnotright.C.Idon'tthinkthatheisright. D.Ithinkhewasnotright.13Theyare_young_carrytheboxontothetable.A.enough;too B.too;to C.so;to D. very;to14They_lunchathomeeveryday. A.havenot B.didn'thave C.don'thave D.havenotany15-_isyourEnglishteacherlike?-Heistallandthin. A.How B.What C.Which D./ 16-_doyoulikethenewplay?-It'sgoodandinteresting. A.How B.Which C.What D.Whom 17Payattentionplease,_ofyouwanttoattendtheparty?A.who B.which C.whom D.what18-_didyousleeplastnight?-Istayeduptoolatetogotosleep.A.How B.When C.Why D.Where19Itisgettingdark.Ourteacher_.A.letsustogohome B.letsusgohomeC.letusgotohome D.letwegohome20_shesings!A.Whatbeautiful B.Howbeautiful C.Whatbeautifully D.Howbeautifully二、用括号内所给词的适当词汇填空1._（Whata/ What）friendlyboyheis!Yes.Hesalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.Yourfatherwenttotheparkyesterday,_ ?（didnthe/ doesnthe）?Yes,hedid.3.Idontlikehorrorfilms.Theyreterrible._（NeitherIdo/ NeitherdoI）. 4. Payattentiontoyourmanners, _（or/ either）youllbelaughedat.5.Dontyougotoschoolbybike?_（No,Ido/ No,Idont）.Iwalktoschooleveryday.6._（Where/ Who）isyourfather,Mike?Heiscookinginthekitchen.7. Iwillgofishingthisweekend._（SoIwill/ SowillI）.Letsgotogether.8.Dontbelateforschoolnexttime,_（willyou/ doyou）?No,Iwont. 9.It never rains（but / and）it pours. 10.I like tea（while / when）she likes coffee.三、翻译下列简单句。1.天气很冷。2.我父亲是一个物理老师。3.他父亲出国了。4.他在一家大公司工作。5.我喜欢流行音乐。6.她知道下一步做什么。7.他教我们化学。8.请告诉我你的电话号码。9.我们必须保持房间干净。10.他喜欢看男孩们踢足球。四、词语运用根据汉语的提示，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使句子通顺、意思完整。or；otherwise；eitheror；although；for；so；neithernor；andor (else)；yet； but； still； however； not onlybut also；when1.He helps me_and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。2.He _not only gave us a lot of advice, _but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。3.I was just leaving _ the telephone rang. 我正要离开，电话铃响了。4.Hurry up, _ youll be late.快点，否则就会迟到了。5.Will he still be there _ will he have gone away?他那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？6.You must go early, _ you will miss the bus.你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。7._ Tom is coming _ his sisters are.不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。8.She said she would be late, _ she arrived on time.她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。9.She looks very young, _ she is already in her 30s.她看上去很年轻 , 可是她已三十多岁了。10.He is good-natured; _ I don''t like him.他脾气很好 , 可是我还是不喜欢他。11.The book is expensive; _, it''s worth it.这本书很贵；却很值。12. _ she felt ill, she still went to work.她虽然感觉不舒服，但她仍然去上班。13.I am thirsty, _ it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。14.The manager was ill _ I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。15. Neither_ has he changed his mind, nor_ will he do so. 他既没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。五、词语运用阅读短文，用but；for；so；and填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。Last week I went to the theatre_1_I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting _2_ I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me _3_they were talking loudly. I got very angry, _4_I could not hear the actors,_5_ I turned round and looked at the man and the woman angrily, _6_ they did not pay attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned around again. "I cant hear a word. I said angrily. "Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!六、完形填空Many people keeps small fish _1_ pet. They keep them in a tank _2_ a lot of water and small plants in it. The tank is made of glass so that people can see inside the tank _3_ watchthe fish. The fish need room. They mustn't be crowded. They need oxygen to breathe._4_ must be enough water for all fish. _5_the size of the tank is very important. In the tank people put small plants which are good for fish. They give oxygen to the water. Plants help the fish in other ways, too. They can hide among the plants, sleep _6_  lay eggs there.The fish _7_be kept in water all the time. So the tank should be covered _8_ the fish will iump out. The fish need food and should be fed every day. _9_ if you give them too much food, it is very bad, _10_the extra food willl fall to the bottom and make the water dirty. So the fish should get just enough food and finish it in ten minutes.Nothing should be left. 1.A. for B. as C. because D. because of2. A. with B within C. without D. having 3. A.but B and C. so D. or4. A.Here B. There C. That D. This5. A. So B. yet C. but D. still 6. A. and B.for C. when D.or (else)7.A.may B. should C. can  D. could8.A otherwise B. or C.yet D. A and B9.A. But B. Though C. however D. although10. A. for B.so C. enriched D enriching参考答案：一、15BCCCD6-10CBABC11-15CCBCB16-20ABCBD二、1. Whata 2. didnthe 3. NeitherdoI 4.or 5. No,Idont 6. Where 7. canhe 8. SowillI 9. but 10. while三、The weather is very coldMy father is a physics teacherHis father has gone abroadHe works in a big companyI like popular musicShe knows what to do nextHe teaches us chemistryPlease tell me your telephone numberWe must keep the room cleanHe likes to watch the boys playing football四、1.and 2.not onlybut also 3.when 4.or (else) 5.or 6.otherwise 7.eitheror 8.yet 9.but 10.still 11.however 12.although 13.for 14.so 15. Neithernor五、1.and 2.but 3.and 4.for 5.so 6.but六、15BABBA 610ABDAA