电子时钟设计实验报告

.单片机电子时钟设计报告一、 设计任务本次课程设计的电子时钟电路，是基于单片机STC89C52、时钟芯片和液晶显示，运用C语言编程实现。电子时钟可以显示日期的年、月、日和时间的时、分、秒，具有复位功能。二、 系统硬件设备及芯片简介数字电子钟系统设计已经成熟，但是目前系统设计时基本 都是采用 LED 作为显示电路，造成硬件电路复杂、功耗高、产 品体积庞大等特点；液晶显示模块由于具有低功耗、寿命长、 体积小、显示内容丰富、价格低、接口控制方便等优点，因此 在各类电子产品中被极广泛地推广和应用。字符型液晶显示模 块是一类专门用于显示字母、数字、符号等点阵式液晶显示模 块。本系统设计采用字符型液品显示模块 LCD1602 作为显示器 件，这样不仅简化了系统的硬件设计，而且极大地提高了系统 的可靠性。1LCD1602简介字符型液晶显示模块 LCD1602已经是单片机应用设计中 最常用的信息显示器件。LCD1602可以显示两行，每行16个 字符，采用5V电源供电，外围电路配置简单，价格便宜，具 有很高的性价比。2LCD1602功能介绍2.1 引脚功能LCD1602采用标准14脚（无背光）或16脚（带背光）接口，各引脚功能见表1。表 1 引脚功能编号符号引脚说明编号符号引脚说明1VSS电源地9D2Data I/O2VDD电源正极10D3Data I/O3VL液晶显示偏压信号11D4Data I/O4RS数据/命令选择端12D5Data I/O5R/W读/写选择端13D6Data I/O6E使能信号14D7Data I/O7D0Data I/O15BLA背光源正极8D1Data I/O16BLK背光源负极2.2 LCD1602读写指令LCD1602读写指令较多且较复杂，具体使用可以查相关资料，下面仅列出最常用的的一些命令：写指令 38H：显示模式设置；写指令 08H：显示关闭；写指令 01H：显示清屏；写指令 06H：显示光标移动设置；写指令 0CH：显示开及光标设置。2.3 LCD1602 读写操作时序LCD1602 读写操作时序总体上来说是比较简单的，掌握其有两种方法：一种是只看时序图，另外一种方法是直接记忆和总结读写时电平高低和变化。很显然第二种更简单和直接，下面就列出典型读写的时序要求，以方便编写程序。（1） 读状态：输入：RSL，RWH，EH。 输出：D0D7状态字。（2） 写指令：输入：RSL,RWL,D0D7指令码，E上升沿。输出：无。（3）读数据：输入：RSH，RWH，EH。输出：D0D7数据。（4）写 数 据：输入：RSH,RWL,D0D7数据，E上升沿。输出：无。2.4 LCD1602显示方法液晶显示模块是慢速显示器件，所以在执行每条指令之前一定要确认模块的忙标志为低电平（即不忙），否则该指令失效。显示字符时，要先输入显示字符地址，即告诉模块在哪里显示字符。因为写入显示地址时要求最高位D7 恒定为高电平，所以实际写入的数据应该是要显示地址值加上80H，即将最高位D7置为1。在使用此显示模块时一般要对其进行初始化，设置所需要的显示参数。液晶模块在显示字符时光标是自动右移的，无需人工干预。每次输入指令前，都要判断液晶模块是否处于忙状态。3数字电子钟硬件电路设计硬件电路系统设计主要由单片机最小系统、输入电路、输 出电路等组成。单片机最小系统同所有单片机系统，在此不作 讨论。输入电路主要时间调节电路，为简化系统我们使两个外 部中断来调节“时”和“分”数值，即将INT0、INT1分别接 两个按钮。LCD显示器和单片机接口电路可以采用总线方式或 者是模拟口线方式，本设计采用第二种方式，即以单片机 I/O 模拟控制信号。具体电路见图 1，P0口作为数据，并接上拉电 阻提升电压，P2.0接LCD的RS端、P2.1 接LCD的R/W端、 P2.2接LCD的E端，“分”调节按钮接INT0，“时”调节按钮 接INT1，图1 省略了电源和单片机最小系统电路。图 1 数字电子钟硬件电路 三、 设计电路图及程序1. 电路图如下原理图如下：2. 程序共有四段程序，用Keil仿真是程序列表如图Regx52.h程序为：*ifndef _AT89X52_H_*define _AT89X52_H_sfr P0 = 0x80;sfr SP = 0x81;sfr DPL = 0x82;sfr DPH = 0x83;sfr PCON = 0x87;sfr TCON = 0x88;sfr TMOD = 0x89;sfr TL0 = 0x8A;sfr TL1 = 0x8B;sfr TH0 = 0x8C;sfr TH1 = 0x8D;sfr P1 = 0x90;sfr SCON = 0x98;sfr SBUF = 0x99;sfr P2 = 0xA0;sfr IE = 0xA8;sfr P3 = 0xB0;sfr IP = 0xB8;sfr T2CON = 0xC8;sfr T2MOD = 0xC9;sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA;sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB;sfr TL2 = 0xCC;sfr TH2 = 0xCD;sfr PSW = 0xD0;sfr ACC = 0xE0;sfr B = 0xF0;/*-P0 Bit Registers-*/sbit P0_0 = 0x80;sbit P0_1 = 0x81;sbit P0_2 = 0x82;sbit P0_3 = 0x83;sbit P0_4 = 0x84;sbit P0_5 = 0x85;sbit P0_6 = 0x86;sbit P0_7 = 0x87;/*-PCON Bit Values-*/*define IDL_ 0x01*define STOP_ 0x02*define PD_ 0x02 /* Alternate definition */*define GF0_ 0x04*define GF1_ 0x08*define SMOD_ 0x80/*-TCON Bit Registers-*/sbit IT0 = 0x88;sbit IE0 = 0x89;sbit IT1 = 0x8A;sbit IE1 = 0x8B;sbit TR0 = 0x8C;sbit TF0 = 0x8D;sbit TR1 = 0x8E;sbit TF1 = 0x8F;/*-TMOD Bit Values-*/*define T0_M0_ 0x01*define T0_M1_ 0x02*define T0_CT_ 0x04*define T0_GATE_ 0x08*define T1_M0_ 0x10*define T1_M1_ 0x20*define T1_CT_ 0x40*define T1_GATE_ 0x80*define T1_MASK_ 0xF0*define T0_MASK_ 0x0F/*-P1 Bit Registers-*/sbit P1_0 = 0x90;sbit P1_1 = 0x91;sbit P1_2 = 0x92;sbit P1_3 = 0x93;sbit P1_4 = 0x94;sbit P1_5 = 0x95;sbit P1_6 = 0x96;sbit P1_7 = 0x97;sbit T2 = 0x90; /* External input to Timer/Counter 2, clock out */sbit T2EX = 0x91; /* Timer/Counter 2 capture/reload trigger & dir ctl */*-SCON Bit Registers-*/sbit RI = 0x98;sbit TI = 0x99;sbit RB8 = 0x9A;sbit TB8 = 0x9B;sbit REN = 0x9C;sbit SM2 = 0x9D;sbit SM1 = 0x9E;sbit SM0 = 0x9F;/*-P2 Bit Registers-*/sbit P2_0 = 0xA0;sbit P2_1 = 0xA1;sbit P2_2 = 0xA2;sbit P2_3 = 0xA3;sbit P2_4 = 0xA4;sbit P2_5 = 0xA5;sbit P2_6 = 0xA6;sbit P2_7 = 0xA7;/*-IE Bit Registers-*/sbit EX0 = 0xA8; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 0 */sbit ET0 = 0xA9; /* 1=Enable Timer 0 interrupt */sbit EX1 = 0xAA; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 1 */sbit ET1 = 0xAB; /* 1=Enable Timer 1 interrupt */sbit ES = 0xAC; /* 1=Enable Serial port interrupt */sbit ET2 = 0xAD; /* 1=Enable Timer 2 interrupt */sbit EA = 0xAF; /* 0=Disable all interrupts */*-P3 Bit Registers (Mnemonics & Ports)-*/sbit P3_0 = 0xB0;sbit P3_1 = 0xB1;sbit P3_2 = 0xB2;sbit P3_3 = 0xB3;sbit P3_4 = 0xB4;sbit P3_5 = 0xB5;sbit P3_6 = 0xB6;sbit P3_7 = 0xB7;sbit RXD = 0xB0; /* Serial data input */sbit TXD = 0xB1; /* Serial data output */sbit INT0 = 0xB2; /* External interrupt 0 */sbit INT1 = 0xB3; /* External interrupt 1 */sbit T0 = 0xB4; /* Timer 0 external input */sbit T1 = 0xB5; /* Timer 1 external input */sbit WR = 0xB6; /* External data memory write strobe */sbit RD = 0xB7; /* External data memory read strobe */*-IP Bit Registers-*/sbit PX0 = 0xB8;sbit PT0 = 0xB9;sbit PX1 = 0xBA;sbit PT1 = 0xBB;sbit PS = 0xBC;sbit PT2 = 0xBD;/*-T2CON Bit Registers-*/sbit CP_RL2= 0xC8; /* 0=Reload, 1=Capture select */sbit C_T2 = 0xC9; /* 0=Timer, 1=Counter */sbit TR2 = 0xCA; /* 0=Stop timer, 1=Start timer */sbit EXEN2= 0xCB; /* Timer 2 external enable */sbit TCLK = 0xCC; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 overflow, 1=Timer 2 */sbit RCLK = 0xCD; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 overflow, 1=Timer 2 */sbit EXF2 = 0xCE; /* Timer 2 external flag */sbit TF2 = 0xCF; /* Timer 2 overflow flag */*-T2MOD Bit Values-*/*define DCEN_ 0x01 /* 1=Timer 2 can be configured as up/down counter */*define T2OE_ 0x02 /* Timer 2 output enable */*-PSW Bit Registers-*/sbit P = 0xD0;sbit FL = 0xD1;sbit OV = 0xD2;sbit RS0 = 0xD3;sbit RS1 = 0xD4;sbit F0 = 0xD5;sbit AC = 0xD6;sbit CY = 0xD7;/*-Interrupt Vectors:Interrupt Address = (Number * 8) + 3-*/*define IE0_VECTOR0 /* 0x03 External Interrupt 0 */*define TF0_VECTOR1 /* 0x0B Timer 0 */*define IE1_VECTOR2 /* 0x13 External Interrupt 1 */*define TF1_VECTOR3 /* 0x1B Timer 1 */*define SIO_VECTOR4 /* 0x23 Serial port */*define TF2_VECTOR5 /* 0x2B Timer 2 */*define EX2_VECTOR5 /* 0x2B External Interrupt 2 */*endifLCD1602驱动程序为：*ifndef LCD_CHAR_1602_2005_4_9*define LCD_CHAR_1602_2005_4_9*include <intrins.h>/Port Definitions*sbit LcdRs= P20;sbit LcdRw= P21;sbit LcdEn = P22;sfr DBPort = 0x80;/P0=0x80,P1=0x90,P2=0xA0,P3=0xB0.数据端口/内部等待函数*unsigned char LCD_Wait(void)LcdRs=0;LcdRw=1;_nop_();LcdEn=1;_nop_();/while(DBPort&0x80);/在用Proteus仿真时，注意用屏蔽此语句，在调用GotoXY()时，会进入死循环， /可能在写该控制字时，该模块没有返回写入完备命令，即DBPort&0x80=0x80 /实际硬件时打开此语句LcdEn=0;return DBPort;/向LCD写入命令或数据*define LCD_COMMAND0 / Command*define LCD_DATA1 / Data*define LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN0x01 / 清屏*define LCD_HOMING 0x02 / 光标返回原点void LCD_Write(bit style, unsigned char input)LcdEn=0;LcdRs=style;LcdRw=0;_nop_();DBPort=input;_nop_();/注意顺序LcdEn=1;_nop_();/注意顺序LcdEn=0;_nop_();LCD_Wait();/设置显示模式*define LCD_SHOW0x04 /显示开*define LCD_HIDE0x00 /显示关 *define LCD_CURSOR0x02 /显示光标*define LCD_NO_CURSOR0x00 /无光标 *define LCD_FLASH0x01 /光标闪动*define LCD_NO_FLASH0x00 /光标不闪动void LCD_SetDisplay(unsigned char DisplayMode)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x08|DisplayMode);/设置输入模式*define LCD_AC_UP0x02*define LCD_AC_DOWN0x00 / default*define LCD_MOVE0x01 / 画面可平移*define LCD_NO_MOVE0x00 /defaultvoid LCD_SetInput(unsigned char InputMode)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x04|InputMode);/移动光标或屏幕*/*define LCD_CURSOR0x02 *define LCD_SCREEN0x08*define LCD_LEFT0x00*define LCD_RIGHT0x04void LCD_Move(unsigned char object, unsigned char direction)if(object=LCD_CURSOR)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x10|direction);if(object=LCD_SCREEN)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x18|direction);*/初始化LCD*void LCD_Initial()LcdEn=0;LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38); /8位数据端口,2行显示,5*7点阵LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38);LCD_SetDisplay(LCD_SHOW|LCD_NO_CURSOR); /开启显示, 无光标LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN); /清屏LCD_SetInput(LCD_AC_UP|LCD_NO_MOVE); /AC递增, 画面不动/*void GotoXY(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)if(y=0)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|x);if(y=1)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|(x-0x40);void Print(unsigned char *str)while(*str!='0')LCD_Write(LCD_DATA,*str);str+;/*void LCD_LoadChar(unsigned char user8, unsigned char place)unsigned char i;LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x40|(place*8);for(i=0; i<8; i+)LCD_Write(LCD_DATA,useri);*/*endifIntrins.h程序为：*ifndef _INTRINS_H_*define _INTRINS_H_extern void _nop_ (void);extern bit _testbit_ (bit);extern unsigned char _cror_ (unsigned char, unsigned char);extern unsigned int _iror_ (unsigned int, unsigned char);extern unsigned long _lror_ (unsigned long, unsigned char);extern unsigned char _crol_ (unsigned char, unsigned char);extern unsigned int _irol_ (unsigned int, unsigned char);extern unsigned long _lrol_ (unsigned long, unsigned char);extern unsigned char _chkfloat_(float);extern void _push_ (unsigned char _sfr);extern void _pop_ (unsigned char _sfr);*endifDS1302时钟程序为：*ifndef _REAL_TIMER_DS1302_2003_7_21_*define _REAL_TIMER_DS1302_2003_7_21_sbit DS1302_CLK = P16; /实时时钟时钟线引脚 sbit DS1302_IO = P17; /实时时钟数据线引脚 sbit DS1302_RST = P15; /实时时钟复位线引脚sbit ACC0 = ACC0;sbit ACC7 = ACC7;typedef struct _SYSTEMTIME_unsigned char Second;unsigned char Minute;unsigned char Hour;unsigned char Week;unsigned char Day;unsigned char Month;unsigned char Year;unsigned char DateString9;unsigned char TimeString9;SYSTEMTIME;/定义的时间类型*define AM(X)X*define PM(X)(X+12) / 转成24小时制*define DS1302_SECOND0x80*define DS1302_MINUTE0x82*define DS1302_HOUR0x84 *define DS1302_WEEK0x8A*define DS1302_DAY0x86*define DS1302_MONTH0x88*define DS1302_YEAR0x8C*define DS1302_RAM(X)(0xC0+(X)*2) /用于计算 DS1302_RAM 地址的宏 void DS1302InputByte(unsigned char d) /实时时钟写入一字节(内部函数) unsigned char i; ACC = d; for(i=8; i>0; i-) DS1302_IO = ACC0; /相当于汇编中的 RRC DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_CLK = 0; ACC = ACC >> 1; unsigned char DS1302OutputByte(void) /实时时钟读取一字节(内部函数) unsigned char i; for(i=8; i>0; i-) ACC = ACC >>1; /相当于汇编中的 RRC ACC7 = DS1302_IO; DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_CLK = 0; return(ACC); void Write1302(unsigned char ucAddr, unsigned char ucDa)/ucAddr: DS1302地址, ucData: 要写的数据 DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr); / 地址，命令 DS1302InputByte(ucDa); / 写1Byte数据 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; unsigned char Read1302(unsigned char ucAddr)/读取DS1302某地址的数据 unsigned char ucData; DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr|0x01); / 地址，命令 ucData = DS1302OutputByte(); / 读1Byte数据 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; return(ucData);void DS1302_SetProtect(bit flag) /是否写保护if(flag)Write1302(0x8E,0x10);elseWrite1302(0x8E,0x00);void DS1302_SetTime(unsigned char Address, unsigned char Value) / 设置时间函数DS1302_SetProtect(0);Write1302(Address, (Value/10)<<4 | (Value%10); void DS1302_GetTime(SYSTEMTIME *Time)unsigned char ReadValue;ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);Time->Second = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE);Time->Minute = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_HOUR);Time->Hour = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_DAY);Time->Day = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_WEEK);Time->Week = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MONTH);Time->Month = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_YEAR);Time->Year = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);void DateToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time)Time->DateString0 = Time->Year/10 + '0'Time->DateString1 = Time->Year%10 + '0'Time->DateString2 = '-'Time->DateString3 = Time->Month/10 + '0'Time->DateString4 = Time->Month%10 + '0'Time->DateString5 = '-'Time->DateString6 = Time->Day/10 + '0'Time->DateString7 = Time->Day%10 + '0'Time->DateString8 = '0'void TimeToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time)Time->TimeString0 = Time->Hour/10 + '0'Time->TimeString1 = Time->Hour%10 + '0'Time->TimeString2 = ':'Time->TimeString3 = Time->Minute/10 + '0'Time->TimeString4 = Time->Minute%10 + '0'Time->TimeString5 = ':'Time->TimeString6 = Time->Second/10 + '0'Time->TimeString7 = Time->Second%10 + '0'Time->DateString8 = '0'void Initial_DS1302(void)unsigned char Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);if(Second&0x80) DS1302_SetTime(DS1302_SECOND,0);/*void BurstWrite1302(unsigned char *pWClock)/往DS1302写入时钟数据(多字节方式) unsigned char i; Write1302(0x8e,0x00); / 控制命令,WP=0,写操作" DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(0xbe); / 0xbe:时钟多字节写命令 for (i = 8; i>0; i-) /8Byte = 7Byte 时钟数据 + 1Byte 控制 DS1302InputByte(*pWClock); / 写1Byte数据 pWClock+; DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; void BurstRead1302(unsigned char *pRClock)/读取DS1302时钟数据(时钟多字节方式) unsigned char i; DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(0xbf); / 0xbf:时钟多字节读命令 for (i=8; i>0; i-) *pRClock = DS1302OutputByte(); / 读1Byte数据 pRClock+; DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0;void DS1302_TimeStop(bit flag) / 是否将时钟停止unsigned char Data;Data=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);DS1302_SetProtect(0);if(flag)Write1302(DS1302_SECOND, Data|0x80);elseWrite1302(DS1302_SECOND, Data&0x7F);*/*endif-四、 心得体会 这是一次非常难得的理论与实践相结合的机会，通过这次比较完整的数字电子时钟设计，我摆脱了单纯的理论知识学习状态，和实际设计的结合锻炼了我综合运用所学的专业基础知识，解决实际工程的能力。 通过这次对数字时钟的设计与制作，让我了解了设计电路的程序。设计中曾遇到诸多问题，由于线路错综复杂，很容易在连线过程中出现错接、漏接的情况，即时连接正确也不一定会实现最初的目标。还要针对错误现象，排查原因，在连线正确的基础上，可能是元器件的故障，需要逐步更换调整。 正是这一次设计让我积累了很多经验，也必然让我在未来的工作学习中表现出更好的应变能力，更强的沟通和理解能力。. v