A Comparative Study of Numerical Taboos in Gift—giving Between Chinese and Americans
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A Comparative Study of Numerical Taboos in Gift—giving Between Chinese and Americans
A Comparative Study of Numerical Taboos in Giftgiving Between Chinese and Americans【Abstract】Theexistenceof“tabooisubiquitousinallcultures.Sincelanguageandculturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.Thisarticleaimstomakeacomparativestudyoftaboosingift-givingbytakinginterculturalcommunicationtheories.Itdemonstratesthedifferencesbetweentheserepresentativecountriesduetodifferentculturalrelevantfactors.Andsomeappropriatestrategiesaregiveninthefinalpartofthearticlewhengift-givingactivitytakesplaceinourreallife.【Keywords】taboo;culturaldifference;interculturalcommunication【作者簡介】冯利敏,女,河南新乡人,西安外国语大学英文学院,在读研究生,2020级英语语言文学专业。I.BackgroundandSignificanceoftheStudyCommunicationisadynamic,systematicprocessinwhichmeaningsarecreatedandreflectedinhumaninteractionwithsymbols.Thisattemptstoemphasizethedifferencesaswellassimilaritiesthroughcomparisoninvariousculturessothatpeoplecancultivatethestrongawarenesswhengivinggiftcross-culturally.Andsomeimplicationsareindicated,thenintheprocesstheycandevelopcommunicativecompetenceaswell.II.HallsHigh-ContextandLow-ContextValueOrientationEdwardT.Halloffersusaneffectivemeansofexaminingculturalsimilaritiesanddifferencesinbothperceptionandcommunication.Inhigh-contextcultures,informationisprovidedthroughverbalandnon-verbalbehaviors.Meaningisalsoconveyed“throughstatusandthroughanindividualsinformalfriendsandassociates.Inlow-contextcultures,theverbalmessagecontainsmostoftheinformationandverylittleisembeddedinthecontextortheparticipants.III.Culturaldifferencesinnumericaltabooingift-givingbetweenChineseandAmericansFirst,thedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternnumeraltaboosmorerelatedtonationalculturalpsychology.Ingeneral,Chinesepeoplepayattentiontosymmetry,thedouble,andhappyauspiciousassociation.ThenumberofWesternnationalworship,thepursuitofindependence,willbeduetoreligiousandmythsandlegendsoftheunpopularfigures,suchas“13.SingularanddoublenumberinChineseimpliesauspiciousculturalconnotation.However,theChinesepeoplearenotabsolutelyexclusivesingular,singularalsofavored.Suchas:thenumber“threeintheHancultureisconsideredsacred,nobleandauspicioussymbol.“Threeistheultimatenumber.IntheUS,peopleareoftenregardedassingularexcept13fortheluckynumber.Coincidentally,themostfavorednumberisthe“three,peopleto“threeastheperfectnumber.FourandthirteeninChina,“fourisoftenregardedasunluckyfigures,becausetheChinesecharacters“死homophonicto“four,sointhechoiceofflowersshouldavoidthenumberfour.However,theWesternersofthe“fourextremelyworshipthat“fourisasymboloffairness,justice,strength.EarlyChristiansymbolistsarguedthat“fourrepresentstheevangelicalmissionary,symbolizingunity,tenacityandstability.IntheWest“thirteenisafrighteningfigure,asymbolof“unlucky.SixandseveninChina,“6isatime-spaceharmonicnumber,themostauspicious.However,duetotheinfluenceofreligion,intheWest“6isnotapopularfigure,andisregardedasalargenumberoffierce,whichisalsoseenfromthefollowingidiom.Suchas:atsixesandsevensconfusedandsoon.IntheWest,“666hasalwaysbeencalled“thedevilfigures,becauseintheBible,thedevilSatanssymbolis“666.Number“sevenisdisgustedinChinesebecauseofitshomophonesto“妻.IV.Implicationscustomsandvaluesarechangeable,andcontextualfactorsshouldbeconsideredimportantly.Inaword,therearestillmanyissuesonthistopicthatcanbeexplored.Iwillcontinuetodevelopmyeffortsonthestudyofthistopicinthefutureifitispossible.Lackofknowledgeabouttabooculturecanresultinfailureingift-giving,thetabooseemsmoreimportantthanbefore,therefore,futureresearchshouldattempttodoresearchthetaboodifferences.Sincescienceisbecomingthetopleaderofpeopleslife,webegantogiveupsometaboos,thesetaboolakeofscientificevidence.Therecordofthesechangesshouldbepaidattentionto,inthatway,areasonablecollectionoftaboocanbeusedtoexpoundthesechanges.References:【1】LarryA.Samovar,RichardE.Porter,andLisaA.Stefani,CommunicationBetweenCulturesM.Shanghai:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2000.