苏教牛津译林9AU2宾语从句语法

一、宾语从句概念：宾语从句：句子在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语) I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）I know Mr. Li .（代词作宾语）Im surprised at meeting you here.(动名词作宾语)Im glad to meet you here.(不定式作宾语)Im surprised at what you have done(句子作宾语)Im glad that I can meet you here.(句子作宾语)I like what I do. (句子作宾语）I know Mr. Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语）二、 宾语从句三要素(1) 连接词 (2) 语序 (3)时态（一）宾语从句的连接词根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。(1)that引导 (2)if/whether引导(3)连接代词 who whom whose what which 连接副词 when why where how一)that引导的宾语从句宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语，在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He says.He says_ these flowers are from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. He tells.He tells me _ light travels faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack doesnt know.Jack doesnt know _ there will be a meeting in five days.A引导词本身的省略与不省略1that可以省略连词that引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句的作用，它本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He says( that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他说他是个少先队员。2that不可以省略 (1)从句的主语是that时，that不省略。如： We know that that is an interesting story. 我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。 (2) that引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时，that不能省略。如：I think that if you have lost the library book, you must pay for it我认为如果你已把图书馆的书丢失了，你就必须赔偿。 (3)主、从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略。如： It says here, in the newspaper, that English is getting more and more important. 报纸上写着，英语正变得越来越重要。B何时使用that引导的宾语从句 that引导的宾语从句，表示陈述一件事，即由陈述句转化而来。如： He says( that) he is listening to the weather report. 他说他正在听天气预报。1 主句的谓语动词是think，hear，hope，wish，remember，forget，know，say，guess等时，常接that引导的宾语从句。如： I hope( that) he will be fine soon.我希望他很快好起来。2. 主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构，常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情，如happy，glad，pleased，sad，sure，afraid等等。如： I'm afraid( that) he can't come恐怕他不能来了。二)if和whether引导的宾语从句1何时使用if或whether引导的宾语从句 if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动、词ask，see，say，dont know，wonder, doubt和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。如： Nobody knows whether( if) it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。1Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ they can speak French.2Are the children playing games? I wonder.I wonder _ the children are playing games.3.Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. I don't know _ the watch was made in Shanghai.4. I wonder. Is there anything wrong?I wonder _there is_wrong.2if和whether的区别：(1)在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如： I can't decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。(2)在whether or not的固定搭配中。如： 1 want to know whether it's good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。(3)在介词后，只能用whether。如： His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。(4)宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。如：Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。(5)用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如： Could you tell me if you know the answer?这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义。1.They don't know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)2. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if)( )3. I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( )4. I want to know _ its good news or not. A.that B.whether C. if D.which( )5.I am not interested in_he is crazy about football. A.if B. that C. whether D. which三）由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。例： 1) He asked who could answer the question/which was the best way to the museum? 2) Do you know whom they are waiting for? 3) He asked whose bike was the best in the class 4) Do you know when well have a meeting？ 5) Please tell me where he is? 6) Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 7) Could you tell me why the train is late.1How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ you can see in the picture?2Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ she parked her car?3What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ he often talked about.4Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 5. Jim told me _ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）6. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）7. I really don't know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）二、 语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children don't know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。1How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _in the picture?2Where does she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?3What does he often talk about? The girl wonders.The girl wonders _ _ _ _ _.4Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 5. Jim told me .Why Jim didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon?6. Who else is going to be on duty today？Do you know.思考：7. I really don't know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）8. I dont know _ it is from school to my home.(how long; how far)三、时态 that引导的宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。如：He says( that) they have returned already. 他说他们已经回来了。He says they will go abroad this weekend. 如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），即主过从过。如：He said( that) he bought a new dictionary. 他说他买了本新词典。He said that he would bought a new dictionary. 如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如：He said that time is life他说时间就是生命。He said the sun rises from the east.She told us light travels fast than sound.1These flowers are from Guangdong. He says.He says_ these flowers _ _ Guangdong.拓展：He said_these flowers_ _Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. He tells.He tells me_.拓展：He told me_.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack doesnt know.Jack doesnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.拓展：Jack didnt know_there _ _ a meeting in five days.4.These flowers were from Guangdong. He said.He said _.拓展：He says_.宾语从句专项练习1.连接词角度( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 3 I hardly understand _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 4 She didn't know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D.whether would he be( ) 5 I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when( ) 6 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how( ) 7 He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose( ) 8.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which2.陈述句语序角度( ) 1.Please tell me _ last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( ) 2.She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 3. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 4. Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( )5. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing3. 时态一致性( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled当堂检测一、单项选择(   ) 1.- I think this is the best movie of the year.-I am not sure _ you are right. Anyway, the ending is OK.A. that      B. weather      C. if      D. of(    )2.The teacher asked Lucy _.      A. where she comes from      B. what did she like bestC. if she could speak Chinese   D. when was she born(    )3.I dont know _ or not he will come. _ he comes, Ill tell you.A.if, Whether  B. whether, Whether    C. if, If  D. whether, If(    )4.-What did your teacher say this morning?-She told me _.A.why was Tom late for school  B.whether we had too much homeworkC.how she did come to school   D. that we would have a test soon(    )5. Could you tell me _ a concert next week?A.if there was going to be      B. whether is there going to beC. if there is going to be       D. whether there is going to have(    )6.Which of the following sentences is right?A.Im not sure that he will give back the money.B.If you like it or not, Im taking you to the doctor.C.He asked me if or not I wanted to playD.Im not sure if Im pronouncing his name correctly.(    )7.Which of the following sentences is Right?A.Im not sure that he will come back in 2 days.B.Can you tell me which is the way to the hospital.C.He asked me what I will do the next dayD.I am not interested in if he is crazy about football.二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句1. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him _ _ _ _.2. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ _ _ fried chicken.4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. I don't know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.5How many people can you see in the picture? Who knew?Who knew _ _ _ _ _ _in the picture?6There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.7Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.8. Who else is going to be on duty today？Do you know. Do you know_.9Which bag do you like better? I dont know.I don t know _. 10.What is on the table? I wondered.I wondered_.三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.宾语从句专题练习( )1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did( )2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is( )3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which( )4. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping( )5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which( )6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home( )7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend( )8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what( )9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office( )10. -Can I help you? -Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it( )11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held( )12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit( )13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what( )14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited( )15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether( )16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting( )17. -Could you tell me _ last night? - Er, I was watching TV at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing( )18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computersD. how many trees they have planted( )19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had( )20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when( )21. He asked me _ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane. A. that B. if C. how D. what( )22. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? -Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building. A. where can I buy some CDs B. where I can buy some CDs C. when can I buy some CDs D. when I can buy some CDs( )23. I dont know if my uncle _. If he _, I will be very happy. A. comes; will come B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. will come; comes( )24. My physics teacher said that light _ faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. traveled D.travelled( )25. You are growing so fast. Can you tell me _ now? A. how fast are you B. how fast you are C. how tall are you D. how tall you are( )26. -Excuse me, could you tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight ahead and youll see it on your left. A. where the post office is B. when you will visit the museum C. where is the post office D. when will you visit the museum( )27. I wanted to know _, but no one would like to tell me. A. what did the old man say B. what the old man need C. what did the old man want D. what the old man meant( )28. July didnt know_. A. where is Tims father                   B. when was the first watch made C. who the old man is                     D. what was wrong with her watch( )29. -Do you think _ a concert in our school hall this weekend? -Yes, there will. A. there will have B. there will be C. will there be D. will there have( )30.-Could you please tell me _? -Its next to the hotel. A. where is the museum B. the museum is where C. where the museum is( )31. -Do you know _ for Shanghai last night? -At 9:00 A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leave C. what time he left D. what time did he leave( )32.-Do you know _ last night? -Sorry, I dont know. But I think he should go to bed early because he will have an English exam this afternoon. A. when he goes to bed B. when he went to bed C. when did he go to bed( )33. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Canada. A. what he is B. where he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here( )33. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _? A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it( )34.-Excuse me .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1. A. whereB. howC. ifD. why( )35.-Do you know _the new mobile phone last week? -Maybe 900 yuan. Im not quite sure. A.how much she paid for B.how much will she pay for C.how much did