2010年考研英语完型填空之答案详解.doc

摘选自星火图书考研英语各个击破系列完形填空三步突破法Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting_1_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended _2_giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very_3_to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the _4_behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to _5_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not _6_what was done in the experiment; _7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)_8_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_itself.After several decades, the same data were _11_ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 _the descriptions on record, no systematic _13_ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to_ 14_ interpretation of what happed._ 15_ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output _16_ rose compared with the previous Saturday and_ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days._ 18_ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers_ 19_ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before _20 _a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. A affected B achieved C extracted D restored2. A at Bup C with D off3. Atruth Bsight C act D proof4. A controversial B perplexing Cmischievous D ambiguous5. Arequirements Bexplanations C accounts D assessments6. A conclude B matter C indicate D work7. A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long as8. A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion9. A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant10. A about B for C on D by11. A compared Bshown C subjected D conveyed12. A contrary to B consistent with C parallel with D pealliar to13. A evidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsource14. A disputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleading15. A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16. A duly Baccidentally C unpredictably D suddenly17. Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued18.ATherefore BFurthermoreCHoweverDMeanwhile19.AattemptedBtendedCchoseDintended20. Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing Dhiting1. A。该句的已知信息为：希望他们(指派去指导实验的两名工程师)能够得知工作场所的照明如何工人的生产力。对比四个选项，可知A affected“影响”符合句意。B achieved“获得”、C extracted“榨取”和D restored“恢复”都不符合此处文意，均排除。2. B。该题考查动词end的搭配。end不能与at和with构成固定搭配，所以首先排除A和C。end up和end off都有“结束”之意，但end up作谓语时，之后可接名词、动名词、形容词或介词词组作补足语，根据原句的结构可以确定正确选项为B。该句意思是：此项研究最终命名为“霍桑效应”。3. C。空格后的of being experimented upon为该题的定语，意为“接受实验的”，选项中只有C act“行为”符合“接受实验”的性质，为正确答案。而A truth强调某件事情是真实情况，并非编造的，不符合语境，所以排除；B sight“景象；看法”和D proof“证据”与原文中“接受实验的”不搭配，排除。4. B。此处的形容词修饰behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant(霍桑工厂里女工的表现)，结合下文可知，无论照明是变亮还是变暗，她们每小时的产量都有所提高，因此可以判断这种表现令人费解，故选B perplexing。A controversial“有争议的”、C mischievous“恶作剧的；有害的”和D ambiguous“模棱两可的”都不能描述下文中工人的行为，所以排除。5. C。该句的已知信息为：根据实验的，当灯光增强时，工人每小时的产量就会增加，而灯光变暗时，小时产量依然增加。可以看出，题目后面的内容是实验所描述的情形，故选C accounts“描述”。Arequirements“要求”、B explanations“解释”和D assessments“估计”都不符合句意，所以排除。6. B。句子中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的名词性从句what was done in the experiment。matter“有关系，要紧”往往用于否定句中，本处意思是“实验中做了什么并不重要”，故选B。A conclude“结束；断定”和D work“起作用”不符合此处语境，排除；C indicate意为“表明”，通常作及物动词，和原句的结构不符合，所以排除。7. D。由该句的前一部分可知，无论实验中做了什么都不重要。后半句进一步地解释某一方面发生改变，生产率会提高。由句意可以判断，D as long as“只要”为正确选项，此处强调了无论是哪一方面发生变化，工人的生产率都会提高。A as far as表示范围、程度，意为“就；至于”；B for fear that“唯恐”和C in case that“免得；以防”都不符合此处语境。8. A。该句中that they were being experimented upon(她们正在接受实验)是空格处的同位语从句，结合选项可知A awareness“意识”符合该从句的意思，本句的大意是说：工人知道自己本身是被研究对象这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。B expectation“期待”、C sentiment“心情”和D illusion“幻觉”都不符合文意，所以排除。9. C。句子的已知信息为：工人意识到自己正在接受实验，就好像改变她们的表现。根据第一段的末句the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects behaviour(单单接受实验这一行为就会改变实验对象的表现)可以判断C enough“足够的”为正确答案。A suitable“合适的”、B excessive“过度的”与文意无关；D abundant“大量的；充裕的”常用来修饰数量，不能表示程度，排除。10. D。该题考查介词与itself的搭配。选项中只有D by可以与itself搭配，表示“独自地”，与句中的enough前后呼应。其他选项中的介词都不能与itself构成有意义的搭配。11.C。句子的已知信息为：同样的数据计量经济学分析。结合四个选项，意思分别为be compared to“被比喻成”、be shown to“被出示给”、be subjected to“受到”和be conveyed to“被传递给”。根据句意可以判断，C subjected为正确选项，此处指对数据进行计量经济学分析。12.A。空格处与句中的surprise(令人惊奇的事情)相呼应，并引出下文中的经过计量经济学分析后的新发现，故选 A Contrary to“与相反”，这里表示新发现与之前的结果相反。B Consistent with“与一致”和C Parallel with“与相同”与文意相悖，排除；D Peculiar to“为所特有”与句意无关，也排除。13.A。注意此处的正常语序应为no systematic that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting was found，意思是“没有发现系统的说明生产力的高低和照明的变化有关”。由此可以判断A evidence“证据”符合句意。B guidance“指导”、C implication“含义”和D source“来源”与后面从句的意思都不对应，排除。14. D。由上文可知，数十年后人们通过计量经济学来分析实验的数据，推翻了原有的“霍桑效应”的观点。第四段的第一句起到了承上启下的作用，句中用turns out(证明是)和may have led to(可能造成了)说明人们现在如何从新的角度看待原来的理论。故应用D misleading“引入歧途的”来修饰句中的interpretations of what happened(对事情的解释)，说明原有的解释是错误的。A disputable“未确定的”不够贴切，因为文章明确表示原有的观点是错误的；B enlightening“启发的”和C reliable“可靠的”和文意相悖，所以排除。15. B。本题由上下文的逻辑关系决定。联系下文，下文论证了“霍桑效应”为谬论，所以选B For example，用以举例论证。A In contrast“相比之下”、C In consequence“结果”和D As usual“像往常一样”都不能正确表示上下文的逻辑关系，均可排除。16. A。该句举例论证了“霍桑效应”的误导性，根据句中always(总是)可知，该例子应该具有普遍性，所以排除表示偶然性和不稳定性的B accidentally“偶然地；意外地”、C unpredictably“难以预见地”和D suddenly“突然地”，故得出正确选项为A duly“按时地，及时地”。此处意思是：工人的产量每到周一就会提高。17. D。句子的已知信息为：工人每到周一复工时，产量和上个周六相比总会提高，而产量将在接下来的几天中提高。再结合该段最后一句中的Workers.be diligent for the first few days of the working week.(工人在工作周的头几天都会努力工作)，可知D continued“继续”符合文意，为正确选项。A failed“不能”和Bceased“停止”和文意相悖；而C started“开始”和句中提到的“周一的产量会有所提高”矛盾，也排除。18. C。本句前面说到：照明通常在周日会发生变化，而每到周一工人复工时，和上个周六相比，产量就会提高，并且在接下来的几天还会继续提高，而后面说的是“周一的产量总是会增加”，此句意思与前面相反，说明另一种情况，故选C however“可是，然而”。A Therefore“所以，因此”、B Furthermore“此外，而且”和D Meanwhile“同时”都不合文意，均可排除。19. B。本句说到，无论有没有实验，工人们在工作周的前几天努力工作。结合选项来看，tend to do表示“倾向于做某事，往往”，说明一种常规的事实，故B为正确答案。A attempted“企图”、C chose“选择”、D intended“打算”都不符合语境，均排除。20. D。由句子结构可以判断，该词和a plateau构成动宾搭配。原文指工人在一周的头几天产量一直攀升，到达一定程度后又会有所下降，选项中可与a plateau构成有符合句意搭配的是D hitting“达到”。A breaking“破坏”和C surpassing“超过”与文意不相符；B climbing表示“增长，攀升”时为不及物动词，需与介词to连用，不符合原句的结构，排除。